Religious Tourism in the Hill of Tepexpan: A new research approach - from dedifferentiation

This theoretical and methodological paper presents research undertaken to comprehend the social dynamic of religious tourism in a traditional sanctuary located in the Hill of Tepexpan, Mexico. Visitor experience, as tourist or pilgrim, has been little studied in Mexican religious tourism literature, which has focused mainly on quantitative and economics aspects. For this reason, a more holistic and comprehensive way to understand the phenomenon is desirable, especially in destinations that receive a variety of visitors with different practices and motivations. The Tepexpan Hill Sanctuary has been a sacred place since Colonial times for two ethnic groups: Mazahuas and Otomíes. Their rituals and celebrations are good examples of syncretism between Pre-Hispanic and Catholic beliefs. However, in recent years there has been a rise of visitors that do not belong to the traditional pilgrimages, which may lead to the existence of secular activities and motivations in the hill. Hence, there is a need to understand the social practices of visitors, sacred or secular, in different spaces during their stay in the sanctuary. Using Collins-Kreiner’s dedifferentiation concept (2010) enriched with contributions from Smith (1992), this research attempts to understand the Tepexpan Hill Sanctuary as a ‘third space’ where tourism and pilgrimage practices coexist (Collins-Kreiner and Gatrell, 2006). Ethnography seems to be the most suitable method of qualitative research as religious tourism implies a quest for meaning in the visit. Studying the similarities and intersections between tourism and pilgrimage is useful for visitor management in religious sites. To achieve a sustainable management of the sanctuary in the future, the proposed research can help to maximise benefits while minimising social and cultural conflicts between actors with different interests in the destination

Desarrollo de la Misión “Barrio Adentro” en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Breve recuento/ Development of Barrio Adentro Mission in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. A brief account

Introducción: Durante más de cuarenta años, la población venezolana fue excluida del sistema público de atención a la salud. En un inicio por las carencias de recursos económicos para recibir estos servicios y a su vez por la precariedad de los centros de salud, abandonados por los antiguos gobiernos capitalistas que promovieron su privatización en el país. A partir de 1999, el recién constituido Gobierno Bolivariano del presidente Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, comenzó a realizar un conjunto de transformaciones sociales en beneficio del pueblo, incluido el incremento de la inversión en la salud pública con el objetivo de interrumpir el proceso de privatización. Las reiteradas dificultades para su implementación, debido a la resistencia de las fuerzas opositoras internas, demandaron la solicitud de apoyo a Cuba a través de su embajada y misión médica. Objetivo: Exponer el programa de la Misión Barrio Adentro y su implementación en Venezuela. Resultados: A partir de 1999, en medio de las transformaciones sociales en Venezuela, el gobierno bolivariano incrementó la inversión en la salud pública y detuvo el proceso de privatización. La transformación de los servicios de salud siguió los modelos y principios de la atención primaria en este sector. Desde el 2003 surge y se implementa el sistema de salud Barrio Adentro. Conclusiones: La Misión Barrio Adentro ha sido un programa para el pueblo, mantenido con la participación de los ciudadanos bajo los principios de coordinación, cooperación e independencia Introduction: The Venezuelan population was excluded from the public healthcare system for more than forty years, at first due to lack of economic resources to access these services alongside the precariousness of healthcare centers, neglected as they were by former capitalist governments who had fostered their privatization in the country. As of the year 1999, the just-constituted Bolivarian Government of President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, started conducting a number of social transformations for the benefit of the people, including an increase in public health investment, with the purpose of stopping the privatization process. Reiterated difficulties for its implementation, owing to the resistance of internal opposing forces, led to a request for support from Cuba through its embassy and medical mission. Objective: Describe the Mission Barrio Adentro and its implementation in Venezuela. Results: As of the year 1999, amidst the social transformations occurring in Venezuela, the Bolivarian government increased public health investment and stopped the privatization process. The transformation of healthcare services complied with the models and principles of primary healthcare. The Barrio Adentro health system emerged and was implemented in 2003. Conclusions: The Mission Barrio Adentro has been a program for the people, maintained with the participation of citizens under the principles of coordination, cooperation and independenc

