3,535 research outputs found

    Objeto virtual de aprendizaje para la concientización frente a los fenómenos naturales o antrópicos que se suscitan en el departamento de Nariño

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    La prevención y atención de desastres es una temática de interés general. En el caso particular del departamento de Nariño son diversas las amenazas a las cuales se encuentra expuesto cada uno de los municipios que lo conforman; por ello, es de gran importancia la implementación de nuevos elementos que contribuyan al conocimiento de los fenómenos que causan estas amenazas, para así contribuir en la gestión del riesgo en toda la comunidad, principalmente en la que se encuentra más vulnerable

    Absolute quantification of the host-to-parasite DNA ratio in Theileria parva-infected lymphocyte cell lines

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    Theileria parva is a tick-transmitted intracellular apicomplexan pathogen of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa that causes East Coast fever (ECF). ECF is an acute fatal disease that kills over one million cattle annually, imposing a tremendous burden on African small-holder cattle farmers. The pathology and level of T. parva infections in its wildlife host, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and in cattle are distinct. We have developed an absolute quantification method based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) in which recombinant plasmids containing single copy genes specific to the parasite (apical membrane antigen 1 gene, ama1) or the host (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1, hprt1) are used as the quantification reference standards. Our study shows that T. parva and bovine cells are present in similar numbers in T. parva-infected lymphocyte cell lines and that consequently, due to its much smaller genome size, T. parva DNA comprises between 0.9% and 3% of the total DNA samples extracted from these lines. This absolute quantification assay of parasite and host genome copy number in a sample provides a simple and reliable method of assessing T. parva load in infected bovine lymphocytes, and is accurate over a wide range of host-to-parasite DNA ratios. Knowledge of the proportion of target DNA in a sample, as enabled by this method, is essential for efficient high-throughput genome sequencing applications for a variety of intracellular pathogens. This assay will also be very useful in future studies of interactions of distinct host-T. parva stocks and to fully characterize the dynamics of ECF infection in the field

    Person-centered practice in the Portuguese Healthcare Services: a scoping review protocol

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    Recognizing the importance of the international advancements on person-centered practice (PCP) with positive implementation outcomes at the varied levels of healthcare systems, this scoping review will examine the PCP in Portuguese healthcare services. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews will be followed. The Population (P) Concept (C) Context (C) mnemonic will scaffold research questions, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the searching strategy. Literature reporting on person-centeredness domains at the macro-, meso-, and micro levels applied to Portuguese healthcare services in Portuguese and English will be considered for inclusion. Accordingly, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS, SCIELO, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), and Open gray will be searched. The literature will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers, first by title and abstract and subsequently by full text. A data extraction matrix designed to answer the research questions will be used for the included literature. The charted data will be thematically analyzed and presented graphically, with a narrative description of the literature characteristics. The results are expected to inform healthcare stakeholders at varying levels about the PCP domains where further improvements might be required in order to raise the quality of care to the international gold standards.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Gerber File Parsing for Conversion to Bitmap Image–The VINCI7D Case Study

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    The technological market is increasingly evolving as evidenced by the innovative and streamlined manufacturing processes. Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are widely employed in the electronics fabrication industry, resorting to the Gerber open standard format to transfer the manufacturing data. The Gerber format describes not only metadata related to the manufacturing process but also the PCB image. To be able to map the electronic circuit pattern to be printed, a parser to convert Gerber files into a bitmap image is required. The current literature as well as available Gerber viewers and libraries showed limitations mainly in the Gerber format support, focusing only on a subset of commands. In this work, the development of a recursive descent approach for parsing Gerber files is described, outlining its interpretation and the renderization of 2D bitmap images. All the defined commands in the specification based on Gerber X2 generation were successfully rendered, unlike the tested commercial parsers used in the experiments. Moreover, the obtained results were comparable to those parsers regarding the commands they can execute as well as the ground-truth, emphasizing the accuracy of the proposed approach. Its top-down and recursive architecture allows easy integration with other software regardless of the platform, highlighting its potential inclusion and integration in the production of electronic circuits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    The Relationship between Elementary Chemical Composition and Extraction Method for Protium Strumosum Daly Species Resin

