Compreensão das características fisiopatológicas da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em relação a senescência: uma revisão de literatura

Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença prevalente nos diversos âmbitos sociais e devido ao processo de envelhecimento natural do organismo, os idosos são mais propensos a adquirir essa doença. Objetivo: compreender as principais características relatadas na Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em associação ao processo fisiológico de envelhecimento, evidenciando, portanto, a importância do controle de fatores de risco evitáveis. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por proporcionar uma síntese dos resultados obtidos através de pesquisas publicadas. Para direcionar a pesquisa, adotou-se como pergunta norteadora: “Quais as principais características associadas entre a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e a senescência?" Para construção da pesquisa, a coleta e análise de dados foi realizada através do Portal da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e das bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online via PubMed e Google Acadêmico através dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica”, “Senescência” e “Sintomas locais” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND com seus respectivos correspondentes no Mesh Terms. Discussão: Segundo dados das Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013, aproximadamente 22% da população considerava-se portador de HA, sendo que indivíduos em uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos e com pressão arterial ≥ 140 por 90 mmHg superou a média de 33%. Por certo, pacientes mais idosos contam com uma maior rigidez arterial, atuando como a principal condição predisponente para elevação da pressão arterial. Conclusão: Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, há a prevalência e incidência maior de doenças progressivas, como a hipertensão arterial. Com isso, é essencial conduzir o devido conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco da HAS para a população, em especial os idosos, a fim de destacar a importância da prevenção e estimular o tratamento da pessoa idosa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estudo das propriedades ópticas do MEH-PPV induzidas por luz azul.

Neste trabalho, as propriedades ópticas do poli[2-metóxi,5-(2’etil-hexiloxi)-p- fenilenovinileno] - MEH-PPV foram estudadas sob efeito da luz azul (460 nm). Foi observado que existe uma resposta desse polímero na região dovisível, que cobre a região de absorção da bilirrubina (350 – 500 nm) e potencializa o uso desse material para sensoriamento de doses de radiação prescritas para o tratamento da icterícia neonatal, uma das razões mais comuns para que recém-nascidos recebam alta tardiamente em hospitais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o MEH-PPV apresenta uma mudança de cor do vermelho-alaranjado para o incolor, passando por diversas tonalidades de amarelo, bem como alterações nos espectros de absorção e fotoluminescência em função do tempo de exposição à radiação. Outra característica observada foi que a taxa de variaçãodessas mudanças é alterada por meio da manipulação da concentração da solução polimérica, através do enriquecimento das mesmas com oxigênio (O 2 ) e seqüestradores de radicais livres, devido à principalmente, a processos de fotoxidação, i. e., devido a quebra de ligações vinílicas (C=C) e incorporação de carbonilas (C=O) na cadeia polimérica principal. A relação entre a dose e mudança de cor, absorção e fotoemissão do MEH-PPV foram usadas como princípio de operação de detectores de acúmulo de dose de radiação para aplicações no monitoramento da fototerapia de luz azul. Por fim, com base nos resultados experimentais obtidos,foi realizado um estudo teórico sobre o comportamento óptico do MEH-PPV e do PPV através dasimulação computacional com os métodos PM3 e DFT. Além disso, foi proposta uma explicação do efeito da radiação sobre as propriedades ópticas desses materiais, a fim de colaborar para a compreensão dos processos de degradação envolvidos nesses sistemas e para a investigação e controle do efeito dos mecanismos envolvidos e, desta forma, contribuir para otimização dos detectores de radiação e demais dispositivos eletrônicos à base de MEH-PPV.In this work we investigated the optical behavior of poly[2-metoxy-5(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) under the effect of blue-light (460 nm). There is a visible response of this polymer that covers the electronic absorption of bilirubin (350 – 500 nm), and hence this material is applicable for manages the radiation doses planning before treatment of jaundice of neonates, which is one of the most common reasons of hospital readmission of newborns infants. The results show that the material presents gradations of color from orange-red to yellow clearly and changes on the absorption and photoluminescent spectra with the radiation exposure time. The rate of these changes can be altered by manipulations of organic solution concentration, solvent and enrichment with O2 and suppresses the formation of free radical species during the irradiation process, mainly caused by the replacement of vinyl double bonds by carbonyl groups on the polymer backbone. The relation between the radiation doses,and the changes of color, absorption and photoemission of MEH-PPV were used to develop a blue-light dosimeter which indicates the dose accumulation in management of neonatal jaundice treatment. Finally, based on experimental results, we have theoretical analyses of the MEH-PPV and PPV optical behavior employing PM3 and DFT methods. Moreover, an explanation regarding to the relation between radiation doses and the changes of the MEH-PPV optical properties were developed and proposed in order to understand the mechanisms of degradation process and to optimize the radiation detectors and related organic devices

Polímeros luminescentes como sensores de radiação não ionizante : aplicação em fototerapia neonatal.