Religious Tourism in the Hill of Tepexpan: A new research approach-from dedifferentiation

This theoretical and methodological paper presents research undertaken to comprehend the social dynamic of religious tourism in a traditional sanctuary located in the Hill of Tepexpan, Mexico. Visitor experience, as tourist or pilgrim, has been little studied in Mexican religious tourism literature, which has focused mainly on quantitative and economics aspects. For this reason, a more holistic and comprehensive way to understand the phenomenon is desirable, especially in destinations that receive a variety of visitors with different practices and motivations. The Tepexpan Hill Sanctuary has been a sacred place since Colonial times for two ethnic groups: Mazahuas and Otomíes. Their rituals and celebrations are good examples of syncretism between Pre-Hispanic and Catholic beliefs. However, in recent years there has been a rise of visitors that do not belong to the traditional pilgrimages, which may lead to the existence of secular activities and motivations in the hill. Hence, there is a need to understand the social practices of visitors, sacred or secular, in different spaces during their stay in the sanctuary. Using Collins-Kreiner’s dedifferentiation concept (2010) enriched with contributions from Smith (1992), this research attempts to understand the Tepexpan Hill Sanctuary as a ‘third space’ where tourism and pilgrimage practices coexist (Collins-Kreiner and Gatrell, 2006). Ethnography seems to be the most suitable method of qualitative research as religious tourism implies a quest for meaning in the visit. Studying the similarities and intersections between tourism and pilgrimage is useful for visitor management in religious sites. To achieve a sustainable management of the sanctuary in the future, the proposed research can help to maximise benefits while minimising social and cultural conflicts between actors with different interests in the destination

PILGRIMAGE, TOURISM AND DEDIFFERENTIATION. A TRAVEL EXPERIENCE TO THE HILL OF TEPEXPAN, MEXICO

The article explains dedifferentiation between pilgrimage and tourism from interpretation that many individuals give to their travel experience to the Hill of Tepexpan, a sanctuary located in the State of Mexico. The study is qualitative, based on ethnographic method through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with travelers. Dedifferentiation is evident in four different interpretations of travel to the place referred: religious pilgrimage, social pilgrimage, traditional journey and recreational journey.El artículo explica la desdiferenciación entre la peregrinación y el turismo a partir de la interpretación que diversos individuos dan a su experiencia de viaje al Cerrito de Tepexpan, santuario ubicado en el Estado de México. El estudio es de corte cualitativo basado en el método etnográfico a través de observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a los viajeros. La desdiferenciación se manifiesta en cuatro interpretaciones diferentes del viaje hacia el lugar referido: la peregrinación religiosa, la peregrinación social, el viaje por tradición y el viaje por recreación

Incidencia de un software en el registro de calificación del proceso de evaluación de los aprendizajes, comportamiento y control de Asistencia de los estudiantes.

El tema del proyecto es: Incidencia de un software en el registro de calificación del proceso de evaluación de los aprendizajes, comportamiento y control de asistencia de los estudiantes. Propuesta: Sistema de calificación “SERC” del Colegio Fiscal Técnico “El Triunfo”. Se basa en el problema: ¿Cómo incide la implementación de un Software en el registro de calificación del proceso de evaluación de los aprendizajes, comportamiento y control de asistencia de los estudiantes de los estudiantes del Colegio Fiscal Mixto “El Triunfo” del Cantón El Triunfo, provincia del Guayas en el periodo lectivo 2012 - 2013?. El uso de la tecnología presta muchos beneficios es por ello que hemos creado un Sistema para el Control de calificaciones. Con la finalidad de que los datos del sistema sean fáciles de manejar se ha diseñado una interfaz gráfico basado en Excel que permita obtener información precisa de forma ágil y oportuna, mejorando la eficiencia del trabajo de los docentes permitiendo más eficiencia en la entrega de notas en secretaria para que se emitan los reportes parciales y quintrales a los estudiantes. Nuestro proyecto está amparado en leyes de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, en el Reglamento de la Ley Orgánica de Educación. En nuestra investigación hemos aplicado los métodos de Observación, Inductivo, Deductivo y utilizamos las técnicas de Investigación de campo, Descriptiva, Bibliográfica. Para la recolección de datos acerca de la problemática y expectativas de la Comunidad Educativa se aplicó la técnica de la Encuesta a Docentes, Estudiantes y Padres de familia cuyos resultados fueron presentados en Gráficos Estadísticos circular. La misión es: Lograr que el Colegio Fiscal Técnico “El Triunfo “cuente con un Sistema de Control de calificaciones, utilizando la Tecnología de Sistemas Computarizados a fin de que brinde una mejor atención a la Comunidad Educativa. La visión es: Potencializar la calidad institucional del Colegio Fiscal Técnico “El Triunfo “mejorando el servicio que presta el área administrativa

