Sports anthropological and somatotypical investigation of male and female Latin dancers

The present study examines anthropometric and somatotypical differences of German Latin dancers in Usingen (n=19 women, n=16 men, age span 16–30 years, district and regional league) and gym visitors (30 females, 32 males, age span 16–40 years). Each proband participated voluntarily. Anthropometric data and and somatotypical parameters in this work correspond to international standards.In both sexes the mean body weight and mean the BMI of gym visitors are higher than the corresponding parameters of Latin dancers (Females: Weight (kg) Fitness Sports vs. Latin dance: 61.6 vs. 58.9 kg, BMI: 21.8 vs. 21.1 kg/m²; Males: 77.0 vs. 76.5 kg, 23.7 vs. 23.1 kg/m²).The female (male) dancers are generally in the hypoplastic – leptomorphic (metroplastic – hypoplastic – leptomorphic) region of Conrad’s chessboard graphic.In the somatochart after Parnell the focus of the distribution of the female (male) dancers is the endomorphic (mesomorphic) area.In the somatochart after Heath and Carter a significant accumulation of the female dancers in the endomorphic area is noticeable, at low scattering in comparison to the female gym visitors. For men, both collectives accumulate in the mesomorphic sector with less scattering of the dancers.In conjunction with the also measured higher body fat percentage of the dancers of both sexes compared to the control fitness group here, there is a clear signal to optimize the nutritional status and the body composition of the investigated German Latin dancers in Usingen.On the other hand, the results support the earlier postulate of Kretschmer (1921), who stated that pyknic physique types in dance sport are more common than others somatotypes

Two-phase flow experiments in a model of the hot leg of a pressurised water reactor

In order to investigate the two-phase flow behaviour in a complex reactor-typical geometry and to supply suitable data for CFD code validation, a model of the hot leg of a pressurised water reactor was built at FZD. The hot leg model is operated in the pressure chamber of the TOPFLOW test facility, which is used to perform high-pressure experiments under pressure equilibrium with the inside atmosphere of the chamber. This technique makes it possible to visualise the two-phase flow through large windows, also at reactor-typical pressure levels. In order to optimise the optical observation possibilities, the test section was designed with a rectangular cross-section. Experiments were performed with air and water at 1.5 and 3.0 bar at room temperature as well as with steam and water at 15, 30 and 50 bar and the corresponding saturation temperature (i.e. up to 264°C). The total of 194 runs are divided into 4 types of experiments covering stationary co-current flow, counter-current flow, flow without water circulation and transient counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) experiments. This report provides a detailed documentation of the experiments including information on the experimental setup, experimental procedure, test matrix and on the calibration of the measuring devices. The available data is described and data sheets were arranged for each experiment in order to give an overview of the most important parameters. For the cocurrent flow experiments, water level histograms were arranged and used to characterise the flow in the hot leg. In fact, the form of the probability distribution was found to be sensitive to the boundary conditions and, therefore, is useful for the CFD comparison. Furthermore, the flooding characteristics of the hot leg model plotted in terms of the classical Wallis parameter or Kutateladze number were found to fail to properly correlate the data of the air/water and steam/water series. Therefore, a modified Wallis parameter is proposed, which takes the effect of viscosity into account

The Clinical and Socio-Economic Relevance of Increased IPMN Detection Rates and Management Choices

