De Sortes van Astrampsychus. Een orakelboek uit de Oudheid bewerkt voor het Middelbaar Onderwijs

Papyrologie in contex

Electrical Characterization of Submicrometer Silicon Devices by Cross-Sectional Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

Two contact mode atomic force microscopic (AFM) techniques under ambient conditions are presented for the electrical evaluation of cross sectioned silicon devices. In the first technique, a conductive AFM tip is used as a voltage probe to determine the local potential distribution on the cross section of a silicon device under operation. The electrical potential is measured simultaneously with the surface topography with nanometer resolution and mV accuracy, offering an easy way of correlating topographic and electrical features. A second method, nanometer spreading resistance profiling (nano-SRP), performs localized spreading resistance measurements to determine the spatial distribution of charge carriers in silicon structures. The conversion of the resistance profiles into charge carrier profiles as well as the applied correction factors are discussed in more detail. Both methods are used to map electrical characteristics of state-of-the-art silicon structures

3D Quantification of Ultrasound Images: Application to Mouse Embryo Imaging In Vivo

International audienceHigh frequency ultrasound imaging has become an effective tool for anatomical mice studies. This work is focused on 3D quantification of mouse embryo development to extract pertinent information of its evolution. A series of B-Scan ultrasound images was acquired at different spatial positions along the embryo. A 3D deformable model was used to segment the images. A pregnant female mouse at embryonic day 14.5 was imaged with an ATL HDI 5000, 7-15MHz linear array. The probe was moved by a step by step motor along the abdomen of the mouse. 3D segmentation results are presented including volume quantification of the embryo

Wafer-Scale, Sub-5 nm Junction Formation by Monolayer Doping and Conventional Spike Annealing

We report the formation of sub-5 nm ultrashallow junctions in 4 inch Si wafers enabled by the molecular monolayer doping of phosphorous and boron atoms and the use of conventional spike annealing. The junctions are characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry and non-contact sheet resistance measurements. It is found that the majority (~70%) of the incorporated dopants are electrically active, therefore, enabling a low sheet resistance for a given dopant areal dose. The wafer-scale uniformity is investigated and found to be limited by the temperature homogeneity of the spike anneal tool used in the experiments. Notably, minimal junction leakage currents (<1 uA/cm2) are observed which highlights the quality of the junctions formed by this process. The results clearly demonstrate the versatility and potency of the monolayer doping approach for enabling controlled, molecular-scale ultrashallow junction formation without introducing defects in the semiconductor.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

‘Better late than never’: the interplay between green technology and age for firm growth

This paper investigates the relationship between green/non-green technologies and firm growth. By combining the literature on eco-innovations, industrial organisation and entrepreneurial studies, we examine the dependence of this relationship on the pace at which firms grow and the age of the firm. From a dataset of 5498 manufacturing firms in Italy for the period of 2000–2008, longitudinal fixed effects quantile models are estimated, in which the firm’s age is set to moderate the effects of green and non-green patents on employment growth. We find that the positive effect of green technologies on growth is greater than that of non-green technologies. However, this result does not apply to struggling and rapidly growing firms. With fast-growing (above the median) firms, age moderates the growth effect of green technologies. Inconsistent with the extant literature, this moderation effect is positive: firm experience appears important for the growth benefits of green technologies, possibly relative to the complexity of their management

Innovation, low energy buildings and intermediaries in Europe: systematic case study review

As buildings throughout their lifecycle account for circa 40% of total energy use in Europe, reducing energy use of the building stock is a key task. This task is, however, complicated by a range of factors, including slow renewal and renovation rates of buildings, multiple non- coordinated actors, conservative building practices, and limited competence to innovate. Drawing from academic literature published during 2005-2015, this article carries out a systematic review of case studies on low energy innovations in the European residential building sector, analysing their drivers. Specific attention is paid to intermediary actors in facilitating innovation processes and creating new opportunities. The study finds that qualitative case study literature on low energy building innovation has been limited, particularly regarding the existing building stock. Environmental concerns, EU, national and local policies have been the key drivers; financial, knowledge and social sustainability and equity drivers have been of modest importance; while design, health and comfort, and market drivers have played a minor role. Intermediary organisations and individuals have been important through five processes: (1) facilitating individual building projects, (2) creating niche markets, (3) implementing new practices in social housing stock, (4) supporting new business model creation, and (5) facilitating building use post construction. The intermediaries have included both public and private actors, while local authority agents have acted as intermediaries in several cases

Alliances and the innovation performance of corporate and public research spin-off firms

We explore the innovation performance benefits of alliances for spin-off firms, in particular spin-offs either from other firms or from public research organizations. During the early years of the emerging combinatorial chemistry industry, the industry on which our empirical analysis focuses, spin-offs engaged in alliances with large and established partners, partners of similar type and size, and with public research organizations, often for different reasons. We seek to understand to what extent alliances of spin-offs with other firms (either large- or small- and medium-sized firms) affected their innovation performance and also how this performance may have been affected by their corporate or public research background. We find evidence that in general alliances of spin-offs with other firms, in particular alliances with large firms, increased their innovation performance. Corporate spin-offs that formed alliances with other firms outperformed public research spin-offs with such alliances. This suggests that, in terms of their innovation performance, corporate spin-offs that engaged in alliances with other firms seemed to have benefitted from their prior corporate background. Interestingly, it turns out that the negative impact of alliances on the innovation performance of public research spin-offs was largely affected by their alliances with small- and medium-sized firms