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Effect of flood basalt stratigraphy on seismic waveforms recorded offshore Faroe Islands

The generation of short-period multiples between highly heterogeneous layers of basalt flows can strongly alter transmitted seismic wavefields. These layers filter and modify penetrating waves, producing apparent attenuation and phase changes in the observed waveforms. We investigated the waveform and apparent phase changes of the primary seismic signal using mainly the maximum kurtosis approach. We compared the seismic recordings from two short-offset vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) with synthetic seismograms, generated from sonic logs in the same wells, and we found that short-period multiples cause a rapid broadening of the primary arrivals and strong apparent phase changes within a short depth interval below the top of the basalt flows. Relatively large uncertainties were associated with estimating constant phase shifts of the seismic arrivals within the topmost 250 m of the basalt sequences, where complex scattering occurred. Within this interval of the Brugdan I well, a phase-only compensation of the first arrivals with a frequency-independent, combined scattering, and intrinsic attenuation operator was unfeasible. At a greater depth, we found that the phase shifts, predicted by a VSP-derived effective Q value, were similar to those estimated from the VSP signals using the kurtosis method. Thus, phase-only compensation with a combined scattering and intrinsic attenuation operator could work well depending on the seismic signal bandwidth and the distribution, depth, and magnitude of the impedance contrasts in the basalt sequence

Penerapan Aspek Hukum Terhadap Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (Studi Kasus: Proyek the Lagoon Tamansari Bahu Mall)

Proyek konstruksi sangat rentan terhadap kecelakaan kerja. Keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja bertujuan untuk menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung Kenyamanan kerja bagi tenaga kerja, sehingga dapat memperkecil angka kecelakaan dan penyakit kerja pada suatu proyek konstruksi. Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan undang-undang dan berbagai peraturan menyangkut keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3). Tetapi semua USAha pemerintah tidak akan berhasil tanpa adanya respon dari Perusahaan-Perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang konstruksi. Wawancara serta observasi telah dilakukan terhadap pekerja, pimpinan proyek dan safety officer pada proyek the Lagoon Tamansari untuk meneliti apakah dalam pelaksanaan proyek tersebut sudah menerapkan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). Dasar penerapan SMK3 disesuaikan dengan standar Internasional yaitu OHSAS 18001:2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan aspek hukum terhadap K3 pada proyek ini sudah baik karena setiap elemen K3 telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan peraturan Perundangan-undangan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah maupun peraturan dan sangsi yang dikeluarkan oleh Perusahaan, dalam hal ini PT.Wika Gedung. Hal ini berpengaruh baik kepada tenaga kerja maupun Perusahaan karena dapat menghindari kecelakaan dan penyakit kerja serta pelanggaran kerja dalam proyek the Lagoon Tamansari. Dengan adanya peraturan Perundangan undangan tersebut maka telah lengkap landasan hukum untuk melaksanakan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3). Untuk mengetahui penerapan aspek hukum dan juga manajemen K3, PT. Wika Gedung mengadakan Inspeksi K3, Audit K3 dan Tindakan Perbaikan dan Pencegahan. Hal ini dilakukan agar Perusahaan dapat mengidentifikasi kondisi yang beresiko agar bisa dilakukan tindakan perbaikan dan juga mengevaluasi pelaksanaan manajemen K3 apakah sudah berjalan baik atau tidak. Sehingga dapat dikatakan PT. Wika Gedung sudah berhasil menerapkan Peraturan Perundangan undangan K3

Exploring views on satisfaction with life in young children with chronic illness: an innovative approach to the collection of self-report data from children under 11

The objective of this study was to explore young children’s views on the impact of chronic illness on their life in order to inform future development of a patient-based self-report health outcome measure. We describe an approach to facilitating self-report views from young children with chronic illness. A board game was designed in order to obtain qualitative data from 39 children with a range of chronic illness conditions and 38 healthy controls ranging in age from 3 to 11 years. The format was effective in engaging young children in a self-report process of determining satisfaction with life and identified nine domains. The board game enabled children aged 5–11 years with chronic illness to describe the effects of living with illness on home, family, friends, school and life in general. It generated direct, non-interpreted material from children who, because of their age, may have been considered unable or limited their ability to discuss and describe how they feel. Obtaining this information for children aged 4 and under continues to be a challenge

Characterizing the gut microbiome in trauma: significant changes in microbial diversity occur early after severe injury.