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    The genus Protium Burm f., the most abundant of the Burseraceae family, has its primary center of diversity in the Amazon. Its main characteristic is the exudation of “Breu”, an aromatic resin collected directly from the trunk of the trees.Stimulating pastes have been used to increase resin flow, such as 2-chloroethylphosphonic (Ethephon). It is important to evaluate variations in the composition of the resin extracted naturally and with the use of the stimulant, to guarantee the product quality. The inorganic analysis is also fundamental to verify the presence of compounds harmful to health.A quali-quantitative elemental variation of the resin between the two extraction modes was proved by WD-XRF analysis. In 15 samples, Mg and F were only observed in those using Ethephon. In samples from the same tree, the qualitative difference is 54%, proving a discrepancy in the chemical composition of Breu, which can alter its properties

    Association of virulence plasmid and antibiotic resistance determinants with chromosomal multilocus genotypes in Mexican Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacterial genomes are mosaic structures composed of genes present in every strain of the same species (core genome), and genes present in some but not all strains of a species (accessory genome). The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of core and accessory genes of a <it>Salmonella enterica </it>subspecies <it>enterica </it>serovar Typhimurium (Typhimurium) population isolated from food-animal and human sources in four regions of Mexico. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and macrorestriction fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to address the core genetic variation, and genes involved in pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance were selected to evaluate the accessory genome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found a low genetic diversity for both housekeeping and accessory genes. Sequence type 19 (ST19) was supported as the founder genotype of STs 213, 302 and 429. We found a temporal pattern in which the derived ST213 is replacing the founder ST19 in the four geographic regions analyzed and a geographic trend in the number of resistance determinants. The distribution of the accessory genes was not random among chromosomal genotypes. We detected strong associations among the different accessory genes and the multilocus chromosomal genotypes (STs). First, the <it>Salmonella </it>virulence plasmid (pSTV) was found mostly in ST19 isolates. Second, the plasmid-borne betalactamase <it>cmy-2 </it>was found only in ST213 isolates. Third, the most abundant integron, IP-1 (<it>dfrA12</it>, <it>orfF </it>and <it>aadA2</it>), was found only in ST213 isolates. Fourth, the <it>Salmonella </it>genomic island (SGI1) was found mainly in a subgroup of ST19 isolates carrying pSTV. The mapping of accessory genes and multilocus genotypes on the dendrogram derived from macrorestiction fingerprints allowed the establishment of genetic subgroups within the population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Despite the low levels of genetic diversity of core and accessory genes, the non-random distribution of the accessory genes across chromosomal backgrounds allowed us to discover genetic subgroups within the population. This study provides information about the importance of the accessory genome in generating genetic variability within a bacterial population.</p

