El consumo y la línea de pobreza en Antioquia: aproximaciones mediante la teoría del consumidor

Este documento presenta un análisis de la magnitud, composición y distribución del gasto delos hogares antioqueños en el año 2008 haciendo uso de los datos de la encuesta de calidadde vida realizada por el DANE. Se calcula el consumo de subsistencia o línea de pobreza parala región de Antioquia a través de la estimación de un sistema cuadrático de gastos. Tambiénse construye una serie de precios implícitos a partir del gasto de los hogares con el propósitode calcular elasticidades precio y gasto de la demanda. Mediante la ley de Engel se encuentraque hay mayor calidad de vida en la zona urbana de Antioquia y los resultados muestran que elgasto mínimo de subsistencia en doce diferentes grupos de bienes para la región de Antioquiaes de $356,994.63, a pesos del 200

AgriColMap: Aerial-Ground Collaborative 3D Mapping for Precision Farming

The combination of aerial survey capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with targeted intervention abilities of agricultural Unmanned Ground Vehicles can significantly improve the effectiveness of robotic systems applied to precision agriculture. In this context, building and updating a common map of the field is an essential but challenging task. The maps built using robots of different types show differences in size, resolution and scale, the associated geolocation data may be inaccurate and biased, while the repetitiveness of both visual appearance and geometric structures found within agricultural contexts render classical map merging techniques ineffective. In this paper we propose AgriColMap, a novel map registration pipeline that leverages a grid-based multimodal environment representation which includes a vegetation index map and a Digital Surface Model. We cast the data association problem between maps built from UAVs and UGVs as a multimodal, large displacement dense optical flow estimation. The dominant, coherent flows, selected using a voting scheme, are used as point-to-point correspondences to infer a preliminary non-rigid alignment between the maps. A final refinement is then performed, by exploiting only meaningful parts of the registered maps. We evaluate our system using real world data for 3 fields with different crop species. The results show that our method outperforms several state of the art map registration and matching techniques by a large margin, and has a higher tolerance to large initial misalignments. We release an implementation of the proposed approach along with the acquired datasets with this paper.Comment: Published in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 201

Effects of fiscal credibility on inflation expectations: evidence from an emerging economy

This paper analyses the impact of fiscal imbalances on expectations for an emerging economy with inflation targeting. In particular, based on the Colombian experience, we build a fiscal credibility index and evaluate its impact on inflation expectations for the 2004-2019 period. To analyse fiscal and monetary interactions, we propose an econometric model and use the OLS and GMM methods. The results show that the loss of fiscal credibility, associated with divergences between the fiscal deficit and agents’ expectations, can increase inflation expectations by between 9% and 12%. Furthermore, inflation expectations in Colombia incorporate important macroeconomic information related to unemployment, GDP and exchange rates.</p

A convergence analysis of Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Methods

In this paper, we consider an approximation method, and a novel general analysis, for second-order elliptic differential equations with heterogeneous multiscale coefficients. We obtain convergence of the Generalized Multi-scale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM) method that uses local eigenvectors in its construction. The analysis presented here can be extended, without great difficulty, to more sophisticated GMsFEMs. For concreteness, the obtained error estimates generalize and simplify the convergence analysis of [J. Comput. Phys. 230 (2011), 937-955]. The GMsFEM method construct basis functions that are obtained by multiplication of (approximation of) local eigenvectors by partition of unity functions. Only important eigenvectors are used in the construction. The error estimates are general and are written in terms of the eigenvalues of the eigenvectors not used in the construction. The error analysis involve local and global norms that measure the decay of the expansion of the solution in terms of local eigenvectors. Numerical experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the approach with respect to the convergence and stability properties of the analysis in view of the good scientific computing practice

Social structure on the guerrilla political movement of El Salvador. Based on the "Yellow Book". Salvadoran Army document to identify their enemies

Las guerrillas son fenómenos sociales y expresiones de nuestras sociedades que, de acuerdo a su composición social y humana, ofrecen dos perspectivas: a) una complejidad sociocultural y política interna que es muy difícil de analizar, dada la poca información disponible, y b) es una estructura social y orgánica orientada hacia la generación de una estrategia de guerra local. Cada Guerrilla se integra a través de dinámicas reticulares que las vuelven susceptibles de ser analizadas por medio del Análisis de Redes Sociales. En este contexto, la guerrilla del FMLN fue monitoreada por el ejército salvadoreño entre julio y agosto de 1987, levantando información sobre su composición social y algunas dinámicas de asociación entre miembros y organizaciones que conformaron a dicho movimiento.The guerrillas are social phenomena and expressions of our societies. According to their social and human composition, the guerrillas offers two perspectives: a) they have inside of themselves a sociocultural complexity which it is very difficult to analyze, because the data an information about that is not always available, b) each guerrilla is a social and organic structure organized to generated a local war strategy. Therefore each Guerrilla is integrated through reticulated dynamics that make them capable of being reviewed by the Social Network Analysis. In this context, the FMLN guerrilla was monitored by the army of El Salvador, between July and August 1987, getting information about it´s social composition and some dynamics of association between member and organizations that were part of the movement

