Detection of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of growth and fatness data from a three-generation experimental cross between Meishan (MS) and Large White (LW) pig breeds is presented. Six boars and 23 F1 sows, the progeny of six LW boars and six MS sows, produced 530 F2 males and 573 F2 females. Nine growth traits, i.e. body weight at birth and at 3, 10, 13, 17 and 22 weeks of age, average daily gain from birth to 3 weeks, from 3 to 10 weeks and from 10 to 22 weeks of age, as well as backfat thickness at 13, 17 and 22 weeks of age and at 40 and 60 kg live weight were analysed. Animals were typed for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were performed using two interval mapping methods: a line-cross (LC) regression method where founder lines were assumed to be fixed for different QTL alleles and a half-/full-sib (HFS) maximum likelihood method where allele substitution effects were estimated within each half-/full-sib family. Both methods revealed highly significant gene effects for growth on chromosomes 1, 4 and 7 and for backfat thickness on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7 and X, and significant gene effects on chromosome 6 for growth and backfat thickness. Suggestive QTLs were also revealed by both methods on chromosomes 2 and 3 for growth and 2 for backfat thickness. Significant gene effects were detected for growth on chromosomes 11, 13, 14, 16 and 18 and for backfat thickness on chromosome 8, 10, 13 and 14. LW alleles were associated with high growth rate and low backfat thickness, except for those of chromosome 7 and to a lesser extent early-growth alleles on chromosomes 1 and 2 and backfat thickness alleles on chromosome 6

Strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema: the European Vitreo-Retinal Society macular edema study

Objective. To compare the efficacy of different therapies in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Design. Nonrandomized, multicenter clinical study. Participants. 86 retina specialists from 29 countries provided clinical information on 2,603 patients with macular edema including 870 patients with DME. Methods. Reported data included the type and number of treatment(s) performed, the pre-and posttreatment visual acuities, and other clinical findings.The results were analyzed by the French INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). Main Outcome Measures. Mean change of visual acuity and mean number of treatments performed. Results.The change in visual acuity over time in response to each treatment was plotted in second order polynomial regression trend lines. Intravitreal triamcinolone monotherapy resulted in some improvement in vision. Treatmentwith threshold or subthreshold grid laser also resulted in minimal vision gain. Anti-VEGF therapy resulted in more significant visual improvement. Treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling alone resulted in an improvement in vision greater than that observed with anti-VEGF injection alone. In our DME study, treatment with vitrectomy and ILM peeling alone resulted in the better visual improvement compared to other therapies

Apports actuels et futurs des marqueurs génétiques dans l’amélioration des populations animales. Les contrôles de filiation dans les populations

Le contrôle de filiation est utilisé par les organismes en charge de l’amélioration génétique des espèces d’élevage. Il permet de contrôler l’exactitude des généalogies enregistrées dans les fichiers des chaînes nationales d’identification. Il est réalisé en comparant les hémotypes des trois membres (père, mère, produit) des familles contrôlées. Les analyses comportent un grand nombre de tests immunologiques et biochimiques conférant au contrôle de filiation une grande efficacité dans la détection des familles erronées

Strategy for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema: The European Vitreo-Retinal Society Macular Edema Study

Objective. To compare the efficacy of different therapies in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Design. Nonrandomized, multicenter clinical study. Participants. 86 retina specialists from 29 countries provided clinical information on 2,603 patients with macular edema including 870 patients with DME. Methods. Reported data included the type and number of treatment(s) performed, the pre- and posttreatment visual acuities, and other clinical findings. The results were analyzed by the French INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). Main Outcome Measures. Mean change of visual acuity and mean number of treatments performed. Results. The change in visual acuity over time in response to each treatment was plotted in second order polynomial regression trend lines. Intravitreal triamcinolone monotherapy resulted in some improvement in vision. Treatment with threshold or subthreshold grid laser also resulted in minimal vision gain. Anti-VEGF therapy resulted in more significant visual improvement. Treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling alone resulted in an improvement in vision greater than that observed with anti-VEGF injection alone. In our DME study, treatment with vitrectomy and ILM peeling alone resulted in the better visual improvement compared to other therapies

Utilisation de marqueurs génétiques en sélection : les activités de Labogena

National audienceLe diagnostic génétique appliqué à la sélection animale n’est pas récent, mais des progrès fantastiques ont été réalisés ces dernières années grâce à l’émergence des techniques de biologie moléculaire. L’évolution du nombre d’analyses réalisées par LABOGENA, 45 000 en 1988 pour plus de 100 000 en 1998, est bien la preuve de cet essor. Si deux tiers des activités demeurent traditionnelles, 30 % sont réalisées grâce aux marqueurs de l’ADN et la tendance va encore s’accentuer. La biologie moléculaire permet de réaliser des progrès et d’augmenter les possibilités de diagnostic : les supports biologiques utilisables sont nombreux (sang, poil, peau, viande, embryon, sperme …) ; l’émergence de nouveaux marqueurs polymorphes comme les marqueurs microsatellites de l’ADN permet l’identification et le contrôle de filiations pour de nouvelles espèces (Porc, Chien, Turbot …) ; les diagnostics peuvent être réalisés très précocement par l’analyse directe des variations des gènes impliqués (exemple de la qualité fromagère du lait déterminée sur les futurs reproducteurs mâles) ; les pathologies d’origine génétique peuvent être recherchées par les mutations causales (hyperthermie maligne, tremblante …). Ces informations sur les génotypes aident les sélectionneurs à définir leurs stratégies et permettent d’assurer une bonne gestion des reproducteurs et des populations animales

Détection de locus à effets quantitatifs dans le croisement entre les races porcines Large White et Meishan : résultats et perspectives

Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-AccessNational audienc