Neste trabalho foram observadas mudanças nas propriedades de emissão e de absorção de soluções de poli[2-metoxi-5-(2’etil-hexiloxi)-p-fenilenovinileno] – MEH-PPV com a exposição à radiação na região espectral do visível na faixa de 425 a 500 nm. Os resultados demonstram a possibilidade do uso de sistemas luminescentes como elemento ativo de detectores de radiação não ionizante, sobretudo na região empregada na profilaxia e no tratamento fototerápico da hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal.In this work, we observed changes in the emission and absorption properties of poly[(2-methoxy-5-hexyloxy)-pphenylenevinylene] - MEH-PPV solutions in the visible range from 425 to 500 nm. The main results demonstrated the possibility of using luminescent polymers as active material of non-ionizing radiation dosimeter, in such a way that MEH-PPV is promising for use in a management system to monitor radiation absorbed by newborns during phototherapy treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

A blue-light dosimeter which indicates the dose accumulation by a multicoloured change of photodegraded polymer.

Luminescent polymers are commonly employed in light-emitting displays because of their good processability and higher luminance with low power consumption. However, even though they are candidates for lighting applications, they are susceptible to photoxidation processes which dramatically change their colour with light exposure. In this work we use the light instability of luminescent polymers in order to design a blue-light dosimeter which indicates dose accumulation by multicoloured changes of photodegraded poly(2-methoxy-5(2_-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). Photoluminescence and absorbance spectra measurements were carried out on MEH-PPV solutions under the effect of blue-light provided by phototherapy systems. All measurements were done maintaining chief conditions of jaundice treatments. It is observed that changes from orange-red to yellow clearly on colour solutions, while its peak position emission shifts from orange-red to blue and decreases in intensity with increasing radiation exposure time. Experiments performed with oxygen enriched solutions were shown to improve these effects, which is mainly caused by the competition between two possible mechanisms: a light induced polymerization of MEH-PPV and replacement of C C by C O bonds on the polymer backbone. Analyses of the relation between the irradiance produced by phototherapy systems and CIE (1931) chromatic diagram of MEH-PPV reveal this polymer as an easy to operate blue-light dosimeter, and the results reported here clearly demonstrated the possibility to produce self-adhesive patch of luminescent polymers in order to attach such organic dosimeter safety and placed closer to the skin of jaundiced infants

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sensor de acúmulo de dose de radiação azul polimérico.

Neste trabalho as propriedades ópticas do poli[2-metóxi,5-(2’etil-hexiloxi)-p-fenilenovinileno] - MEH-PPV foram estudadas sob efeito de luz azul proveniente de super LEDs utilizada no tratamento da hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal (ou icterícia). Os resultados mostraram que o MEH-PPV apresenta uma mudança de cor do vermelho-alaranjado para o incolor, passando por diversas tonalidades de amarelo, bem como uma diminuição da intensidade dos espectros de absorção e de fotoluminescência (PL) em função do tempo de exposição à radiação. Essas mudanças foram usadas para projetar um sensor de acúmulo de dose de radiação azul, tipo indicador de cores, para avaliar a dose de radiação recebida por recém-nascidos durante o tratamento da icterícia neonatal.In this work we investigated the optical behavior of poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) under the effect of blue-light LED source applied in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia treatment. There is a visible response that covers the electronic absorption of bilirubin (350-500 nm), and hence this material is applicable for controlling the radiation doses in the treatment of jaundice of neonates, which is one of the most common reasons for hospital readmission of newborn infants. The results show that the material presents a gradation of color from orange-red to yellow and quenching on the absorption and photoluminescent (PL) spectra with the radiation exposure time. The rate of these changes can be altered by manipulations of organic solution concentration, suggesting these color and emission/absorption changes can be used to design an indicator-dosimeter that is readily associated with the radiation exposure time used in treating neonatal jaundice

A simple model for solute–solvent separation through nanopores based on core-softened potentials.

We propose an effective model for solute separation from fluids through reverse osmosis based on core-softened potentials. Such potentials have been used to investigate anomalous fluids in several situations under a great variety of approaches. Due to their simplicity, computational simulations become faster and mathematical treatments are possible. Our model aims to mimic water desalination through nano-membranes through reverse osmosis, for which we have found reasonable qualitative results when confronted against all-atoms simulations found in the literature. The purpose of this work is not to replace any fully atomistic simulation at this stage, but instead to pave the first steps towards coarsegrained models for water desalination processes. This may help to approach problems in larger scales, in size and time, and perhaps make analytical theories more viabl