Common-path laser planar encoder

[[abstract]]This paper presents a common-path laser planar encoder (CLPE) for displacement measurements in the X- and Y- axes. The CLPE can effectively reduce the environmental disturbance to its lowest level. The experimental results of the CLPE match well with those of HP5529A for both short and long ranges. The CLPE can measure 2D displacement with high resolutions of 0.07 ± 0.021 nm and 0.07 ± 0.023 nm in the X- and Y- axes and also presents high system stabilities of −0.59 ± 0.43 nm/h and −0.63 ± 0.47 nm/h respectively in the X- and Y- axes. The CLPE has promising potential for nanometer resolution and large-range applications.[[notice]]補正完畢[[booktype]]電子

Heterodyne common-path grating interferometer with Littrow configuration

[[abstract]]This paper presents a heterodyne common-path grating interferometer with Littrow configuration (HCGIL). The HCGIL can effectively overcome environmental disturbance effect and the DC offset and the amplitude variation of the measurement signals. Experimental results match well with the HP5529A results for long-range measurements. Results also show that the estimated measurement resolution is 0.15 ± 0.027 nm. The stability of the HCGIL is −0.41 ± 0.23 nm. Therefore, the HCGIL has potential for subnanometer resolution and long-range applications.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子

Isolation, Cloning and Expression of Recombinant Human Renin in Escherichia Coli System

Renin is an important honnone in kidney regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS); which plays an important role in human blood pressure. Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase cleaving the Leu-Leu bond in angiotensinogen to generate angiotensin I. Recently, renin was found in organs other than the kidney such as adrenal, ovary, testis, uterus, placenta, anterior pituitary and brain, implicating its involvement in the regulation of numerous activities. Prorenin is the inactive precursor of the renin which regulates the blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Prorenin can be activated in vitro following nonproteolysis and proteolysis. The isolation of prorenin or renin from organs including kidney is extremely difficult due to its very low concentration and its instability. Therefore, recombinant protein technologies are used to produce the recombinant human renin protein. In this study, the full-length human renin coding gene (REN) was isolated from the human kidney cDNA library by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The primers (RF1 & RR1) used were designed based on the human mRNA renin gene sequence from GenBank [gi |4506474| ref | NM_000537.1|]. The PCR amplified REN gene was cloned into pCR-Blunt cloning vector. Sequencing was carried out and the result shows 99.9% identical to the published sequence. The REN gene was cloned into two different E. coli expression vectors, pRSETB and pGEX4T l , to express the recombinant protein. Construct pRB-R was successfully expressed in E. coli strains BL2 1-S1 and BL21 (DE3)pLysS with the recombinant protein corresponding to the expected size -48 kDa. Construct pGT-R was expressed in BL2 1 (DE3)pLysS with the size -66 kDa. Both recombinant proteins have been confirmed with western blotting by using monoclonal anti-His antibody (recombinant protein derived from pRSET vector) and monoclonal anti-GST antibody (recombinant protein derived from p GEX4Tl vector). The result of the expression shows that the combination of the expression vector pRSETB and host BL2 1 (DE3)pLysS gave the highest soluble fraction of recombinant protein

A study on the poly(ethylene terephthalate)/flouropolymer blends

The rate of crystallization of Polyethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be improved by blending it with polyethylene co chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE; tradename Halar) so that it can be suitable for injection molding. The special advantage of this method is that molecular weight of the blend will not decrease so much as by adding nucleating agents. That is to say, the mechanical strength of the blend will not decrease very much compared with that of virgin PET