Background: Increased usage of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has led to a large increase in identified pancreatic cysts of up to 25% in population-based studies. The clinical and economic relevance of identifying so many cystic lesions has not been established. Compared to other organs such as liver or kidney, dysontogenetic pancreatic cysts are rare. Pancreatic cysts comprise a variety of benign, premalignant or malignant lesions; however, precise diagnosis before resection has an accuracy of only 80%. The focus of recent research was the malignant potential of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) with the aim of establishing clinical pathways addressing risk of malignancy, age and comorbidity, treatment-related morbidity and mortality as well as cost-effectiveness of treatment and surveillance. The focus of this review is to analyze the clinical and socio-economic relevance as well as the cost-benefit relation for IPMNs. Methods: For analysis, the following MESH terms were used to identify original articles, reviews, and guidelines in PubMed: (‘intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm' OR ‘pancreatic cysts') and (incidence OR relevance OR socio-economic OR economic OR cost-effectiveness OR cost-benefit). The retrieved publications were reviewed with a focus on clinical and socio-economic relevance in relation to the increasing incidence of IPMN. Results: Addressing the increasing prevalence of pancreatic cystic lesions, recent consensus guidelines suggested criteria for risk stratification according to ‘worrisome features' and ‘high-risk stigmata'. Recent prospective cohort studies evaluated whether these can be applied in clinical practice. Evaluation of three different clinical scenarios with regard to costs and quality-adjusted life years suggested a better effectiveness of surveillance after initial risk stratification by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration with cyst fluid analysis compared with immediate resection or follow-up without further intervention. Of interest, the ‘immediate surgery' strategy was lowest for cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: The increasing incidence of identified pancreatic cysts requires an improved strategy for non-invasive risk stratification based on advanced imaging strategies. In light of a malignancy risk of 2% for branch-duct IPMN, the socio-economic necessity of a balance between surveillance and resection has to be agreed on

Narrow mutational signatures drive acquisition of multidrug resistance in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata

Fungal infections are a growing medical concern, in part due to increased resistance to one or multiple antifungal drugs. However, the evolutionary processes underpinning the acquisition of antifungal drug resistance are poorly understood. Here, we used experimental microevolution to study the adaptation of the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata to fluconazole and anidulafungin, two widely used antifungal drugs with different modes of action. Our results show widespread ability of rapid adaptation to one or both drugs. Resistance, including multidrug resistance, is often acquired at moderate fitness costs and mediated by mutations in a limited set of genes that are recurrently and specifically mutated in strains adapted to each of the drugs. Importantly, we uncover a dual role of ERG3 mutations in resistance to anidulafungin and cross-resistance to fluconazole in a subset of anidulafungin-adapted strains. Our results shed light on the mutational paths leading to resistance and cross-resistance to antifungal drugs.The authors thank Ester Saus, Jesse Willis, and Cinta Pegueroles for their help and technical assistance with some of the analyses. M.A.S.-T. received a predoctoral fellowship from the ‘‘Caixa’’ Foundation (LCF/BQ/DR19/11740023). The T.G. group acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant no. PGC2018-099921-B-I00, cofounded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); from the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; from the Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR) SGR423; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. ERC-2016-724173; and the Marie Sk1odowska-Curie grant agreement no. H2020-MSCA-IF-2017-793699. The group also receives support from an INB grant (PT17/0009/0023-ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF). The Bioactive Microbial Metabolites research platform (BiMM) is supported by grants K3- G-2/026-2013 and COMBIS/ LS16005, both funded by the Lower Austria Science and Education Fund (NfB).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Comparing the Ligand Behavior of N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium and Nitrosyl Units in Iron and Chromium Complexes

N-Heterocyclic phosphenium (NHP) and nitro-sonium (NO+) ligands are often viewed as isolobal analogues that share the capability to switch between different charge states and thus display redox "noninnocent" behavior. We report here on mixed complexes [(NHP)M(CO)(n)(NO)] (M = Fe, Cr; n = 2, 3), which permit evaluating the donor/acceptor properties of both types of ligands and their interplay in a single complex. The crystalline target compounds were obtained from reactions of N-heterocyclic phosphenium triflates with PPN[Fe(CO)(3)(NO)] or PPN[Cr(CO)(4)-(NO)], respectively, and fully characterized (PPN = nitride-bistriphenylphosphonium cation). The structural and spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis) data support the presence of carbene-analogue NHP ligands with an overall positive charge state and pi-acceptor character. Even if the structural features of the M-NO unit were in all but one product blurred by crystallographic CO/NO disorder, spectroscopic studies and the structural data of the remaining compound suggest that the NO units exhibit nitroxide (NO-) character. This assignment was validated by computational studies, which reveal also that the electronic structure of iron NHP/ NO complexes is closely akin to that of the Hieber anion, [Fe(CO)(3)(NO)](-). The electrophilic character of the NHP units is further reflected in the chemical behavior of the mixed complexes. Cyclic voltammetry and IR-SEC studies revealed that complex [(NHP)Fe(CO)(2) (NO)] (4) undergoes chemically reversible one-electron reduction. Computational studies indicate that the NHP unit in the resulting product carries significant radical character, and the reduction may thus be classified as predominantly ligand-centered. Reaction of 4 with sodium azide proceeded likewise under nucleophilic attack at phosphorus and decomplexation, while super hydride and methyl lithium reacted with all chromium and iron complexes via transfer of a hydride or methyl anion to the NHP unit to afford anionic phosphine complexes. Some of these species were isolated after cation exchange or trapped with electrophiles (H+, SnPh3(+)) to afford neutral complexes representing the products of a formal hydrogenation or hydrostannylation of the original M=P double bond.Peer reviewe

