External calcium and cAMP effects on SK3 channel regulation in breast cancer cells

Nous avons montré un rôle d’un canal K+, le canal SK3, dans la migration des cellules cancéreuses de sein MDA-MB-435s et le développement de métastases ostéolytiques du cancer du sein. Lors de l’ostéolyse, la [Ca²+]ext augmente dans le microenvironnement osseux. Nous avons voulu déterminer si cette élévation de [Ca²+]ext, pouvait moduler l’expression et l’activité du canal SK3. Nous avons montré que l’augmentation de la [Ca²+]ext: i) favorise l’expression du canal SK3. Cet effet fait intervenir le récepteur au calcium (CaSR), qui en diminuant la [AMPc]int réduit l’activité de la PKA et lève ainsi son inhibition de la transcription du gène KCNN3 (codant pour SK3) ; ii) favorise la migration cellulaire dépendante du canal SK3, mécanisme impliquant également le CaSR ; iii) active le canal SK3 qui, par ailleurs, voit son activité réduite par l’élévation d’AMPc intracellulaire. De plus, l’augmentation d’AMPc délocalise un canal calcique partenaire de SK3, le canal Orai1, et diminue l’entrée constitutive de Ca²+ et la migration dépendantes du canal SK3. En conclusion, nos résultats montrent que l’expression et l’activité de SK3 sont régulées par l’AMPc et le Ca2+ extracellulaire. Ceci permet d’envisager une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique ciblant l’AMPc pour le traitement des métastases osseuses du cancer du sein.We showed that a K+ channel, SK3 channel, is a mediator of MDA-MB-435s breast cancer cells migration and of osteolytic bone metastasis development of breast cancer. Since [Ca²+]out rises during osteolysis, in bone microenvironment, we study if this [Ca²+]out elevation could modulate SK3 expression and activity. We show that [Ca²+]out elevation: i) increases SK3 expression threw CaSR activation which, in turn, decreases [cAMP]int and PKA activation, leading to loss of its inhibitory effect on KCNN3 transcription; ii) increases SK3-dependent migration threw CaSR activation; iii) increases SK3 channel activity that is in addition, decreased by [cAMP]int elevation. Furthermore, cAMP elevation moves the Ca2+ channel Orai1 (SK3 partner) outside of lipid rafts and reduces the SK3 dependent-constitutive Ca²+ entry and cell migration. Our results show that both SK3 expression and activity are regulated by cAMP and extracellular Ca²+. These results underscore an innovative opportunity to use therapeutic approaches targeting cAMP for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis

cAMP–PKA inhibition of SK3 channel reduced both Ca2+ entry and cancer cell migration by regulation of SK3–Orai1 complex

International audienc

Pivotal Role of the Lipid Raft SK3-Orai1 Complex in Human Cancer Cell Migration and Bone Metastases.

International audience: The SK3 channel, a potassium channel, was recently shown to control cancer cell migration, a critical step in metastasis outgrowth. Here, we report that expression of the SK3 channel was markedly associated with bone metastasis. The SK3 channel was shown to control constitutive Ca(2+) entry and cancer cell migration through an interaction with the Ca(2+) channel Orai1. We found that the SK3 channel triggers an association with the Orai1 channel within lipid rafts. This localization of an SK3-Orai1 complex seemed essential to control cancer cell migration. This suggests that the formation of this complex in lipid rafts is a gain-of-function, because we showed that none of the individual proteins were able to promote the complete phenotype. We identified the alkyl-lipid Ohmline as a disrupting agent for SK3-Orai1 lipid raft localization. Upon Ohmline treatment, the SK3-Orai1 complex moved away from lipid rafts, and SK3-dependent Ca(2+) entry, migration, and bone metastases were subsequently impaired. The colocalization of SK3 and Orai1 in primary human tumors and bone metastases further emphasized the clinical relevance of our observations. Targeting SK3-Orai1 in lipid rafts may inaugurate innovative approaches to inhibit bone metastases. Cancer Res; 73(15); 1-10. ©2013 AACR

Anthraquinone emodin inhibits human cancer cell invasiveness by antagonizing P2X7 receptors

The adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-gated Ca2+-permeable channel P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is strongly upregulated in many tumors and cancer cells, and has an important role in cancer cell invasion associated with metastases. Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is an anthraquinone derivative originally isolated from Rheum officinale Baill known for decades to possess anticancer properties. In this study, we examined the effects of emodin on P2X7R-dependent Ca2+signaling, extracellular matrix degradation, and in vitro and in vivo cancer cell invasiveness using highly aggressive human cancer cells. Inclusion of emodin at doses ≤10 μM in cell culture had no or very mild effect on the cell viability. ATP elicited increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration were reduced by 35 and 60% by 1 and 10 μM emodin, respectively. Emodin specifically inhibited P2X7R-mediated currents with an IC50 of 3 μM and did not inhibit the currents mediated by the other human P2x receptors heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. ATPinduced increase in gelatinolytic activity, in cancer cell invasiveness in vitro and in cell morphology changes were prevented by 1 μM emodin. Furthermore, such ATP-evoked effects and inhibition by emodin were almost completely ablated in cancer cells transfected with P2X7R-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)but not with scrambled siRNA. Finally, the in vivo invasiveness of the P2X7R-positive MDA-MB-435s breast cancer cells, assessed using a zebrafish model of micrometastases, was suppressed by 40 and 50% by 1 and 10 μM emodin. Taken together, these results provide consistent evidence to indicate that emodin inhibits human cancer cell invasiveness by specifically antagonizing the P2X7R