Disposition und Steuerung des Wareneingangs in einem Transportermontagewerk

Die Leistungsfähigkeit produzierender Unternehmen ist maßgeblich von der Steuerung logistischer Prozesse bestimmt. Im Sinne einer Effizienzmaximierung der nachfragebasierten Materialversorgung kommt dem Informationsfluss eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Dabei ist eine einwandfreie Datenerfassung, als Schnittstelle zwischen Informations- und Materialfluss, essentiell. Allerdings kann eine fehlerfreie Erfassung logistikrelevanter Daten entlang der Supply Chain aufgrund manueller Identifizierungsabläufe nicht immer gewährleistet werden. Dies kann die Fähigkeit der effizienten Prozesssteuerung stark einschränken und demzufolge zu empfindlichen Einschnitten bezüglich der Prozessqualität führen. Der Einsatz automatischer Identifizierungssysteme im Unternehmen stellt ein probates Hilfsmittel zur Sicherstellung der logistischen Prozesssicherheit dar. Doch sind bei der Auswahl eines für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall bestgeeigneten Auto-ID-Systems neben monetären auch qualitative Parameter zu untersuchen. Nur so kann sichergestellt werden, dass aus einer Vielzahl möglicher Technologiealternativen eine Systemvariante ausgewählt wird, die die gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen optimal berücksichtigt. Im Nachfolgenden soll die Auswahl eines Auto-ID-Systems exemplarisch erläutert werden. Dazu wird zunächst eine detaillierte Systemanalyse durchgeführt. Zur Bewertung des qualitativen Nutzens der Implementierung eines Auto-ID-Systems kommt eine Nutzwertanalyse zur Anwendung. Des Weiteren wird eine umfassende Investitionsrechnung durchgeführt, bei der sowohl etwaige Investitions- als auch Betriebskosten einbezogen werden, um ebenso quantitative Aufwandsparameter abschätzen zu können. Die abschließende Systemempfehlung erfolgt mittels einer Nutzwert-Kosten-Analyse, bei der die einzelnen Systemalternativen anhand ihrer qualitativen und quantitativen Eigenschaften gegenübergestellt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund der gegebenen Problemstellung hat sich ein WLAN-gestütztes Auto-ID-System als Vorzugsvariante herausgestellt. Es verfügt unter allen Alternativen über das beste Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis und führt zur größtmöglichen Prozessverbesserung.The performance of manufacturers is mainly determined by the control of the logistic processes. To maximize the efficiency of a demand based material fl ow, it is of particular importance to focus on the information fl ow. It is essential to have a perfectly working data recording as interface between the material and information fl ow. However, manual identification procedures in supply chains do not guarantee a faultless recording of relevant data. On the contrary, automatic identification systems are known to ensure logistic process reliability. Against the background of a diversity of available Auto-ID solutions, the choice for an appropriate one needs not only to take into account monetary, but also qualitative parameters. In this way, also on-site conditions are considered. In the following, the selection of an Auto-ID system will be exemplified which is firstly based on a detailed system analysis. Secondly, a value benefit analysis will be conducted that evaluates the qualitative advantages of the implementation of an Auto-ID system. Thirdly, potential expenditures will be estimated by carrying out a comprehensive investment appraisal, focusing both on investment and operating costs. Finally, a system recommendation will be offered as a result from a cost-benefit analysis that compares all system solutions on the basis of their qualitative and quantitative properties. In the given study, a WLAN based Auto-ID system turned out to be the favorable solution. It had the best cost-benefit ratio across all alternatives and led to the largest possible process improvement

Проектна діяльність бібліотек та інформаційних установ

Робоча навчальна програма «Проектна діяльність бібліотек та інформаційних установ» за напрямом підготовки 6.020102 «Книгознавство, бібліотекознавство і бібліографія», галузі знань 0201 «Культура», освітній рівень: перший (бакалаврський). - 2017 р

New Developments in the Field of Reaction Technology: The Multiparallel Reactor HPMR 50-96