    Método de caracterização de argamassas históricas: proposição e estudos de caso

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    Nas duas &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas do s&eacute;culo XX veio se consolidando, no &acirc;mbito de estudos cient&iacute;ficos internacionais, propostas de ensaios de caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o de argamassas visando manter as caracter&iacute;sticas semelhantes &agrave; argamassa original e assim subsidiar a formula&ccedil;&atilde;o da argamassa a ser utilizada em recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o ou restauro. Esta conduta est&aacute; em conson&acirc;ncia com o princ&iacute;pio da interven&ccedil;&atilde;o m&iacute;nima, indicada para interven&ccedil;&otilde;es no revestimento das fachadas de edifica&ccedil;&atilde;o hist&oacute;rica, que limita a remo&ccedil;&atilde;o e substitui&ccedil;&atilde;o do revestimento apenas aos trechos deteriorados, ou seja, sempre que poss&iacute;vel, a argamassa original em boas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es deve ser mantida. O IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol&oacute;gicas do Estado de S&atilde;o Paulo tem aplicado nos &uacute;ltimos 10 anos em v&aacute;rias edifica&ccedil;&otilde;es hist&oacute;ricas, tais como o pr&eacute;dio da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, a Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o da Luz, no munic&iacute;pio de S&atilde;o Paulo, e o Castelo Mourisco da Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Oswaldo Cruz na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, um m&eacute;todo de trabalho baseado nas seguintes t&eacute;cnicas: trabalho baseado nas seguintes t&eacute;cnicas: An&aacute;lise mineral&oacute;gica por difratometria de raios-X: focando identificar os minerais presentes, tanto na pasta como no agregado. &Eacute; especialmente &uacute;til na caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o de aglomerantes. An&aacute;lise petrogr&aacute;fica: visando obter uma esp&eacute;cie de &ldquo;retrato&rdquo; da microestrutura da argamassa. S&atilde;o obtidos dados quanto: ao agregado (natureza, granulometria e interface com a pasta); aos vazios (distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o, forma e tipo); e &agrave; pasta (presen&ccedil;a, intensidade e distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o da carbonata&ccedil;&atilde;o, presen&ccedil;a de minerais de cimento e/ou de cal). Permite tamb&eacute;m observar e caracterizar as microfissuras presentes. Reconstitui&ccedil;&atilde;o de tra&ccedil;o a partir da an&aacute;lise qu&iacute;mica da argamassa: obtem-se a rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aglomerante(s)/agregado e a identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o do tipo de aglomerante, que &eacute; solubilizado em meio &aacute;cido. Ensaios qu&iacute;micos espec&iacute;ficos podem ser executados para identificar a presen&ccedil;a de sais sol&uacute;veis e de aditivos modificadores de propriedades, incorporados na produ&ccedil;&atilde;o das argamassas. Descri&ccedil;&atilde;o do agregado com aux&iacute;lio da microscopia &oacute;ptica, podendo se associar &agrave; an&aacute;lise granulom&eacute;trica: fornece a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o do agregado, quanto &agrave; cor, forma, natureza e granulometria. O acesso &agrave;s informa&ccedil;&otilde;es hist&oacute;ricas da edifica&ccedil;&atilde;o pelo laborat&oacute;rio &eacute; fundamental para a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o das argamassas, pois serve de balizamento para a interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o dos resultados. A interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o conjunta dos resultados dessas an&aacute;lises permite, em geral, corroborar a precis&atilde;o dos dados de reconstitui&ccedil;&atilde;o do tra&ccedil;o da argamassa original, bem como inferir indica&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre t&eacute;cnicas construtivas, &eacute;poca da constru&ccedil;&atilde;o, a fonte do agregado e informa&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre poss&iacute;veis interven&ccedil;&otilde;es que possam ter ocorrido ao longo do tempo, auxiliando na arqueometria da constru&ccedil;&atilde;o. Em casos espec&iacute;ficos, a metodologia aplicada no IPT permite identificar o s&iacute;tio geol&oacute;gico que forneceu o agregado da argamassa original. No entanto, cabe ressaltar que embora a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o da argamassa original seja importante, &eacute; apenas um dos aspectos a ser considerado no restauro de edif&iacute;cios de valor hist&oacute;rico, em que h&aacute; necessidade de reposi&ccedil;&atilde;o parcial do revestimento de argamassa das fachadas.Tópico 4: Morteros de cal, materiales cálcicos y cementíceos

