Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Cvi-0 Accession Reveals an Important Role of MPK12 in Guard Cell CO2 Signaling

Author Summary Human activities have increased the concentrations of CO2 and harmful air pollutants such as ozone in the troposphere. These changes can have detrimental consequences for agricultural productivity. Guard cells, which form stomatal pores on leaves, regulate plant gas exchange. To maintain photosynthesis, stomata open to allow CO2 uptake, but at the same time, open stomata lead to loss of water and allow the entrance of ozone. Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels reduce stomatal apertures, which can improve plant water balance but also increases leaf temperature. Using genetic approaches—in which we exploit natural variation and mutant analysis of thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)—we find that MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 12 (MPK12) and its inhibitory interaction with another kinase, HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE 1 (HT1) (involved in guard cell CO2 signaling), play a key role in this regulatory process. We have therefore identified a mechanism in which guard cell CO2 signaling regulates how efficiently plants use water and cope with the air pollutant ozone.Peer reviewe

Clinical application of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer has many characteristics such as rapid progression, difficult early diagnosis, low R0 resection rate, and poor prognosis. In recent years, extended radical resections including hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) have been performed for patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma that invades the common bile duct, duodenum, and portal vein, but with no distant metastasis in many large medical centers. This procedure can significantly increase the R0 resection rate and prolong the survival time of patients. But due to the high rate of complications and high mortality in the patients treated with HPD, many surgeons still have little confidence in this procedure. This article reviews the current application of HPD in advanced gallbladder cancer, related problems, complications, and surgical indications, and suggests that HPD can be selected according to strict surgical indications

Data from: Optimized modelling and simulation of EGR performance evaluation of turbocharged diesel engine

Aimed at the problem of turbocharged diesel engine EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) performance evaluation and optimal EGR rate determination, especially in some cases with poor data because of the limit of conditions, an optimized multi-objective grey decision method based on grey theory and entropy weight is proposed. The internal combustion pressure ,fuel consumption rate, NOX ,CO and smoke degree were selected as the decision target, and the initial decision-making model was established based on traditional grey situation theory. According to the characteristics and optimization requirements of EGR, The optimal compromise between combustion and emission performance is proposed to transform into the decision-making target weight problem , then a subjective weight optimization method based on expert scoring and grey relational analysis is proposed. In addition, the entropy weight method was used to solve the subjective and objective weight vector and the optimized multi-objective grey situation decision making model was established, which can not weaken the human error of subjective empowerment, but also fully explore the intrinsic objective relationship of the evaluation index parameters. At last, an optimization simulation platform for EGR performance evaluation based MATLB/GUIDE is designed and established. The results show that the optimization simulation platform can effectively improve the efficiency of simulation calculation, which is more convenient for practical engineering applications; the optimized method can successfully solve the EGR performance evaluation and optimal EGR rate determination under different working conditions, the decision result is reasonable and consistent with the prevailing principle of the EGR determining, which provide a new research ideas for EGR performance optimization

Data from: A prediction model of compressor with variable geometry diffuser based on elliptic equation and Partial Least Squares

In order to fulfill more and more extensive intake air flow range of diesel engine, variable geometry compressor (VGC) is introduced into turbocharged diesel engine. However, due to the variable diffuser vanes angle (DVA), the prediction for the performance of VGC becomes more difficult than normal compressor. In the present study, a prediction model comprised of elliptical equation and PLS (Partial Least Squares) model was proposed to predict the performance of VGC. The speed lines of pressure ratio map and efficiency map with elliptical equation were fitted, and the coefficients of elliptical equation was introduced into PLS model to build the polynomial relationship between the coefficients and relative speed, DVA. And further, the maximal order of polynomical was detailed investigated to reduce the number of sub-coefficients and acceptable fit accuracy simultaneously. The prediction model was validated with sample data and in order to present the superiority in compressor performance prediction, the prediction results of this model were compared with those of look-up table and BPNN. The validation and comparison results show that the prediction accuracy of the new developed model is acceptable, and this model is much more suitable than look-up table and BPNN under the same condition in the VGA performance prediction. Moreover, the new developed prediction model provides a novel and effective prediction solution for VGC and can be used to improve the accuracy of the thermodynamic model for turbocharged diesel engines in the future

Defending against Poisoning Attacks in Aerial Image Semantic Segmentation with Robust Invariant Feature Enhancement