Catalytic high-pressure reactions play an important role in classic bulk chemistry. The optimization of common reactions, the search for new and more effective catalysts, and the increasing use of catalytic pressure reactions in the field of drug development call for high-parallel reaction systems. A crucial task of current developments, apart from the parameters of pressure, temperature, and number of reaction chambers, is, in this respect, the systems' integration into complex laboratory automation environments

Immune Modulation to Enhance Bone Healing -A New Concept to Induce Bone Using Prostacyclin to Locally Modulate Immunity

Within an aging population, fracture incidences will rise and with the augmented risks of impaired healing the overall risk of delayed bone regeneration will substantially increase in elderly patients. Thus, new strategies to rescue fracture healing in the elderly are highly warranted. Modulating the initial inflammatory phase toward a reduced pro-inflammation launches new treatment options for delayed or impaired healing specifically in the elderly. Here, we evaluated the capacity of the prostacyclin analog Iloprost to modulate the inflammatory phase toward a pro-regenerative milieu using in vitro as well as in vivo model systems. In vitro, Iloprost administration led to a downregulation of potential unfavorable CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile. Furthermore, Iloprost increased the mineralization capacity of osteogenic induced mesenchymal stromal cells through both direct as well as indirect cues. In an in vivo approach, Iloprost, embedded in a biphasic fibrin scaffold, decreased the pro-inflammatory and simultaneously enhanced the anti-inflammatory phase thereby improving bone healing outcome. Overall, our presented data confirms a possible strategy to modulate the early inflammatory phase in aged individuals toward a physiological healing by a downregulation of an excessive pro-inflammation that otherwise would impair healing. Further confirmation in phase I/II trials, however, is needed to validate the concept in a broader clinical evaluation

Cryo-EM structures reveal intricate Fe-S cluster arrangement and charging in Rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase

Metal-containing formate dehydrogenases (FDH) catalyse the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide at their molybdenum or tungsten active site. They display a diverse subunit and cofactor composition, but structural information on these enzymes is limited. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopic structures of the soluble Rhodobacter capsulatus FDH (RcFDH) as isolated and in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). RcFDH assembles into a 360 kDa dimer of heterotetramers revealing a putative interconnection of electron pathway chains. In the presence of NADH, the RcFDH structure shows charging of cofactors, indicative of an increased electron load

Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Results Using the GastroDuo and the Salivary Tracer Technique: Immediate Release Dosage Forms under Fasting Conditions

The fasted state administration of immediate release (IR) dosage forms is often regarded as uncritical since physiological aspects seem to play a minor role for disintegration and drug release. However, recent in vivo studies in humans have highlighted that fasted state conditions are in fact highly dynamic. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the disintegration and drug release behavior of four different IR formulations of the probe drug caffeine under physiologically relevant conditions with the aid of the GastroDuo. One film-coated tablet and three different capsule formulations based on capsule shells either made from hard gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were tested in six different test programs. To evaluate the relevance of the data generated, the four IR formulations were also studied in a four-way cross-over study in 14 healthy volunteers by using the salivary tracer technique (STT). It could be shown that the IR formulations behaved differently in the in vitro test programs. Thereby, the simulated parameters affected the disintegration and dissolution behavior of the four IR formulations in different ways. Whereas drug release from the tablet started early and was barely affected by temperature, pH or motility, the different capsule formulations showed a longer lag time and were sensitive to specific parameters. However, once drug release was initiated, it typically progressed with a higher rate for the capsules compared to the tablet. Interestingly, the results obtained with the STT were not always in line with the in vitro data. This observation was due to the fact that the probability of the different test programs was not equal and that certain scenarios were rather unlikely to occur under the controlled and standardized conditions of clinical studies. Nonetheless, the in vitro data are still valuable as they allowed to discriminate between different formulations

