Time dependent expression of the blood biomarkers EIF2D and TOX in patients with schizophrenia

Background During last years, there has been an intensive search for blood biomarkers in schizophrenia to assist in diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management of the disease. Methods In this study, we first conducted a weighted gene coexpression network analysis to address differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood from patients with chronic schizophrenia (n?=?30) and healthy controls (n?=?15). The discriminating performance of the candidate genes was further tested in an independent cohort of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n?=?124) and healthy controls (n?=?54), and in postmortem brain samples (cingulate and prefrontal cortices) from patients with schizophrenia (n?=?34) and healthy controls (n?=?35). Results The expression of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2D (EIF2D) gene, which is involved in protein synthesis regulation, was increased in the chronic patients of schizophrenia. On the contrary, the expression of the Thymocyte Selection-Associated High Mobility Group Box (TOX) gene, involved in immune function, was reduced. EIF2D expression was also altered in first-episode schizophrenia patients, but showing reduced levels. Any of the postmortem brain areas studied did not show differences of expression of both genes. Conclusions EIF2D and TOX are putative blood markers of chronic patients of schizophrenia, which expression change from the onset to the chronic disease, unraveling new biological pathways that can be used for the development of new intervention strategies in the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia disease.Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (PI10/01399, PI13/00447; PI17/00402, co-financed by FEDER) to J. Sanjuan and M.D. Moltó; Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO Excellence Program, Spain (PROMETEO2016/082) to J Sanjuán. J Gilabert-Juan and N. Sebastiá-Ortega were recipients of research contracts from CIBERSAM, Spain. The RNA samples donated bythe Stanley Medical Research Institute Brain Collection were courtesy of Drs. Michael B. Knable, E. Fuller Torrey, Maree J. Webster, and Robert H. Yolken. The authors also thank the collaboration of the staff members of the hospitals

Time dependent expression of the blood biomarkers EIF2D and TOX in patients with schizophrenia

Background: During last years, there has been an intensive search for blood biomarkers in schizophrenia to assist in diagnosis, prognosis and clinical management of the disease. Methods: In this study, we first conducted a weighted gene coexpression network analysis to address differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood from patients with chronic schizophrenia (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 15). The discriminating performance of the candidate genes was further tested in an independent cohort of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 124) and healthy controls (n = 54), and in postmortem brain samples (cingulate and prefrontal cortices) from patients with schizophrenia (n = 34) and healthy controls (n = 35). Results: The expression of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2D (EIF2D) gene, which is involved in protein synthesis regulation, was increased in the chronic patients of schizophrenia. On the contrary, the expression of the Thymocyte Selection-Associated High Mobility Group Box (TOX) gene, involved in immune function, was reduced. EIF2D expression was also altered in first-episode schizophrenia patients, but showing reduced levels. Any of the postmortem brain areas studied did not show differences of expression of both genes. Conclusions: EIF2D and TOX are putative blood markers of chronic patients of schizophrenia, which expression change from the onset to the chronic disease, unraveling new biological pathways that can be used for the development of new intervention strategies in the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia disease

Actividades educativas

Los dibujos y croquis son de Frechilla García, LuisSe trata en fichas la zona de la comarca del Alto Nalón en donde se encuentra Sobrescobio, el concejo en el que está situada el aula de la naturaleza de Soto de Agues. Se describe el concejo de Sobrescobio, su geomorfología, litología, vegetación, fauna, medios de vida como la ganadería, la artesanía, la minería, el proceso de elaboración del queso típico de la zona: el casín. Luego se ofrecen unas indicaciones y sugerencias para la visita a lugares como el museo de la minería, la ciudad industrial de Valnalón, la oficina de medio ambiente de Langreo, la estación de tratamiento de aguas de Rusecu, la estación depuradora de aguas residuales de Frieres, el embalse y la central hidráulica de Rusecu, los puntos de interés educativo en las localidades de San Andrés, Soto y Agues. Para terminar se ofrecen nueve itinerarios en los que se dan la situación, el acceso, actividades a realizar, observaciones, sugerencias, horario aproximado y una descripción del itinerario apoyado con dibujos. En las últimas tres fichas se ofrece la descripción de unos once monumentos de la zona, iglesias, casonas, torres y puentes.AsturiasES

Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. Aims: To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population. Design: Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Methods: Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Results: Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions. Conclusions: Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013

Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions in an adult population

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO) emitted in an adult population. Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO emissions. Low CO emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. ISRCTN, . Registered 05 September 2013

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trialResearch in context

Summary: Background: Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04847141. Findings: 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19. Funding: Grifols