Harmonic tourism and local development

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una Propuesta Teórico-Metodológica que permita analizar y gestionar el turismo armónico como alternativa para el desarrollo local sustentable. Como fundamento teórico de esta propuesta se discute la Teoría de Sistemas Complejos de Rolando García (2006), los Principios del Pensamiento Complejo de Edgar Morin (2005), las Categorías de Análisis del Turismo Armónico y del Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín (2008) y la Teoría de Sustentabilidad desde Gutiérrez, Aguilera y González. En su componente metodológico, este modelo propone la integración aplicada de varios (2011) métodos y metodologías: el Método Etnográfico, la Planeación Geográfica Integral de Gutiérrez, la Evaluación de Sustentabilidad, así como el Enfoque del Marco Lógico; los cuales al integrarse, permiten formular el Modelo Teórico Metodológico que se propone. Entre los conceptos fundamentales que articulan esta propuesta se plantea al Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín, como un sistema complejo, sobre el cual el turismo armónico es el eje articulador de los subsistemas natural y antrópico, para lograr el desarrollo local sustentable. A partir de la integración del hommoecosistema, en esta propuesta se analizan los conocimientos vernaculo-racional de comunidades, para estudiar las interrelaciones entre ambos subsistemas, lo cual permitirá que las estrategias que se planteen, estén claramente dirigidas al rescate y preservación de los recursos naturales y culturales, permitiendo el desarrollo local por medio del turismo armónico.The aim of this paper is to present a Theoretical-Methodological Proposal that will allow analyzing and managing the harmonic tourism as an alternative for the sustainable local development. As a theoretical basis for this proposal, the Complex Systems Theory from Rolando Garcia (2006), the Principles of Complex Thinking from Edgar Morin (2005), the Analysis Categories from Serrano-Barquín (2008) and the Sustainability Theory from Gutiérrez, Aguilera and González (2011). From its methodological component, this model proposes the applied integration of several methods and methodologies: the Ethnographic Method, the Geographic Integral Planning from Gutiérrez, the Sustainability Evaluation and Logical Framework Approach; all of them being integrated, allow the formulation of the Theoretical and Methodological Model that we propose here. Among the fundamental concepts that articulate the proposal is discussed the Hommoecosistema from Serrano-Barquín, as a complex system, over which harmonic tourism is the axis between natural and anthropic subsystems, to achieve local sustainable development. Starting from hommoecosistema integration, in this proposal are discussed the communities vernacular-rational knowledge, to study the interrelationships between both subsystems, this will allow that the planned strategies, will be clearly directed to rescue and preservation of natural and cultural resources, allowing local sustainable development through harmonic tourism

Modelo Teórico-Metodológico para el estudio del turismo armónico y el desarrollo local

