Evaluation of the Hamilton City Council plants for Gullies programme

This evaluation found that the Hamilton City Council Plants for Gullies programme is successfully facilitating the restoration and enhancement of Hamilton City gullies by private gully owners. The mean number of native species in surveyed gullies was 2.1 in non-restored sites and 18.4 in restored sites. While the mean number of invasive species was 4.1 in non-restored sites to 2.6 in restored sites. This quantitative measure is a valuable indication of the ecosystem gains for Hamilton City. Hamilton gully owners are very satisfied with the Plants for Gullies programme; the mean satisfaction rating was 8.9 out of 10. These residents dedicate significant time and energy to restoring their gully sections; the mean time contribution of survey participants was 10.3 hours per month. Gully owners were found to be utilising knowledge acquired through participation in the programme to add valuable diversity to their gully ecosystems. This was repeatedly demonstrated by programme participants not only reintroducing the native plants supplied by the programme but also adding large quantities of privately-sourced plants. This investigation found that the Plants for Gullies and Gully Restoration programmes are effective in communicating key ecological restoration concepts. This was reflected by gully owner prioritisation of eco-sourcing, biodiversity and weed control as considerations in their restoration projects. The Gully Restoration Guide was found to be the most valuable component of the programme’s educational tools. However, it is recommended that this resource is updated to support the many gully owners who require information for advanced stages of ecological restoration. In summary, the Plants for Gullies programme is successfully delivering gully restoration assistance and advice to gully owners, which is resulting in significant improvements to Hamilton City’s gully systems. The programme is valued by all who are involved and could be recommended to other New Zealand cities as an effective model for environmental restoration and community engagement

Open Access and the REF: Issues and Potential Solutions Workshop

This report provides a summary of the discussion and findings of the Open Access and the REF: Issues and Potential Solutions workshop held as part of the End-to-End Project. The workshop was highly interactive and feedback received indicated it was considered an excellent event, and that it was vital and useful to bring together various key stakeholders to discuss problems and procedures and develop ideas

Open Access and the REF: Issues and Potential Solutions Workshop: Executive Summary

This report provides a summary of the discussion and findings of the Open Access and the REF: Issues and Potential Solutions workshop held as part of the End-to-End Project. The workshop was highly interactive and feedback received indicated it was considered an excellent event, and that it was vital and useful to bring together various key stakeholders to discuss problems and procedures and develop ideas

Psychology, behaviour, and the family environment in children with diagnoses of precocious pubertal development

The aim of the thesis was to identify whether children with a diagnosis of Premature Adrenarche (PA) or Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) presented with an atypical psychological profile in comparison to typically-developing children. A battery of psychometrics was constructed to study several domains, including eating behaviour, self-perception and intellectual ability. Measures of family environment and parental stress were also included. In addition, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on five interviews with parents to gain a greater insight into the experience of parenting a child with a diagnosis of early puberty. It was found that several differences between groups, such as weight gain, internalising behaviours and sleep problems, could be attributed to hormonal or behavioural changes typically associated with pubertal development across all groups. Other observations were specific to the pubertal disorders, such as risk of obesity, problem eating behaviours, anxiety and depression, and aggression. Furthermore, being from a family with a single-parent or non-parent care-giver, and increased family stress were related to earlier pubertal development. In summary, children with a diagnosis of PA or CPP may be more likely to display altered behaviour and psychopathology, but some of these difficulties may also occur in typical pubertal development