Intra-abdominal adipose tissue of laboratory mice adapted to different temperature regimes

For the first time the presence of beige adipocytes, cellularity, basic metabolic parameters of perigonadal abdominal fat have studied in autbred laboratory mice kept at different temperature regimes: 1) 30°С (thermoneutral zone) and 2) regular daily 8-hour cold exposures. Unlike brown fat in the abdominal depot, temperature-dependent changes of these parameters were not detected. The functions of the beige adipocytes of the abdominal depot were discussed

IoTSan: Fortifying the Safety of IoT Systems

Today's IoT systems include event-driven smart applications (apps) that interact with sensors and actuators. A problem specific to IoT systems is that buggy apps, unforeseen bad app interactions, or device/communication failures, can cause unsafe and dangerous physical states. Detecting flaws that lead to such states, requires a holistic view of installed apps, component devices, their configurations, and more importantly, how they interact. In this paper, we design IoTSan, a novel practical system that uses model checking as a building block to reveal "interaction-level" flaws by identifying events that can lead the system to unsafe states. In building IoTSan, we design novel techniques tailored to IoT systems, to alleviate the state explosion associated with model checking. IoTSan also automatically translates IoT apps into a format amenable to model checking. Finally, to understand the root cause of a detected vulnerability, we design an attribution mechanism to identify problematic and potentially malicious apps. We evaluate IoTSan on the Samsung SmartThings platform. From 76 manually configured systems, IoTSan detects 147 vulnerabilities. We also evaluate IoTSan with malicious SmartThings apps from a previous effort. IoTSan detects the potential safety violations and also effectively attributes these apps as malicious.Comment: Proc. of the 14th ACM CoNEXT, 201

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rate and SARS-CoV-2 infection of health care workers in aerosol-generating medical disciplines

Healthcare workers (HCW) who perform aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data on infection rates and vaccination are limited. A nationwide, cross-sectional study focusing on AGP-related specialties was conducted between 3 May 2021 and 14 June 2021. Vaccination rates among HCW, perception of infection risk, and infection rates were analyzed, focusing on the comparison of gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) and other AGP-related specialties (NON-GIE), from the beginning of the pandemic until the time point of the study. Infections rates among HCW developed similarly to the general population during the course of the pandemic, however, with significantly higher infections rates among the GIE specialty. The perceived risk of infection was distributed similarly among HCW in GIE and NON-GIE (91.7%, CI: 88.6–94.4 vs. 85.8%, CI: 82.4–89.0; p < 0.01) with strongest perceived threats posed by AGPs (90.8%) and close patient contact (70.1%). The very high vaccination rate (100–80%) among physicians was reported at 83.5%, being significantly more frequently reported than among nurses (56.4%, p < 0.01). GIE had more often stated very high vaccination rate compared with NON-GIE (76.1% vs. 65.3%, p < 0.01). A significantly higher rate of GIE was reported to have fewer concerns regarding infection risk after vaccination than NON-GIE (92.0% vs. 80.3%, p < 0.01)

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Rate and SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Health Care Workers in Aerosol-Generating Medical Disciplines