Background:Recent studies have demonstrated the vital influence of commensal microbial communities on human health. The central role of the gut in the response to injury is well described; however, no prior studies have used culture-independent profiling techniques to characterize the gut microbiome after severe trauma. We hypothesized that in critically injured patients, the gut microbiome would undergo significant compositional changes in the first 72 hours after injury. Methods:Trauma stool samples were prospectively collected via digital rectal examination at the time of presentation (0 hour). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (n=12) had additional stool samples collected at 24 hours and/or 72 hours. Uninjured patients served as controls (n=10). DNA was extracted from stool samples and 16S rRNA-targeted PCR amplification was performed; amplicons were sequenced and binned into operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% sequence similarity). Diversity was analyzed using principle coordinates analyses, and negative binomial regression was used to determine significantly enriched OTUs. Results:Critically injured patients had a median Injury Severity Score of 27 and suffered polytrauma. At baseline (0 hour), there were no detectable differences in gut microbial community diversity between injured and uninjured patients. Injured patients developed changes in gut microbiome composition within 72 hours, characterized by significant alterations in phylogenetic composition and taxon relative abundance. Members of the bacterial orders Bacteroidales, Fusobacteriales and Verrucomicrobiales were depleted during 72 hours, whereas Clostridiales and Enterococcus members enriched significantly. Discussion:In this initial study of the gut microbiome after trauma, we demonstrate that significant changes in phylogenetic composition and relative abundance occur in the first 72 hours after injury. This rapid change in intestinal microbiota represents a critical phenomenon that may influence outcomes after severe trauma. A better understanding of the nature of these postinjury changes may lead to the ability to intervene in otherwise pathological clinical trajectories. Level of evidence:III. Study type:Prognostic/epidemiological

Characterisation of Nav types endogenously expressed in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is a potentially useful model for the identification and characterisation of Na(v) modulators, but little is known about the pharmacology of their endogenously expressed Na(v)s. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of endogenous Na(v) α and β subunits in SH-SY5Y cells using PCR and immunohistochemical approaches, and pharmacologically characterise the Na(v) isoforms endogenously expressed in this cell line using electrophysiological and fluorescence approaches. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were found to endogenously express several Na(v) isoforms including Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.7. Activation of endogenously expressed Na(v)s with veratridine or the scorpion toxin OD1 caused membrane depolarisation and subsequent Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated L- and N-type calcium channels, allowing Na(v) activation to be detected with membrane potential and fluorescent Ca(2) dyes. μ-Conotoxin TIIIA and ProTxII identified Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.7 as the major contributors of this response. The Na(v)1.7-selective scorpion toxin OD1 in combination with veratridine produced a Na(v)1.7-selective response, confirming that endogenously expressed human Na(v)1.7 in SH-SY5Y cells is functional and can be synergistically activated, providing a new assay format for ligand screening.NHMRC Program Grant: 056992

phot1 inhibition of ABCB19 primes lateral auxin fluxes in the shoot apex required for phototropism

It is well accepted that lateral redistribution of the phytohormone auxin underlies the bending of plant organs towards light. In monocots, photoreception occurs at the shoot tip above the region of differential growth. Despite more than a century of research, it is still unresolved how light regulates auxin distribution and where this occurs in dicots. Here, we establish a system in Arabidopsis thaliana to study hypocotyl phototropism in the absence of developmental events associated with seedling photomorphogenesis. We show that auxin redistribution to the epidermal sites of action occurs at and above the hypocotyl apex, not at the elongation zone. Within this region, we identify the auxin efflux transporter ATP-BINDING CASSETTE B19 (ABCB19) as a substrate target for the photoreceptor kinase PHOTOTROPIN 1 (phot1). Heterologous expression and physiological analyses indicate that phosphorylation of ABCB19 by phot1 inhibits its efflux activity, thereby increasing auxin levels in and above the hypocotyl apex to halt vertical growth and prime lateral fluxes that are subsequently channeled to the elongation zone by PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3). Together, these results provide new insights into the roles of ABCB19 and PIN3 in establishing phototropic curvatures and demonstrate that the proximity of light perception and differential phototropic growth is conserved in angiosperm

Nonprofit governance: Improving performance in troubled economic times

Nonprofit management is currently pressured to perform effectively in a weak economy. Yet, nonprofit governance continues to suffer from unclear conceptions of the division of labor between board of directors and executive directors. This online survey of 114 executive directors aims to provide clarification and recommendations for social administration