Investigation into the pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5

Mutations in SPTBN2, the gene encoding b-III spectrin, give rise to spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor incoordination and cerebellar degeneration. The work reported in this thesis addressed possible mechanisms of disease pathogenesis using genetically modified mice lacking b-III spectrin (b-III-/-) and also investigated the normal function of b-III spectrin through identification of proteins that interact with its amino-terminus. Targeted recombination was successful in eliminating expression of full-length b-III spectrin but b-III spectrin lacking exons 2-6 ( 2-6 b-III spectrin) was found to be present at a low level in b-III-/- spectrin mice. To ascertain whether the novel truncated protein had any obvious gain-of-function or adverse property that would complicate analysis of b-III-/- spectrin mice the aberrant transcript 2-6 b-III spectrin was cloned and a number of in vitro experiments carried out. Protein stability, solubility, cellular localization, and functional assays indicated 2-6 b-III spectrin was less functional than full-length b-III spectrin, confirming the b-III-/- spectrin mouse could be considered a functional knockout.Analysis of b-III-/- spectrin mice revealed that from 18-weeks of age hind limb gait became progressively wider than age-matched wild-type (WT) controls and three behavioural tests (stationary rod, rotarod, and elevated beam) demonstrated a progressive impairment in motor performance and coordination. 3-week old b-III-/- spectrin mice performed worse on the rotating rod than age-matched controls but their performance at 3- and 5-rpm improved with consecutive days of testing. Only at 10-rpm did young b-III-/- spectrin mice fail to improve, whereas 6-month old b-III-/- spectrin mice were unable to stay on the rod even at 3-rpm. The ability to balance on a stationary rod was also worse at 6-months of age and the number of hindlimb slips made by b-III-/- spectrin mice on the elevated beam increased from 12-weeks of age. This progressive motor phenotype mirrors symptoms seen in SCA5 patients. In contrast heterozygous mice (b-III+/-) were shown not to develop an ataxic phenotype or display cerebellar degeneration, even at 2-years of age. Cell culture studies using one mutation (L253P) associated with SCA5 revealed that it interfered with protein trafficking from the Golgi apparatus and had a dominant-negative effect on WT function. Incubation at a lower temperature resulted in L253P b-III spectrin reaching the plasma membrane suggesting an altered protein conformation was responsible for the protein trafficking defect. The intracellular accumulation of proteins at the Golgi did not initiate the unfolded protein response. From this work it was concluded that the b-III-/- spectrin mouse is a new model of cerebellar ataxia and loss of b-III spectrin function underlies SCA5 pathogenesis. The results argued against haploinsufficiency and instead suggested disease-causing mutations have dominantnegative effects on WT function and indicate a deficit of cell membrane proteins could participate in SCA5 pathogenesis. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen the amino terminus of b-III spectrin was found to interact with the carboxy-terminus of prosaposin (a neurotrophic factor) and clathrin light chain. The interactions were confirmed in mammalian cells suggesting neurite outgrowth and movement of membrane vesicles may be normal functions of b-III spectrin

The relationship between sleep and daytime behaviour in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This volume includes three chapters, the first of which is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of insomnia in clinical and non-clinical populations of children and adolescents. The second chapter is an empirical paper exploring the relationship between sleep problems and daytime challenging behaviour in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The final chapter is a document summarising chapters one and two for the purpose of public dissemination

Taranaki Biodiversity Priorities Forum discussion report

On February 26th 2016 the Taranaki Biodiversity forum for regional priority setting was attended by around 75 people who represented Taranaki Biodiversity Trust members and interested parties. The objective of the forum was to identify priority areas for, and approaches to, the protection and enhancement of native biodiversity in the Taranaki region on a landscape scale. These priorities will inform and direct the work of the Taranaki Biodiversity Trust members. The forum discussions were framed by the four following focus questions and responses were analysed using a basic framework analysis. 1. What are our priority places/locations in Taranaki? 2. What types of ecosystems are a priority in Taranaki? 3. Where and how can we make connections? 4. Project ideas The number of recorded responses for each question ranged from 28 to 96 with many common themes. The key recommendation from analysis of these responses is that the Taranaki Biodiversity Trust coordinates a regional, collaborative project that protects and enhances native biodiversity in a range of ecosystems, links existing projects across the landscape, and connects with local people and communities

Twitter communication of the UK public on dental health and care during a COVID lockdown : "My kingdom for a dentist"

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Acute involution in the tammar wallaby : identification of genes and putative novel milk proteins implicated in mammary gland function

AbstractMarsupials provide a suitable alternative model to studying mammary gland involution. They have evolved a different reproductive strategy from eutherians, giving birth to an altricial young and secreting milk that changes in composition during lactation. In this study, we used a marsupial-specific EST microarray to identify 47 up-regulated genes during mammary gland involution in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). These include the pro-apoptotic tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily 21 (TNFRSF21) gene, whose expression in the mammary gland has not previously been reported. Genes encoding putative novel milk proteins which may protect the mammary gland from infection were also found to be up-regulated, such as amiloride binding protein 1 (ABP1), complement component 1QB (C1QB), complement component 4A (C4A) and colony stimulating factor 2 receptor β (CSF2Rβ). Our results show that the marsupial reproductive strategy was successfully exploited to identify genes and putative novel milk proteins implicated in mammary gland involution