Water community management in the northern face of Sierra Nevada: Collective action and ethnoecological knowledge in the irrigation systems from the Al-andalus period

Acceso página web: http://memolaproject.eu/En la cara norte de Sierra Nevada (Granada) existen sistemas de riego desde época medieval que, gracias a una gestión racional del agua del deshielo, han logrado sobrevivir hasta la actualidad. Las comunidades de regantes son las instituciones responsables del funcionamiento y conservación de estos sistemas de riego y su labor cotidiana descansa en dos pilares fundamentales: por una parte, la organización comunitaria para el aprovechamiento de un recurso escaso y, por otra, la posesión de conocimientos etnoecológicos vitales para comprender el medio natural serrano. Ambos aspectos constituyen un rico Patrimonio Inmaterial que debe ser reconocido y protegido, pues de él depende la conservación del paisaje cultural en su conjunto.Since the Middle Ages, on the northern face of Sierra Nevada (Granada) there are irrigation systems that have survived until nowadays thanks to the rational management of meltwater. Irrigators' communities are the responsible institutions for the operation and maintenance of these irrigation systems. Their work is based on two main pillars: on the one hand, the community organisation necessary for the exploitation of a limited resource, and, on the other hand, the possession of a particular ethnoecological knowledge key to understand the mountainous environment. Both aspects constitute a rich intangible heritage that must be recognised and protected as the basis of this cultural landscape's conservation.Financiado por el Septimo Programa Marco FP7-SSH-2013-2Fundación Juanelo Turriano (Madrid) por haber financiado parte de la investigación doctoral a través de su convocatoria anual de contratos de investigación para realización de tesis doctorales (2015-2017)

La gestión comunitaria del agua en la cara norte de Sierra Nevada: Acción colectiva y saberes etnoecológicos en los sistemas de riego de origen andalusí

Since the Middle Ages, on the northern face of Sierra Nevada (Granada) there are irrigation systems that have survived until nowadays thanks to the rational management of meltwater. Irrigators’ communities are the responsible institutions for the operation and maintenance of these irrigation systems. Their work is based on two main pillars: on the one hand, the community organisation necessary for the exploitation of a limited resource, and, on the other hand, the possession of a particular ethnoecological knowledge key to understand the mountainous environment. Both aspects constitute a rich intangible heritage that must be recognised and protected as the basis of this cultural landscape ́s conservation.En la cara norte de Sierra Nevada (Granada) existen sistemas de riego desde época medieval que, gracias a una gestión racional del agua del deshielo, han logrado sobrevivir hasta la actualidad. Las comunidades de regantes son las instituciones responsables del funcionamiento y conservación de estos sistemas de riego y su labor cotidiana descansa en dos pilares fundamentales: por una parte, la organización comunitaria para el aprovechamiento de un recurso escaso y, por otra, la posesión de conocimientos etnoecológicos vitales para comprender el medio natural serrano. Ambos aspectos constituyen un rico Patrimonio Inmaterial que debe ser reconocido y protegido, pues de él depende la conservación del paisaje cultural en su conjunto

Balancing porosity and mechanical properties of titanium samples to favor cellular growth against bacteria

Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.University of Seville (Spain) VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Porous Titanium surfaces to control bacteria growth: mechanical properties and sulfonated polyetheretherketone coating as antibiofounling approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties.University of Seville VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Early Postoperative Monitoring of the Liver Graft

Liver transplantation (LT) is a common current technique for end-stage liver disease. Complications after the surgical procedure, though uncommon, can be of very different origin and can also be severe enough to lead to liver and multiorgan failure and finally graft loss and/or recipient’s death. Intensivists and the surgical team must be familiarized with these early complications to detect them as soon as possible in order to use the best diagnostic tools and take the best therapeutic measures to restore anatomical integrity and organ function to optimize the liver graft. In this chapter, we present an updated state of the art for efficiently tackling with all different, most usual complications that an LT patient can present during early postoperative period

Biological Properties of Solid Free Form Designed Ceramic Scaffolds with BMP-2: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Porous ceramic scaffolds are widely studied in the tissue engineering field due to their potential in medical applications as bone substitutes or as bone-filling materials. Solid free form (SFF) fabrication methods allow fabrication of ceramic scaffolds with fully controlled pore architecture, which opens new perspectives in bone tissue regeneration materials. However, little experimentation has been performed about real biological properties and possible applications of SFF designed 3D ceramic scaffolds. Thus, here the biological properties of a specific SFF scaffold are evaluated first, both in vitro and in vivo, and later scaffolds are also implanted in pig maxillary defect, which is a model for a possible application in maxillofacial surgery. In vitro results show good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, promoting cell ingrowth. In vivo results indicate that material on its own conducts surrounding tissue and allow cell ingrowth, thanks to the designed pore size. Additional osteoinductive properties were obtained with BMP-2, which was loaded on scaffolds, and optimal bone formation was observed in pig implantation model. Collectively, data show that SFF scaffolds have real application possibilities for bone tissue engineering purposes, with the main advantage of being fully customizable 3D structures

What is the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of oral cancer in 2010?

Item does not contain fulltext1 juni 201