第1058回千葉医学会例会・整形外科例会

Accessions of the WOSR populations. (XLSX 13 kb

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Caractérisation de la réponse écophysiologique du chou-fleur (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) à une carence temporaire en azote. ( Application à la mise en évidence de différences variétales )

La culture du chou-fleur en Europe de l ouest, et en particulier en Bretagne (France), est incluse dans les systèmes de culture légumiers intensifs où les pratiques de fertilisation azotée doivent ête mieux raisonnées pour limiter leurs impacts environnementaux, tout en maintenant la productivité des cultures. Cependant, dans ces systèmes de culture où la fourniture en azote du sol et des résidus des cultures précédentes est importante mais variable en fonction des conditions environnementales, la réduction de la fertilisation azotée est susceptible d induire pour les plantes des périodes de carence temporaire en azote. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de ce travail étaient i) de carctériser les réponses écophysiologiques du chou-fleur à une carence temporaire en azote appliquée pendant la phase végétative, ii) d examiner si il existait une variabilité génétique dans ces réponses, et iii) d identifier des variables eco-physiologiques qui pourraient jouer un rôle d indicateur de la nutrition azotée chez le chou-fleur. Dans la première partie de cette étude, un criblage a été réalisé sur 22 variétés de chou-fleur soumies, à un stade jeune, à deux niveaux de nutrition azotée limitante. A travers la production de matière sèche par les plantes, l allocation de celle-ci entre parties aérienne et racinaire, et l absorption d azote, des différences variétales ont été mises en évidence, ce qui a permis de sélectionner quatre variétés présentant des réponses contrastées au manque d azote.Cauliflower crops in West Europe, especially in Brittany (France) are included in intensive systems of vegetable cultures, where the nitrogen inputs have to be better controlled to limit impacts on environment all around maintaining the crop productivity. Nevertheless, in these field vegetable productions where nitrogen supply from soil and culture residues is important, but variable in function of environmental conditions, the reduction of nitrogen fertilisation is able to induce for plants periods of temporary nitrogen deficiency. In this context, the aims of this work were to i) characterise the eco-physiological answeres of the cauliflower to a temporary nitrogen deficiency applied during the vegetative growth, ii) to examine if there was a genetic variability in (these) answers, and iii) to identify eco-physiological variables which could be used as an indicator of nitrogen nutrition for the cauliflower. In the first part of this study, a screening has bee release on 22 cauliflower warieties submitted at an early stage of development, to two levels of nitrogen deficiency. Through the dry matter production of plants, the dry matter allocation between varieties have been shown, which allowed us to select four varieties presenting contrasted response to nitrogen deficiency.RENNES-Agrocampus-CRD (352382323) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency, Mediated by Fine Root Growth, Early Determines Temporal and Genotypic Variations in Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape

International audienceMaintaining seed yield under low N inputs is a major issue for breeding, which requires thoroughly exploiting the genetic diversity of processes related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). However, dynamic analysis of processes underlying genotypic variations in NUE in response to N availability from sowing to harvest are scarce, particularly at the whole-plant scale. This study aimed to dynamically decipher the contributions of Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency (NUpE) and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) to NUE and to identify traits underlying NUpE genetic variability throughout the growth cycle of rapeseed. Three experiments were conducted under field-like conditions to evaluate seven genotypes under two N conditions. We developed NUE_DM (ratio of total plant biomass to the amount of N available) as a new proxy of NUE at harvest, valid to discriminate genotypes from the end of inflorescence emergence, and N conditions as early as the beginning of stem elongation. During autumn growth, NUpE explained up to 100% of variations in NUE_DM, validating the major role of NUpE in NUE shaping. During this period, under low N conditions, up to 53% of the plant nitrogen was absorbed and NUpE genetic variability resulted not from differences in Specific N Uptake but in fine-root growth. NUtE mainly contributed to NUE_DM genotypic variation during the reproductive phase under high-N conditions, but NUpE contribution still accounted for 50–75% after flowering. Our study highlights for the first time NUpE and fine-root growth as important processes to optimize NUE, which opens new prospects for breeding

Deciphering the response of winter oilseed rape to nitrogen inputs: fine roots do matter in Nitrogen Use Efficiency!

International audienc

Why does it matter to consider processes instead of variables for deciphering NUE in oilseed rape? The case study of leaf area and whole-plant N quantity

National audienc

Nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed. A review

International audienceAbstractMineral nitrogen fertilization has improved crop yield over the last century but has also caused air and water pollution. Reduction of nitrogen inputs and maintaining high yields are therefore essential to ensure a more sustainable agriculture. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops is therefore needed. Rapeseed, Brassica napus, depends on nitrogen fertilization due to its low NUE, with the ratio of plant nitrogen content to nitrogen supplied often not exceeding 60 %. Here, we review the major phenotypic traits associated with NUE in B. napus, with special emphasis on winter oilseed rape. We discuss the genetic diversity available and potential breeding strategies. The major points are the following: (1) rapeseed seed yield elaboration is complex, with overlapping phases of nitrogen uptake and remobilization during the crop cycle; (2) traits related to nitrogen uptake, such as root length and the amount of nitrogen absorbed after flowering, and traits related to nitrogen remobilization, such as the “stay-green” phenotype, have been identified as possible levers to improve NUE in rapeseed; (3) a substantial body of studies investigating the genetic control of NUE traits have already published and potential candidate genes identified; and (4) rapeseed genetic diversity may be enriched by exploiting interpopulation genetic variation and the closely related gene pools of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea

Envirotypes Based on Seed Yield Limiting Factors Allow to Tackle G × E Interactions

International audienc

Deciphering the genetic diversity of WOSR seed yield elaboration and NUE in the field: what is the relative contribution of plant growth, leaf area dynamics, N uptake and N use efficiencies during the crop cycle?

International audienc