EPOC en la mujer

The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing worldwide, mainly due to the increase in women. In developed countries, COPD in women is mainly a result of exposure to tobacco smoke and in developing countries to inhalation of biomass combustion products. Underdiagnosis of COPD is more common in women since this disease has classically been associated with men. Moreover, COPD in women shows certain differential features, such as a greater expression of aspects related to perception (dyspnea and health-related quality of life), a high prevalence of malnutrition, anxiety and depression, and a distinct distribution of emphysema from that in men. Better phenotypical characterization of COPD in women would allow its impact on the health system to be more accurately evaluated and more individualized therapeutic strategies to be designe

Theoretical and practical validation tests for a near-field to far-field transformation algorithm using spherical wave expansion

The use of spherical wave expansion of the solution of the wave equation to predict Far-Field values from data measured in the Near-Field region is a well known technique, typically used to perform antenna measurements in compact anechoic chambers. However, when designing the computing algorithm it is fundamental to validate the results and to quantify the numerical error of the method. In this regard, a computer application that samples the electric Near-Field and calculates the values of the electric Far-Field region using spherical wave expansion was developed to measure antenna radiation patterns in the Fresnel zone inside a fully anechoic chamber. In order to validate the code, this paper describes three validation methods: firstly, using the theoretical electric Near-Field values of an infinitesimal dipole as the input to the algorithm to compare the output with the response analytically expected; secondly, using a Far-Field electric field data of a calibrated half wavelength dipole measured in an anechoic chamber and finally, using an electric Near-Field data of a calibrated half wavelength dipole measured in the same chamber. These methods provide simple procedures to calculate the error introduced by the code in different scenarios that should be considered to estimate the measurement uncertainty.Postprint (published version

Transformaciones del Proceso Creativo y las Técnicas de la Peluquería en Bogotá, Colombia (1980-2020): : Sistematización de mi Experiencia como Peluquero

Este artículo ofrece, desde una perspectiva muy personal, una aproximación histórica a la evolución y desarrollo de la peluquería bogotana, actividad a la que por vocación llegué hace más de 40 años y que sigo ejerciendo con pasión. Me mueve el interés de mirar en retrospectiva lo que fue mi proceso creativo, la evolución y trasformaciones del oficio y/o profesión y, sobre todo, el deseo de sistematizar una experiencia de vida que dé cuenta de los estilos, tendencias y técnicas enmarcadas en un periodo de tiempo que abarca cuatro décadas (1980 - 2020). Esta investigación de tipo cualitativo, aunque apela al relato cronológico, busca trascender el simple ejercicio de ordenar, catalogar o clasificar datos o informaciones dispersas identificando los hitos que marcaron la peluquería en los últimos 40 años

Estructura social en el movimiento político guerrillero de El Salvador : basado en el "Libro Amarillo". Documento del Ejército salvadoreño para identificar a sus enemigos

Las guerrillas son fenómenos sociales y expresiones de nuestras sociedades que, de acuerdo a su composición social y humana, ofrecen dos perspectivas: a) una complejidad sociocultural y política interna que es muy difícil de analizar, dada la poca información disponible, y b) es una estructura social y orgánica orientada hacia la generación de una estrategia de guerra local. Cada Guerrilla se integra a través de dinámicas reticulares que las vuelven susceptibles de ser analizadas por medio del Análisis de Redes Sociales. En este contexto, la guerrilla del FMLN fue monitoreada por el ejército salvadoreño entre julio y agosto de 1987, levantando información sobre su composición social y algunas dinámicas de asociación entre miembros y organizaciones que conformaron a dicho movimiento.The guerrillas are social phenomena and expressions of our societies. According to their social and human composition, the guerrillas offers two perspectives: a) they have inside of themselves a sociocultural complexity which it is very difficult to analyze, because the data an information about that is not always available, b) each guerrilla is a social and organic structure organized to generated a local war strategy. Therefore each Guerrilla is integrated through reticulated dynamics that make them capable of being reviewed by the Social Network Analysis. In this context, the FMLN guerrilla was monitored by the army of El Salvador, between July and August 1987, getting information about it's social composition and some dynamics of association between member and organizations that were part of the movement