Learning Occupational Task-Shares Dynamics for the Future of Work

The recent wave of AI and automation has been argued to differ from previous General Purpose Technologies (GPTs), in that it may lead to rapid change in occupations' underlying task requirements and persistent technological unemployment. In this paper, we apply a novel methodology of dynamic task shares to a large dataset of online job postings to explore how exactly occupational task demands have changed over the past decade of AI innovation, especially across high, mid and low wage occupations. Notably, big data and AI have risen significantly among high wage occupations since 2012 and 2016, respectively. We built an ARIMA model to predict future occupational task demands and showcase several relevant examples in Healthcare, Administration, and IT. Such task demands predictions across occupations will play a pivotal role in retraining the workforce of the future.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables, Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES), 202

Signatures of helical jets

Observational signatures of helical jets can be found in some X-ray binaries (XRB), planetary nebulae, Herbig-Haro objects and in jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN). For the prototypical XRB SS433 a kinematic model of precessing jets has been applied very successfully and yielded a determination of its distance which is independent of conventional methods. In galactic jets precession appears to be the predominant mechanism for the production of observed helical signatures. In extragalactic jets other mechanisms seem to be similarly frequent. As a result of their strong dependence on the direction of motion with respect to the observer, special relativistic effects can be pronounced in helical jets. These have to be taken into account in AGN-jets and the newly discovered galactic sources which show apparent superluminal motion. Since the galactic superluminal jets are located in a binary system, jet precession is very likely in these sources. In this paper I review the main structural and kinematic signatures of helical jets and briefly mention the physical mechanisms behind them. I will present kinematic simulations of relativistic jets which are helically bent or have an internal helical flow field.Comment: Contribution to the proceedings of a workshop on 'Relativistic Jets in X-ray binaries" held in Jodrell Bank, UK, 1996; to be published in 'Vistas in Astronomy

Interaction of radio jets with clouds in the ambient medium: Numerical simulations

Hydrodynamical simulations of jets interacting with clouds moving in the ambient medium of the host galaxy are presented. Clouds with sizes of the order of the jet diameter and smaller, crossing the path of the jet with different speeds are considered. In the case of slow moving clouds the jet is stopped over the brief period of time taken by the cloud to cross the jet. The jet maintains its general morphology in the case of fast moving clouds. Erosion of the clouds leads to redistribution of cloud material to large distances. Such interaction may explain the large outflow velocities observed from pc to kpc scales in the compact radio sources.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of "The 4th CSS/GPS Workshop

Determinants of left ventricular mass in obesity; a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Obesity is linked to increased left ventricular mass, an independent predictor of mortality. As a result of this, understanding the determinants of left ventricular mass in the setting of obesity has both therapeutic and prognostic implications. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance our goal was to elucidate the main predictors of left ventricular mass in severely obese subjects free of additional cardiovascular risk factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>38 obese (BMI 37.8 ± 6.9 kg/m²) and 16 normal weight controls subjects, (BMI 21.7 ± 1.8 kg/m²), all without cardiovascular risk factors, underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess left ventricular mass, left ventricular volumes and visceral fat mass. Left ventricular mass was then compared to serum and anthropometric markers of obesity linked to left ventricular mass, i.e. height, age, blood pressure, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, lean mass, serum leptin and fasting insulin level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>As expected, obesity was associated with significantly increased left ventricular mass (126 ± 27 vs 90 ± 20 g; p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that over 75% of the cross sectional variation in left ventricular mass can be explained by lean body mass (β = 0.51, p < 0.001), LV stroke volume (β = 0.31 p = 0.001) and abdominal visceral fat mass (β = 0.20, p = 0.02), all of which showed highly significant independent associations with left ventricular mass (overall R²= 0.77).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The left ventricular hypertrophic response to obesity in the absence of additional cardiovascular risk factors is mainly attributable to increases in lean body mass, LV stroke volume and visceral fat mass. In view of the well documented link between obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality, these findings have potentially important prognostic and therapeutic implications for primary and secondary prevention.</p

When are prime formulae characteristic?

