Legend Design on The Web: Creating Accurate Styles

This paper presents the main characteristics of on-demand mapping on the web and focus on the existing tools which propose to a user to specify his styles. Most of on-demand maps applications do not help the users in the map design process. Customisation options exist, but the user may not reach a correct and satisfying result. Our purpose is to assist users in their map design process and especially in creating accurate styles in order to conceive satisfying legends. We propose a man-machine dialogue between users and a system that holds cartographic expertise. This dialogue relies on creation strategies in order to satisfy both user’s (tastes and needs) and system’s (cartographic rules) constraints

Vers plus d'expressivité dans les représentations graphiques du territoire

International audienceThis paper addresses the issue of expressivity conveyed by the graphical representations of territory. In order to improve the relevancy between graphical representations and effective uses of those representations, expressivity should be enhanced in map and geovisualisation design. Based on knowledge and methods coming from expressive rendering, a sub-domain of computer graphics, we proposed specific rendering techniques for map and geovisualisation design, from the specification of styles. Two stylisation projects, in map design (MapStyle) and in 3D geovisualisation design (Plu++), provide a high diversity of graphical representations of the territory, aiming at making them relevant for many uses. Exploring the space of possible graphical representations is also a way to approach the issue of perception and cognition of complex phenomena on the territory.Cet article questionne la notion d'expressivité dans les représentations graphiques du territoire. Afin d'améliorer l'adéquation entre représentations graphiques du territoire et usages de ces représentations pour mieux comprendre le territoire, une approche consiste à rendre les représentations plus expressives. S'inspirer des techniques de rendu expressif, un domaine de l'informatique graphique, a permis de proposer des techniques de rendu spécifiques pour la cartographie et la géovisualisation, à partir de la spécification de styles. Deux projets de stylisation en cartographie (MapStyle) et en géovisualisation 3D (Plu++) ont permis de construire différentes représentations graphiques visant à répondre à des usages variés des représentations graphiques du territoire. Pouvoir explorer l'espace des possibles dans les représentations graphiques est ainsi une façon d'approcher le problème de la perception et de la compréhension de phénomènes complexes sur le territoire

Underground Visualization: web-app, virtual reality, ex situ and in situ augmented reality.

International audienceIn this work-in-progress and demo paper, we present an ongoing experiment of underground visualization, in the context of urban 3D geovisualization, for operational purposes in urban planning. After a preliminary project of sewers network digitization (Nguyen et al., 2018), the 3D model of sewers has been made available for web visualization and interaction. In this paper, we show that it is possible to address various use contexts, when adding the ability to visualize and interact with the sewer 3D model in virtual reality (VR) and in ex situ / in situ augmented reality (AR). These experiments will be further experimented to validate our hypotheses to favor collaboration, immersion for simulation and training, and more secured urban development

Rendu et représentation graphiques d'informations spatio-temporelles

National audienceCet article de positionnement expose une partie des questions de recherche et travaux en cours de notre équipe en géovisualisation (équipe GEOVIS du laboratoire LaSTIG), concernant la visualisation et l'analyse visuelle d'informations spatio-temporelles sur le territoire, via l'interaction et l'immersion. Les questions classiques de la géovisualisation perdurent-quelles représentations graphiques, quelles interfaces, quelle qualité. Néanmoins, le contexte a évolué : la complexité des phénomènes et dyna-miques physiques, historiques, sociologiques et leurs interactions avec l'espace géographique, ainsi que le volume de données spatiales hétérogènes, et les besoins d'utilisateurs très variés en capacités de vision, perception et cognition, nécessitent de faire encore plus converger des domaines connexes sur la représentation graphique et l'exploration de données, pour améliorer les capacités d'analyse visuelle en géovisualisation. En particulier, nous présentons ici des questions et travaux de recherche spécifiques à l'exploration interactive des capacités de rendu et de représentation (carto)graphique de données spatio-temporelles dans le contexte de la géovisualisation. Ces travaux s'appliquent à des problématiques liées à la visua-lisation des espaces géographiques urbains et à des problématiques d'analyse de dynamiques urbaines (historique, planification), et de dynamiques géophysiques (inondations, météorologie). Ces travaux sont implémentés sur une plateforme open source de visualisation 3D

Identification of styles in topographic maps

Great importance is attached to appearance of maps because the look of a map is a great factor of readability. In that sense, we also think that map users are confident of some recognizable styles, in particular in topographic map design. If we could formalize topographic styles, we should be able to propose to users automated methods to apply well-known styles on their data. This paper presents a part of a PhD thesis aiming at formalizing cartographic styles, especially what is meaningful according to related geographical spaces and cartographic practices. A method of comparison of topographic maps, based on French and Swiss topographic maps is detailed: our purpose is to distinguish which parameters and processes in the map design process make a significant visual impact, thus conveying a topographic style