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una Propuesta Teórico-Metodológica que permita analizar y gestionar el turismo armónico como alternativa para el desarrollo local sustentable. Como fundamento teórico de esta propuesta se discute la Teoría de Sistemas Complejos de Rolando García (2006), los Principios del Pensamiento Complejo de Edgar Morin (2005), las Categorías de Análisis del Turismo Armónico y del Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín (2008) y la Teoría de Sustentabilidad desde Gutiérrez, Aguilera y González. En su componente metodológico, este modelo propone la integración aplicada de varios (2011) métodos y metodologías: el Método Etnográfico, la Planeación Geográfica Integral de Gutiérrez, la Evaluación de Sustentabilidad, así como el Enfoque del Marco Lógico; los cuales al integrarse, permiten formular el Modelo Teórico Metodológico que se propone. Entre los conceptos fundamentales que articulan esta propuesta se plantea al Hommoecosistema de Serrano-Barquín, como un sistema complejo, sobre el cual el turismo armónico es el eje articulador de los subsistemas natural y antrópico, para lograr el desarrollo local sustentable. A partir de la integración del hommoecosistema, en esta propuesta se analizan los conocimientos vernaculo-racional de comunidades, para estudiar las interrelaciones entre ambos subsistemas, lo cual permitirá que las estrategias que se planteen, estén claramente dirigidas al rescate y preservación de los recursos naturales y culturales, permitiendo el desarrollo local por medio del turismo armónico

Bezoars: diagnosis, management, and potential complications in patients with psychiatric disorders

Word "bezoar" comes from Persian "pâdzahr," which means "antidote," since, in ancient times, it was believed that bezoar could cure and nullify effects of all poisons. In medical context, bezoar is the term used for conglomerates of undigested material that accumulate in de gastrointestinal tract. Case of 60-year-old female patient with repeated episodes of intestinal obstruction associated with digestive tract bleeding. She presented to emergency department with severe abdominal pain and intolerance to oral route. Computed tomography identified hypodense image suggestive of a oreign body in the small bowel  lumen. During laparotomy, stone-like mass of approximately 3×5 cm was found at level of jejuno-ileal junction, 80 cm from Treitz ligament, with presence of an intestinal flange that conditions rotation of the intestinal loop on its axis. Intestinal obstruction due to bezoar is uncommon in adult patients, and symptoms are usually non-specific. It requires a high index of suspicion and effective screening for trichotillomania. In such cases, imaging studies such as tomography help to establish the diagnosis.

Checklist for the Multidisciplinary Approach to United Airway in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma

Dear Editor, The united airways concept calls for a multidisciplinary approach to asthma and/or chronic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis (CRS), aimed at integral airway treatment1, 2 and better coordination among specialists.3 Failure to treat rhinitis/rhinosinusitis is associated with poor asthma control, especially of severe asthma.4, 5 Biological treatments targeting type 2 (T2) inflammatory mediators in severe respiratory diseases offer a new therapeutic option directed against the pathophysiological mechanism of these difficult-to-control united airways diseases (UAD)..

Context-dependent roles of cellular senescence in normal, aged, and disease states.

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that often emerges after tissue damage and in age-related diseases. Through the production of a multicomponent secretory phenotype (SASP), senescent cells can impact the regeneration and function of tissues. However, the effects of senescent cells and their SASP are very heterogeneous and depend on the tissue environment and type as well as the duration of injury, the degree of persistence of senescent cells and the organism's age. While the transient presence of senescent cells is widely believed to be beneficial, recent data suggest that it is detrimental for tissue regeneration after acute damage. Furthermore, although senescent cell persistence is typically associated with the progression of age-related chronic degenerative diseases, it now appears to be also necessary for correct tissue function in the elderly. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the roles of senescent cells and their SASP in tissue regeneration in ageing and age-related diseases, highlighting their (negative and/or positive) contributions. We provide insight for future research, including the possibility of senolytic-based therapies and cellular reprogramming, with aims ranging from enhancing tissue repair to extending a healthy lifespan.Work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by MINECO-Spain (RTI2018-096068), H2020 European Research Council-2016-AdG-741966, LaCaixaHEALTH-HR17-00040, MWRF, French Muscular Dystrophy Association, Muscular Dystrophy Association, Fundacio LaMarató TV3 (80/19-202021 and 137/ 38-202033) and UPGRADE-H2020-825825; and María-de-Maeztu-Program for Units of Excellence to UPF (MDM-2014-0370), Severo Ochoa-Program for Centers of Excellence to CNIC (SEV-2015-0505).S