Is There Selection Bias in Laboratory Experiments? The Case of Social and Risk Preferences

Laboratory experiments are frequently used to examine the nature of individual preferences and inform economic theory. However, it is unknown whether the preferences of volunteer participants are representative of the population from which the participants are drawn or whether they differ due to selection bias. We examine whether the social and risk preferences of participants in a laboratory experiment represent the preferences of the population from which they are recruited. To answer this question, we measured the preferences of 1,173 students in a classroom experiment. Separately, we invited all students to participate in a laboratory experiment. We find that the social and risk preferences of students who attend the laboratory experiment do not differ significantly from the preferences of the population from which they were recruited. Moreover, participation decisions based on social and risk preferences do not differ significantly across most subgroups, with the exception that female participants are on average less risk averse than female non-participants, and male participants are more risk averse than male non-participants.selection bias, laboratory experiments, external validity, social preferences, risk preferences

Apollo communications system. Task E-59B - MSFTP-2 bit synchronizer performance analysis

Mathematical model for predicting performance degradation of MSFTP-2 bit synchronizer used in MSF

Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Penipuan Dalam Pembelian Melalui Internet

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penanggulangan tindak pidana penipuan dalam pembelian melalui internet dan bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dalam tindak pidana penipuan melalui pembelian melalui internet. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dapat disimpulkan : 1. Penanggulangan tindak pidana penipuan dalam pembelian melalui internet. Kebijakan penal adalah penanggulangan kejahatan dengan menggunakan hukum pidana. Kebijakan tersebut dioperasionalisasikan dengan cara menerapkan hukum pidana, yaitu hukum pidana materil, hukum formil, dan hukum panitensier dalam masyarakat. Operasionalisasi kebijakan penal meliputi kriminalisasi, deskriminasi, penalisasi, dan depenalisasi. 2. Penyelesaian sengketa dalam tindak pidana penipuan dalam pembelian melalui internet. Transaksi belanja melalui internet seperti layaknya suatu transaksi konvensional dimana menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban antara pelaku USAha dan konsumen. Di dalam pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban ini tidak selamanya mulus. Sehingga dimungkinkan terjadinya sengketa antara pelaku USAha dan konsumen. Jika pelaku USAha dan konsumen sama-sama berada di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia maka penyelesaian sengketa dapat di lakukan menurut cara penyelesaian sengketa yang ada di Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen

Denis Burkitt and the origins of the dietary fibre hypothesis

For more than 200 years the fibre in plant foods has been known by animal nutritionists to have significant effects on digestion. Its role in human nutrition began to be investigated towards the end of the 19th century. However, between 1966 and 1972, Denis Burkitt, a surgeon who had recently returned from Africa, brought together ideas from a range of disciplines together with observations from his own experience to propose a radical view of the role of fibre in human health. Burkitt came late to the fibre story but built on the work of three physicians (Peter Cleave, G. D. Campbell and Hugh Trowell), a surgeon (Neil Painter) and a biochemist (Alec Walker) to propose that diets low in fibre increase the risk of CHD, obesity, diabetes, dental caries, various vascular disorders and large bowel conditions such as cancer, appendicitis and diverticulosis. Simply grouping these diseases together as having a common cause was groundbreaking. Proposing fibre as the key stimulated much research but also controversy. Credit for the dietary fibre hypothesis is given largely to Burkitt who became known as the 'Fibre Man'. This paper sets out the story of the development of the fibre hypothesis, and the contribution to it of these individuals.</p

Is There Selection Bias in Laboratory Experiments?*

Do the social and risk preferences of participants in laboratory experiments represent the preferences of the population from which they are recruited? To answer this question, we conducted a classroom experiment with a population of 1,173 students using a trust game and a lottery choice task to measure individual preferences. Separately, all 1,173 students were invited to participate in a laboratory experiment. To determine whether selection bias exists, we compare the preferences of the individuals who eventually participated in a laboratory experiment to those in the population. We find that the social and risk preferences of the students participating in the laboratory experiment are not significantly different from the preferences of the population from which they were recruited. We further show that participation decisions across most subgroups (e.g., men vs. women) do not differ significantly. We therefore fail to find selection bias based on social and risk preferences.external validity; social preferences; selection bias; laboratory experiments; risk preferences

Is there selection bias in laboratory experiments? The case of social and risk preferences

Laboratory experiments are frequently used to examine the nature of individual preferences and inform economic theory. However, it is unknown whether the preferences of volunteer participants are representative of the population from which the participants are drawn or whether they differ due to selection bias. We examine whether the social and risk preferences of participants in a laboratory experiment represent the preferences of the population from which they are recruited. To answer this question, we measured the preferences of 1,173 students in a classroom experiment. Separately, we invited all students to participate in a laboratory experiment. We find that the social and risk preferences of students who attend the laboratory experiment do not differ significantly from the preferences of the population from which they were recruited. Moreover, participation decisions based on social and risk preferences do not differ significantly across most subgroups, with the exception that female participants are on average less risk averse than female non-participants, and male participants are more risk averse than male non-participants

Two buses and a short walk: the place of geography in recovery

Purpose – As UK substance misuse policy has increasingly focused on the concept of recovery, policymakers, service providers and service users have found “recovery capital” a useful concept to understand the barriers to and facilitators of recovery from substance misuse. There is a rich strand of research that considers the composition of recovery capital in terms of the relevance of resources such as access to mutual aid, familial support and friendship networks, stable housing, structured psychosocial support and education, training and employment. However, such general accounts have tended not to engage with the potential spatial element of recovery capital; that is, how location contributes to the acquisition and management of recovery capital. The purpose of this paper is to add nuance to more generalised accounts through a critical interrogation, exploration and analysis of the role of geography in recovery. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on in-depth interviews with service users and service providers in a predominantly rural county in the south-west of England. Findings – The ability to build and sustain recovery capital is shown to be marked by a complex web of social and spatial inclusions/exclusions. Originality/value – This paper makes three important contributions to prevailing understandings of recovery capital. First, it shows how narratives of recovery are intimately tied to perceptions and experiences of place. Second, it reveals some of the important challenges and complex dilemmas that local drug and alcohol commissioners face in designing and delivering recovery-orientated treatment systems. Third, and finally, it argues that there is a pressing need for a more nuanced appreciation of the social and spatial dynamics of recovery capital