Designing geovisual analytics environments and displays with humans in mind

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Modèle de conception cartographique intégrant l'expérience utilisateur

International audienceThe use of geoportals facilitates access to reference topographic representations (IGN 1 , OSM 2 , etc.). In most cases, geoportals do not offer legend to users, thus impacting the interpretation and assimilation of visualised geographic information. Likewise, in some cases, particularly in border areas, geoportals provide heterogeneous representations of the territory that are difficult for users to interpret. In this context, the major challenge is to enrich the existing knowledge of cartographic design in order to produce easily interpretable cartographic representations that minimise the use of the legend. We propose a user-centred cartographic design model based on two key concepts: the visual signature and the cartographic family. These two concepts allow a map producer to design a map by taking into account the elements of legend learnt by users during their different cartographic experiences. In order to validate our model, we test it to design homogeneous cartographic representation at the Franco-Swiss border.L'usage des portails cartographiques facilite l'accès aux représentations topographiques de référence (IGN, OSM, etc.). Le plus souvent, les portails cartographiques ne proposent pas de légende aux utilisateurs, impactant ainsi l'interprétation et l'assimilation de l'information géographique visualisée. De même, dans certains cas, notamment sur les zones frontalières, les portails cartographiques proposent des représentations du territoire hétérogènes et difficilement interprétables pour les utilisateurs. Dans ce contexte, l'enjeu est d'enrichir les connaissances existantes sur la rédaction cartographique pour produire des représentations cartographiques facilement interprétables minimisant l'aide de la légende. Nous proposons un modèle de conception cart-graphique centrée sur l'utilisateur comprenant deux concepts clés : la signature visuelle et la famille cartographique. Ces deux concepts permettent à un concepteur de produire une carte en tenant compte des éléments de légende appris par les utilisateurs au cours de leurs différentes expériences cartographiques. Afin de valider notre proposition, nous testons notre modèle sur la conception d'une représentation cartographique homogène à la frontière franco-suisse

Map Style Formalization: Rendering Techniques Extension for Cartography

International audienceCartographic design requires controllable methods and tools to produce maps that are adapted to users' needs and preferences. The formalized rules and constraints for cartographic representation come mainly from the conceptual framework of graphic semiology. Most current Geographical Information Systems (GIS) rely on the Styled Layer Descriptor and Semiology Encoding (SLD/SE) specifications which provide an XML schema describing the styling rules to be applied on geographic data to draw a map. Although this formalism is relevant for most usages in cartography, it fails to describe complex cartographic and artistic styles. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose an extension of the existing SLD/SE specifications to manage extended map stylizations, by the means of controllable expressive methods. Inspired by artistic and cartographic sources (Cassini maps, mountain maps, artistic movements, etc.), we propose to integrate into our system three main expressive methods: linear stylization, patch-based region filling and vector texture generation. We demonstrate how our pipeline allows to personalize map rendering with expressive methods in several examples

Poly-phased fluid flow in the giant fossil pockmark of Beauvoisin, SE basin of France

The giant Jurassic-aged pockmark field of Beauvoisin developed in a 800 m wide depression for over 3.4 Ma during the Oxfordian; it formed below about 600 m water depth. It is composed of sub-sites organized in clusters and forming vertically stacked carbonate lenses encased in marls . This fine-scale study is focused on a detailed analysis of petrographical organization and geochemical signatures of crystals that grew up in early to late fractures of carbonate lenses, surrounding nodules, and tubes that fed them. The isotopic signature (C, O and Sr) shows that at least three different episodes of fluid migration participated to the mineralization processes. Most of the carbonates precipitated when biogenic seepage was active in the shallow subsurface during the Oxfordian. The second phase occurred relatively soon after burial during early Cretaceous and thermogenic fluids came probably from underlying Pliensbachian, Late Toarcian or Bajocian levels. The third phase is a bitumen-rich fluid probably related to these levels reaching the oil window during Mio-Pliocene. The fluids migrated through faults induced by the emplacement of Triassic-salt diapir of Propiac during the Late Jurassic and that remained polyphased drain structures over time

Urban climate services : climate impact projections and their uncertainties at city scale

In many cities across Europe, both urban authorities and private actors have made strong commitments to adapt to future climate changes. Although a lot of climate information is available at the global and regional scale, this is often not the case at the local urban scale. Moreover, such information should account for a wide range of uncertainty factors ranging from global to city-scale development scenarios to uncertainties due to model errors. In an effort to lay the methodological groundworks for reliable urban climate services, URCLIM explores a compound handling of these uncertainties for various European cities and applies it to the assessment of adaptation measures