T Lymphocytes Influence the Mineralization Process of Bone

Bone is a unique organ able to regenerate itself after injuries. This regeneration requires the local interplay between different biological systems such as inflammation and matrix formation. Structural reconstitution is initiated by an inflammatory response orchestrated by the host immune system. However, the individual role of T cells and B cells in regeneration and their relationship to bone tissue reconstitution remain unknown. Comparing bone and fracture healing in animals with and without mature T and B cells revealed the essential role of these immune cells in determining the tissue mineralization and thus the bone quality. Bone without mature T and B cells is stiffer when compared to wild-type bone thus lacking the elasticity that helps to absorb forces, thus preventing fractures. In-depth analysis showed dysregulations in collagen deposition and osteoblast distribution upon lack of mature T and B cells. These changes in matrix deposition have been correlated with T cells rather than B cells within this study. This work presents, for the first time, a direct link between immune cells and matrix formation during bone healing after fracture. It illustrates specifically the role of T cells in the collagen organization process and the lack thereof in the absence of T cells

Experience in the Adaptive Immunity Impacts Bone Homeostasis, Remodeling, and Healing

Bone formation as well as bone healing capacity is known to be impaired in the elderly. Although bone formation is outpaced by bone resorption in aged individuals, we hereby present a novel path that considerably impacts bone formation and architecture: Bone formation is substantially reduced in aged individual owing to the experience of the adaptive immunity. Thus, immune-aging in addition to chronological aging is a potential risk factor, with an experienced immune system being recognized as more pro-inflammatory. The role of the aging immune system on bone homeostasis and on the bone healing cascade has so far not been considered. Within this study mice at different age and immunological experience were analyzed toward bone properties. Healing was assessed by introducing an osteotomy, immune cells were adoptively transferred to disclose the difference in biological vs. chronological aging. In vitro studies were employed to test the interaction of immune cell products (cytokines) on cells of the musculoskeletal system. In metaphyseal bone, immune-aging affects bone homeostasis by impacting bone formation capacity and thereby influencing mass and microstructure of bone trabeculae leading to an overall reduced mechanical competence as found in bone torsional testing. Furthermore, bone formation is also impacted during bone regeneration in terms of a diminished healing capacity observed in young animals who have an experienced human immune system. We show the impact of an experienced immune system compared to a naive immune system, demonstrating the substantial differences in the healing capacity and bone homeostasis due to the immune composition. We further showed that in vivo mechanical stimulation changed the immune system phenotype in young mice toward a more naive composition. While this rescue was found to be significant in young individuals, aged mice only showed a trend toward the reconstitution of a more naive immune phenotype. Considering the immune system's experience level in an individual, will likely allow one to differentiate (stratify) and treat (immune-modulate) patients more effectively. This work illustrates the relevance of including immune diagnostics when discussing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies for the progressively aging population of the industrial countries

Immune Modulation to Enhance Bone Healing—A New Concept to Induce Bone Using Prostacyclin to Locally Modulate Immunity

Within an aging population, fracture incidences will rise and with the augmented risks of impaired healing the overall risk of delayed bone regeneration will substantially increase in elderly patients. Thus, new strategies to rescue fracture healing in the elderly are highly warranted. Modulating the initial inflammatory phase toward a reduced pro-inflammation launches new treatment options for delayed or impaired healing specifically in the elderly. Here, we evaluated the capacity of the prostacyclin analog Iloprost to modulate the inflammatory phase toward a pro-regenerative milieu using in vitro as well as in vivo model systems. In vitro, Iloprost administration led to a downregulation of potential unfavorable CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion profile. Furthermore, Iloprost increased the mineralization capacity of osteogenic induced mesenchymal stromal cells through both direct as well as indirect cues. In an in vivo approach, Iloprost, embedded in a biphasic fibrin scaffold, decreased the pro-inflammatory and simultaneously enhanced the anti-inflammatory phase thereby improving bone healing outcome. Overall, our presented data confirms a possible strategy to modulate the early inflammatory phase in aged individuals toward a physiological healing by a downregulation of an excessive pro-inflammation that otherwise would impair healing. Further confirmation in phase I/II trials, however, is needed to validate the concept in a broader clinical evaluation