Metode Modifikasi Histogram untuk Peningkatan Kontras dan Kecerahan Citra

Histogram Equalization adalah merupakan metode yang paling sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan kontras pada citra digital. Sebagai hasilnya citra yang diproses menggunakan metode HE memiliki efek negatif seperti tampilan yang kelihatan buram dan kontur yang berubah akibat Perubahan pada kecerahan gambar. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut diperlukan model HE yang dapat memelihara tingkat kecerahan citra. Umumnya, metode tersebut mempartisi histogram dari citra asli ke dalam sub histogram dan kemudian secara independen melakukan ekualisasi terhadap sub histogram tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu kerangka modifikasi histogram sederhana untuk kontras enhancement pada citra tak bergerak untuk meningkatkan kontras citra tanpa kehilangan detail dari fitur citra. Metode yang disajikan terdiri dari 2 tahap. Pertama, histogram dari citra asli di modifikasi terhadap histogram umum. Pada tahap kedua, histrogram yang dimodifikasi pada citra asli dipisahkan kedalam dua sub-histogram berdasarkan rataan dari citra asli dan kemudian melakukan ekualisasi secara independen untuk menjaga kecerahan citra. Dengan menggunakan parameter enhancement, tingkat dari enhancement kontras dapat disesuaikan berdasarkan kontras citra input. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa metode ini mempertahankan kecerahan citra lebih baik dan menghasilkan citra yang terlihat lebih alami dibandingkan dengan hasil dari metode konvensional yang lain. Metode yang digunakan telah diuji menggunakan berbagai jenis citra dan memberi kualitas visual yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode lai

Eigenvalue characterization for a class of boundary value problems

We consider the $n$'th order ordinary differential equation $(-1)^{n-k} y^{(n)}=\lambda a(t) f(y)$, $t\in[0,1]$, $n\geq 3$ together with the boundary condition $y^{(i)}(0)=0$, $0\leq i\leq k-1$ and $y^{(l)}=0$, $j\leq l\leq j+n-k-1$, for $1\leq j\leq k-1$ fixed. Values of $\lambda$ are characterized so that the boundary value problem has a positive solution

Positive solutions of 2mth-order boundary value problems

AbstractWe study the existence of positive solutions of the differential equation (−1)my(2m) (t) = f(t, y(t), y″(t),…, y(2(m−1)) (t)) with the boundary condition y(2i)(0) = 0 = y(2i)(1), 0 ≤ i ≤ m − 1, and y(2i)(0) = 0 = y(2i+1)(1), 0 ≤ i ≤ m − 1. We show the existence of at least one positive solution if f is either superlinear or sublinear by an application of a fixed-point theorem in a cone

A neighborhood decoupling algorithm for truncated sum minimization

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISMVL.1990.122611Published in: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Symposium on Multiple-Valued LogicThere has been considerable interest in heuristic method for minimizing multiple-valued logic functions because exact methods are intractable. This paper describes a new heuristic, called the neighborhood decoupling (ND) algorithm. It first selects a minterm and then selects an implicant, a two step process employed in previous heuristics, e.g., Besslich [2] and Dueck and Miller [4]. The approach taken here more closely resembles the Dueck and Miller heuristic; however, it makes more efficient use of minterms truncated to the highest logic value. The ND-algorithm was developed in conjunction with HAMLET [12], a computer software created at the Naval Postgraduate School for the purpose of designing heuristics for multiple-valued logic minimization. In this paper, we present the algorithm, discuss the implementation, show that it performs consistently better than others and explain the reason for its improved performance

An Investigation on The Broadband Customers\u27 Satisfaction in Hsinchu Area

With the rapid growth of internet there are about fifty thousands of users get access to the internet in Taiwan area. Given the consensus of internet service providers (ISP’s) that soon will reach seventy-five thousands within two years. This would imply that the users of traditional dial up modems will be facing serious insufficient bandwidth problems. To make the problem worse, the internet applications are moving toward multimedia which always eats up bandwidth faster than expected. Moreover, to join WTO forces Taiwan to relin quish its telecom market to international players. These new players sure will jump into the broadband market. This research is to investigate the household consumers’ satisfaction in Hsinchu area on the broadband networking. The findings pointed out that important demographic variables affecting satisfaction are gender, age, education, and vocation. Additionally, dimensions of customers’ satisfaction do have a negative correlation with customers’ satisfaction. This is to say that when the higher the degree of a concern the lower the customer satisfaction. In general, expected service levels are always higher than that really experienced