Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Educação alimentar e nutricional para o controle de comorbidades em pessoas com doenças infecciosas

Objective: To report the experience of implementing Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) Practices in group, for improvement of nutrition counseling acceptance among patients with infectious diseases. Data synthesis: This is an experience report of food and nutrition education activity carried out from April to November 2015 at the Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectology (INI/Fiocruz). Twelve individuals carrying infectious and parasitic diseases, of both genders, diagnosed with overweight and metabolic syndrome, took part in seven monthly thematic workshops. Themes of relevance to the treatment of metabolic syndrome and overweight were approached by means of group chats and dynamics, and explanatory brochure distribution. During the workshops, eating behaviors were clearly identified, which were not in conformity with the nutrition counseling provided in previous individual appointments and hampered the control of the clinical conditions experienced in metabolic syndrome and overweight. In the workshops, the participants consolidated the knowledge of healthy eating habits and, by exchanging experiences, they felt more confident and motivated to overcome the difficulties during nutrition treatment. Conclusion: It was observed that the participants consolidated their knowledge and autonomy for healthy food choices and, with the exchange of experience, they felt more confident and motivated to overcome the difficulties during the nutrition treatment. Therefore, the implementation of FNE in group was effective in improving nutrition counselling acceptance, which brings forward new reports of healthy eating practices.Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de la aplicación de prácticas de educación alimentaria y nutricional (EAN) en grupo para mejorar la adhesión de las orientaciones nutricionales en personas con enfermedades infecciosas. Síntesis de los datos: Se trata de un relato de experiência de la actividad de educación alimentaria y nutricional realizada en el periodo entre abril y noviembre de 2015, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Evandro Chagas (INI / Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Doce personas com enfermidades infecciosas y parasitarias de ambos sexos y diagnostico de exceso de peso y del síndrome metabólico participaron en siete talleres temáticos mensuales. Fueron discutidos temas de interés para el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico y el sobrepeso a través de ruedas de conversación, dinámicas y distribución de folletos. Durante los talleres fueron claramente identificadas las conductas alimentarias que no correspondían con la orientación nutricional previa proporcionada en la consulta individual, lo que hace que sea difícil controlar las condiciones clínicas presentes en el síndrome metabólico y el sobrepeso. En los talleres, los participantes consolidaron el conocimiento sobre prácticas saludables de alimentación y com el intercambio de experiencias se sintieron más seguros y motivados para superar las dificultades en el tratamiento nutricional. Conclusión: Hemos observado con la aplicación del EAN en grupo, una mejora efectiva en la adhesión de las orientaciones nutricionales reflejadas en los nuevos informes de prácticas de alimentación saludables. También observamos que la frecuencia y la regularidad de la vigilancia nutricional tienen un papel crucial en el éxito del tratamiento nutricional.Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da implantação de práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) em grupo, para melhoria de adesão às orientações nutricionais, para pessoas com doenças infecciosas. Síntese de dados: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de atividade de educação alimentar e nutricional realizada no período de abril a novembro de 2015, no Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Doze indivíduos portadores de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, de ambos os sexos, com diagnósticos de excesso de peso e de síndrome metabólica participaram de sete oficinas temáticas mensais. Foram abordados temas relevantes para o tratamento da síndrome metabólica e do excesso de peso por meio de rodas de conversa, dinâmicas e distribuição de folhetos explicativos. Durante as oficinas, foram identificados de forma clara comportamentos alimentares que não correspondiam à orientação nutricional prévia fornecida na consulta individual e que dificultavam o controle das condições clínicas presentes na síndrome metabólica e excesso de peso. Nas oficinas, os participantes consolidaram o conhecimento sobre práticas alimentares saudáveis e, com a troca de experiência, sentiram-se mais seguros e motivados para superarem as dificuldades durante o tratamento nutricional. Conclusão: Observou-se que os participantes consolidaram seus conhecimentos e a autonomia para escolhas alimentares saudáveis e, com a troca de experiência, sentiram-se mais seguros e motivados para superarem as dificuldades durante o tratamento nutricional. Portanto, a implementação da EAN em grupo foi efetiva na melhora da adesão às orientações nutricionais, refletindo em novos relatos de práticas alimentares saudáveis

A protocol update for the Selenium Treatment and Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (STCC) trial

Abstract Several studies evaluating clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease show that about one-third of patients present cardiac involvement. Heart failure, sudden death and cardioembolic stroke are the main mechanisms of death in Chagas heart disease. The impact of specific etiologic treatment on the prognosis of patients with chronic Chagas heart disease is very limited regardless of the presence or absence of heart failure. Patients with symptomatic Chagas heart disease present serum selenium (Se) levels lower than patients without Chagas heart disease. Moreover, Se supplementation in animal models showed promising results. The aim of this trial is to estimate the effect of Se treatment on prevention of heart disease progression in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy. However, we had to introduce some protocol modifications in order to keep trial feasibility, as follows: the primary outcome was restricted to left ventricular ejection fraction as a continuous variable, excluding disease progression; the follow-up period was decreased from 5 years to 1 year, an adjustment that might increase the participation rate of our study; the superior age limit was increased from 65 to 75 years; and diabetes mellitus was no longer considered an exclusion criterion. All of these protocol modifications were extensively debated by the research team enrolled in the design, recruitment and conduction of the clinical trial to guarantee a high scientific quality. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT00875173. Registered on 20 October 2008