Healthcare workers (HCW) who perform aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data on infection rates and vaccination are limited. A nationwide, cross-sectional study focusing on AGP-related specialties was conducted between 3 May 2021 and 14 June 2021. Vaccination rates among HCW, perception of infection risk, and infection rates were analyzed, focusing on the comparison of gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) and other AGP-related specialties (NON-GIE), from the beginning of the pandemic until the time point of the study. Infections rates among HCW developed similarly to the general population during the course of the pandemic, however, with significantly higher infections rates among the GIE specialty. The perceived risk of infection was distributed similarly among HCW in GIE and NON-GIE (91.7%, CI: 88.6–94.4 vs. 85.8%, CI: 82.4–89.0; p < 0.01) with strongest perceived threats posed by AGPs (90.8%) and close patient contact (70.1%). The very high vaccination rate (100–80%) among physicians was reported at 83.5%, being significantly more frequently reported than among nurses (56.4%, p < 0.01). GIE had more often stated very high vaccination rate compared with NON-GIE (76.1% vs. 65.3%, p < 0.01). A significantly higher rate of GIE was reported to have fewer concerns regarding infection risk after vaccination than NON-GIE (92.0% vs. 80.3%, p < 0.01)

Автоматизированная информационно-библиотечная система «Библиобус»: современная версия

The article is devoted to the work of the automated information library system (AILS) “Bibliobus”, developed by specialists of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LNS RAS). The purpose of this article is to acquaint readers of the journal with the specific features of the modern AILS “Bibliobus” that provides complex automation of the main technological processes on the “way of book” of non-periodicals received in the centralized library system (CLS) holdings of LNS RAS. The authors describe capability features and functions of the system, the rules of work with it, the user interface for performing work related to centralized acquisition, book registration and distribution of the incoming books between the CLS libraries, cataloguing, classifying, etc. The system has a number of features that distinguish it from most automated library systems. It is focused on the centralized library network; part of the information is entered in the Centre, part — interactively in the libraries of the network; all the accounting and financial documents required by the centralized system are generated automatically. The AILS “Bibliobus” widely uses the bar coding, it applies to all stages of publication processing on the “way of book”; the bar codes appear on all supporting documents and printed cards. When cataloguing the publications, bibliographer introduces in the main “window” of system the bibliographic description in the format of State Standard GOST 7.1—2003 with some mark-ups, and in additional “windows” — the maximum possible metadata, providing multi-aspect search of the publication in the catalogue; the search fields for e-catalogue are generated automatically. The AILS “Bibliobus” provides for the formation of multi-level records. Its database stores the images of scanned text pages displayed in the electronic catalogue; all operations are logged with the start and end time, which allowed building on its basis a powerful reference and statistical system. The system has a modern user interface that allows the operator to obtain multiple information on various aspects of technological operations.Статья посвящена работе автоматизированной информационно-библиотечной системы (АИБС) «Библиобус», разработанной специалистами Библиотеки по естественным наукам Российской академии наук (БЕН РАН). Цель статьи — познакомить читателей журнала с особенностями современной АИБС «Библиобус», обеспечивающей комплексную автоматизацию основных технологических процессов по «пути книги» непериодических изданий, поступающих в фонды ЦБС БЕН РАН. Описываются возможности и функции системы, правила работы с ней, пользовательский интерфейс при выполнении работ, связанных с централизованным комплектованием, регистрацией поступлений и распределением поступающих книг между библиотеками ЦБС, каталогизацией, систематизацией и т. д. Система имеет ряд особенностей, отличающих ее от большинства автоматизированных библиотечных систем. Она ориентирована на централизованную библиотечную сеть, часть информации вводится в центре, часть — в библиотеках сети в интерактивном режиме; все необходимые для централизованной системы учетно-финансовые документы формируются автоматически. В АИБС «Библиобус» широко используется штрих-кодирование — оно применяется на всех этапах обработки издания по «пути книги», штрих-коды выводятся на все сопроводительные документы и на печатные карточки. При каталогизации изданий библиограф вводит в основное «окно» системы библиографическое описание в формате ГОСТ 7.1—2003 с некоторой разметкой, а в дополнительные «окна» — максимально возможное количество метаданных, обеспечивающих многоаспектный поиск издания в каталоге; поисковые поля для электронного каталога формируются автоматически. АИБС «Библиобус» предусматривает формирование многоуровневых записей. В ее базе данных хранятся образы отсканированных страниц текста, выводимые в электронный каталог; протоколируются все операции с указанием времени начала и конца, что позволило построить на ее основе мощную справочно-статистическую систему. Система обладает современным пользовательским интерфейсом, позволяющим оператору получать информацию по различным аспектам технологических операций