The outstanding performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) in multiple computer vision in recent years has promoted its widespread use in aerial image semantic segmentation. Nonetheless, prior research has demonstrated the high susceptibility of DNNs to adversarial attacks. This poses significant security risks when applying DNNs to safety-critical earth observation missions. As an essential means of attacking DNNs, data poisoning attacks destroy model performance by contaminating model training data, allowing attackers to control prediction results by carefully crafting poisoning samples. Toward building a more robust DNNs-based aerial image semantic segmentation model, in this study, we proposed a robust invariant feature enhancement network (RIFENet) that can resist data poisoning attacks and has superior semantic segmentation performance. The constructed RIFENet improves the resistance to poisoning attacks by extracting and enhancing robust invariant features. Specifically, RIFENet uses a texture feature enhancement module (T-FEM), structural feature enhancement module (S-FEM), global feature enhancement module (G-FEM), and multi-resolution feature fusion module (MR-FFM) to enhance the representation of different robust features in the feature extraction process to suppress the interference of poisoning samples. Experiments on several benchmark aerial image datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is more robust and exhibits better generalization than other state-of-the-art methods

Data from: Experimental study on diesel engine EGR performance and Optimum EGR Rate Determination Method

In order to study deeply the Exhaust gas recirculation（EGR）performance of marine diesel engines，a venturi high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation device was established to overcome the exhaust gas reflow problem in a certain type turbocharged diesel engine. With the device, the EGR performance test is accomplished and an optimal EGR decision-making optimization method based on grey correlation coefficient modified is proposed. The results show that the venturi tube EGR can basically meet the injection requirements of high-pressure exhaust gas and makes good results to the diesel engine . Through the venturi tube EGR, the NOX emissions reduces significantly with the maximum drop of 30.6%. The explosive pressure in cylinder reduces with the EGR rate increases, and the cylinder pressure curve shows a single peak at low-speed conditions and double peaks at high-speed condition. However, the fuel consumption rate, NO, and smoke have been negatively affected. Due to small samples, the traditional evaluation method is difficult to determine the optimal EGR rate reasonably, while the proposed method can effectively solve this problem. It can weaken the shortcomings of subjective judgment and greatly improve the rationality of decision-making results

Experimental Research on the Matching Characteristics of the Compound VGT-STC System with a V-Type Diesel Engine

In order to improve the performance of a V-type diesel engine at low and medium speeds, the compound VGT-STC turbocharger system was proposed. First, the compound VGT-STC turbocharger system bench was established, which allowed to switch between the VGT and STC boosting systems. Then, the load characteristic tests with a variable VGT vane opening were conducted at different speeds in the 1TC and the 2TC, respectively. The results showed that the VGT-1TC could provide much more air into the cylinder than the VGT-2TC at 1000 r/min, and the maximum torque was increased by 4000 Nm (80%), and the BSFC decreased by 20.1 g/kWh on average. The matching characteristics are analyzed for three boosting control strategy systems, including the VGT, STC, and the compound VGT-STC. The results show that the VGT system has a steady increase of the maximum torque in both low and medium speeds, while the STC system has a large increase in torque at 1000 r/min and begins to decline when speed is greater than 1200 r/min, and the compound VGT-STC system combines the advantages of the VGT and STC, which can maintain 9000 Nm (83% rated torque at 1800 rpm) and a lower BSFC at both low and medium speeds. As a result, with the compound VGT-STC boosting control strategy system, the operating range has expanded by 10%, and its smoke opacity, BSFC, and exhaust temperature are reduced by 0.057, 8.2 g/kWh, and 64 °C, respectively

Experimental Research on the Matching Characteristics of the Compound VGT-STC System with a V-Type Diesel Engine

In order to improve the performance of a V-type diesel engine at low and medium speeds, the compound VGT-STC turbocharger system was proposed. First, the compound VGT-STC turbocharger system bench was established, which allowed to switch between the VGT and STC boosting systems. Then, the load characteristic tests with a variable VGT vane opening were conducted at different speeds in the 1TC and the 2TC, respectively. The results showed that the VGT-1TC could provide much more air into the cylinder than the VGT-2TC at 1000 r/min, and the maximum torque was increased by 4000 Nm (80%), and the BSFC decreased by 20.1 g/kWh on average. The matching characteristics are analyzed for three boosting control strategy systems, including the VGT, STC, and the compound VGT-STC. The results show that the VGT system has a steady increase of the maximum torque in both low and medium speeds, while the STC system has a large increase in torque at 1000 r/min and begins to decline when speed is greater than 1200 r/min, and the compound VGT-STC system combines the advantages of the VGT and STC, which can maintain 9000 Nm (83% rated torque at 1800 rpm) and a lower BSFC at both low and medium speeds. As a result, with the compound VGT-STC boosting control strategy system, the operating range has expanded by 10%, and its smoke opacity, BSFC, and exhaust temperature are reduced by 0.057, 8.2 g/kWh, and 64 °C, respectively

VGCdata

this file contains the raw data of VGC performance and necessary matlab files, the calculation result also pack in this fil