    Método de caracterização de argamassas históricas: proposição e estudos de caso

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    Nas duas &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas do s&eacute;culo XX veio se consolidando, no &acirc;mbito de estudos cient&iacute;ficos internacionais, propostas de ensaios de caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o de argamassas visando manter as caracter&iacute;sticas semelhantes &agrave; argamassa original e assim subsidiar a formula&ccedil;&atilde;o da argamassa a ser utilizada em recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o ou restauro. Esta conduta est&aacute; em conson&acirc;ncia com o princ&iacute;pio da interven&ccedil;&atilde;o m&iacute;nima, indicada para interven&ccedil;&otilde;es no revestimento das fachadas de edifica&ccedil;&atilde;o hist&oacute;rica, que limita a remo&ccedil;&atilde;o e substitui&ccedil;&atilde;o do revestimento apenas aos trechos deteriorados, ou seja, sempre que poss&iacute;vel, a argamassa original em boas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es deve ser mantida. O IPT - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol&oacute;gicas do Estado de S&atilde;o Paulo tem aplicado nos &uacute;ltimos 10 anos em v&aacute;rias edifica&ccedil;&otilde;es hist&oacute;ricas, tais como o pr&eacute;dio da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, a Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o da Luz, no munic&iacute;pio de S&atilde;o Paulo, e o Castelo Mourisco da Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Oswaldo Cruz na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, um m&eacute;todo de trabalho baseado nas seguintes t&eacute;cnicas: trabalho baseado nas seguintes t&eacute;cnicas: An&aacute;lise mineral&oacute;gica por difratometria de raios-X: focando identificar os minerais presentes, tanto na pasta como no agregado. &Eacute; especialmente &uacute;til na caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o de aglomerantes. An&aacute;lise petrogr&aacute;fica: visando obter uma esp&eacute;cie de &ldquo;retrato&rdquo; da microestrutura da argamassa. S&atilde;o obtidos dados quanto: ao agregado (natureza, granulometria e interface com a pasta); aos vazios (distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o, forma e tipo); e &agrave; pasta (presen&ccedil;a, intensidade e distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o da carbonata&ccedil;&atilde;o, presen&ccedil;a de minerais de cimento e/ou de cal). Permite tamb&eacute;m observar e caracterizar as microfissuras presentes. Reconstitui&ccedil;&atilde;o de tra&ccedil;o a partir da an&aacute;lise qu&iacute;mica da argamassa: obtem-se a rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aglomerante(s)/agregado e a identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o do tipo de aglomerante, que &eacute; solubilizado em meio &aacute;cido. Ensaios qu&iacute;micos espec&iacute;ficos podem ser executados para identificar a presen&ccedil;a de sais sol&uacute;veis e de aditivos modificadores de propriedades, incorporados na produ&ccedil;&atilde;o das argamassas. Descri&ccedil;&atilde;o do agregado com aux&iacute;lio da microscopia &oacute;ptica, podendo se associar &agrave; an&aacute;lise granulom&eacute;trica: fornece a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o do agregado, quanto &agrave; cor, forma, natureza e granulometria. O acesso &agrave;s informa&ccedil;&otilde;es hist&oacute;ricas da edifica&ccedil;&atilde;o pelo laborat&oacute;rio &eacute; fundamental para a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o das argamassas, pois serve de balizamento para a interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o dos resultados. A interpreta&ccedil;&atilde;o conjunta dos resultados dessas an&aacute;lises permite, em geral, corroborar a precis&atilde;o dos dados de reconstitui&ccedil;&atilde;o do tra&ccedil;o da argamassa original, bem como inferir indica&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre t&eacute;cnicas construtivas, &eacute;poca da constru&ccedil;&atilde;o, a fonte do agregado e informa&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre poss&iacute;veis interven&ccedil;&otilde;es que possam ter ocorrido ao longo do tempo, auxiliando na arqueometria da constru&ccedil;&atilde;o. Em casos espec&iacute;ficos, a metodologia aplicada no IPT permite identificar o s&iacute;tio geol&oacute;gico que forneceu o agregado da argamassa original. No entanto, cabe ressaltar que embora a caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o da argamassa original seja importante, &eacute; apenas um dos aspectos a ser considerado no restauro de edif&iacute;cios de valor hist&oacute;rico, em que h&aacute; necessidade de reposi&ccedil;&atilde;o parcial do revestimento de argamassa das fachadas.Tópico 4: Morteros de cal, materiales cálcicos y cementíceos
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