In the setting of the modal logic that characterizes modal refinement over modal transition systems, Boudol and Larsen showed that the formulae for which model checking can be reduced to preorder checking, that is, the characteristic formulae, are exactly the consistent and prime ones. This paper presents general, sufficient conditions guaranteeing that characteristic formulae are exactly the consistent and prime ones. It is shown that the given conditions apply to the logics characterizing all the semantics in van Glabbeek's branching-time spectrum

Steady state entanglement of two coupled qubits

The maximum entanglement between two coupled qubits in the steady state under two independent incoherent sources of excitation is reported. Asymmetric configurations where one qubit is excited while the other one dissipates the excitation are optimal for entanglement, reaching values three times larger than with thermal sources. The reason is the purification of the steady state mixture (that includes a Bell state) thanks to the saturation of the pumped qubit. Photon antibunching between the cross emission of the qubits can be used to experimentally evidence the large degrees of entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Life after charge noise: recent results with transmon qubits

We review the main theoretical and experimental results for the transmon, a superconducting charge qubit derived from the Cooper pair box. The increased ratio of the Josephson to charging energy results in an exponential suppression of the transmon's sensitivity to 1/f charge noise. This has been observed experimentally and yields homogeneous broadening, negligible pure dephasing, and long coherence times of up to 3 microseconds. Anharmonicity of the energy spectrum is required for qubit operation, and has been proven to be sufficient in transmon devices. Transmons have been implemented in a wide array of experiments, demonstrating consistent and reproducible results in very good agreement with theory.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Review article, accepted for publication in Quantum Inf. Pro

Generation of Three-Qubit Entangled States using Superconducting Phase Qubits

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so experimentally creating and measuring entangled states is of crucial importance in the various physical implementations of a quantum computer. In superconducting qubits, two-qubit entangled states have been demonstrated and used to show violations of Bell's Inequality and to implement simple quantum algorithms. Unlike the two-qubit case, however, where all maximally-entangled two-qubit states are equivalent up to local changes of basis, three qubits can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways, typified by the states $|\mathrm{GHZ}> = (|000> + |111>)/\sqrt{2}$ and $|\mathrm{W}> = (|001> + |010> + |100>)/\sqrt{3}$. Here we demonstrate the operation of three coupled superconducting phase qubits and use them to create and measure $|\mathrm{GHZ}>$ and $|\mathrm{W}>$ states. The states are fully characterized using quantum state tomography and are shown to satisfy entanglement witnesses, confirming that they are indeed examples of three-qubit entanglement and are not separable into mixtures of two-qubit entanglement.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. Version 2: added supplementary information and fixed image distortion in Figure 2

Preparation and Measurement of Three-Qubit Entanglement in a Superconducting Circuit

Traditionally, quantum entanglement has played a central role in foundational discussions of quantum mechanics. The measurement of correlations between entangled particles can exhibit results at odds with classical behavior. These discrepancies increase exponentially with the number of entangled particles. When entanglement is extended from just two quantum bits (qubits) to three, the incompatibilities between classical and quantum correlation properties can change from a violation of inequalities involving statistical averages to sign differences in deterministic observations. With the ample confirmation of quantum mechanical predictions by experiments, entanglement has evolved from a philosophical conundrum to a key resource for quantum-based technologies, like quantum cryptography and computation. In particular, maximal entanglement of more than two qubits is crucial to the implementation of quantum error correction protocols. While entanglement of up to 3, 5, and 8 qubits has been demonstrated among spins, photons, and ions, respectively, entanglement in engineered solid-state systems has been limited to two qubits. Here, we demonstrate three-qubit entanglement in a superconducting circuit, creating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with fidelity of 88%, measured with quantum state tomography. Several entanglement witnesses show violation of bi-separable bounds by 830\pm80%. Our entangling sequence realizes the first step of basic quantum error correction, namely the encoding of a logical qubit into a manifold of GHZ-like states using a repetition code. The integration of encoding, decoding and error-correcting steps in a feedback loop will be the next milestone for quantum computing with integrated circuits.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, and Supplementary Information (4 figures)