High intensity interval training does not have compensatory effects on physical activity levels in older adults

Exercise has beneficial effects on older adults, but controversy surrounds the purported "compensatory effects" that training may have on total daily physical activity and energy expenditure in the elderly. We wanted to determine whether 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced such effects on physical activity and energy expenditure in healthy, active older adult men

Study of the association between gait variability and physical activity

Background: Gait variability can be considered an indirect measure of gait stability, in particular regarding temporal or spatial variability assessment. Physical activity, such as walking, is advised for the elderly and can be improved by gait stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between gait stability and physical activity in women of different age ranges. Methods: Forty-two healthy women of different age ranges (18-40 yrs. and 65-75 yrs.) were recruited in the study. To assess physical activity, the subjects wore a multi-sensor activity monitor for a whole week, inferring the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MVPA were analysed in bouts of at least 10 subsequent minutes (MVPAbouts) and in overall minutes (MVPAtot). A kinematic analysis was performed with an optoelectronic system to calculate gait variability - expressed as standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variability (CV) of step width, stride length, stance and swing time (during treadmill walking at different speeds). Results: Elderly women, with high walking speed (5 km/h), and moderate step width variability (CV = 8â\u80\u9327%), met the recommended levels of physical activity (MVPAtotand MVPAbouts). Furthermore, gait variability, adjusted for age and number of falls, was significantly and negatively associated with MVPAtotonly at 3.5 km/h, and with MVPAboutsonly at 4 km/h. Conclusions: In a population of healthy elderly women, gait variability was significantly and negatively associated with the level of physical activity. Healthy elderly women, with moderate gait variability (step width variability), and high preferred walking speed, seem to be able to meet the recommended levels of physical activity

Salivary and serum irisin in healthy adults before and after exercise

Irisin is an exercise-induced cytokine mainly secreted by myocytes. Circulating level of irisin can increase in response to acute exercise, promoting pleiotropic effects on health. Generally, irisin is evaluated in blood, however, its collection is invasive. Saliva sample would not have any risk associated with blood collection and would represent a less invasive method for irisin detection. Until now, there are only a few studies that have analyzed irisin levels in saliva. In the present research, five healthy male adults performed an incremental exercise until exhaustion on cycle ergometer. Serum and saliva samples were collected before exercise and 15min, 24h and 48h after reaching the exhaustion. Irisin was detected by ELISA assay. Serum and salivary irisin levels increased from baseline to 24h post exercise and reverted to basal levels after 48h of rest. A significant rise of both serum and salivary irisin level at 24h (p≤0.05) compared to baseline levels was found. Furthermore, a significant correlation between irisin percentage change in serum and saliva from baseline to 24h post exercise was detected (r=0.92, p<0.05). Despite the relatively limited sample, this research suggests that collecting saliva samples might represent a valid and less invasive method to detect irisin level changes induced by exercise

Effet de l'activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme

This study deals with the comparison of different training protocols for healthy severe obese subjects in terms of body weight and body composition, physiological and health related enhancement parameters. All subjects participated in an integrated body mass eduction program (duration: 3 weeks), consisting in: a) energy-restricted diet, b) nutritional education, c) psychological counseling, d) exercise training. All tests were performed the day before the beginning of the integrated program and repeated after 3 weeks (end of the first intervention phase of the program) and once again during a day hospital organized 1 y after the beginning of the treatment. These are the major findings of this research: 1) all behavioral interventions structured in this study provided positive effects at short-term for weight loss and body composition, physiological and health parameters and at the long-term for weight-maintenance; the studied interventions had a positive effect on lifestyle modification because inactive obese subjects had increase their physical activity level (PAL); 2) 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise 5 days/week has been well tolerated during a low caloric diet and it is the PAL we suggest to maintain; 3) strength training has been an important component of the weight loss program at short-term to enhance maximal strength but has not allowed to preserve fat free mass; 4) an increase in intensity has not been necessary at the short-term, since it has not determined any advantages. At the end of this study we can conclude that in our opinion the greatest obesity challenge is to find how to obtain a permanent lifestyle modification for obese subjectsCette thèse a été conçue pour évaluer les différences de réponses du point de vu anthropométrique, physiologique et des paramètres liés à la santé entre différents programmes d'entraînement sur une population de sujets fortement obèses non morbides. Tous les sujets ont suivi un programme intégré de réduction de la masse corporelle (RMC) d'une durée de trois semaines. Le programme intégré comprenait les éléments suivants : régime hypocalorique, éducation nutritionnelle, conseils psychologiques et entraînement physique. Tous les tests ont été effectués la veille du début du programme intégré et répétés à la fin de celui-ci (soit au bout de 3 semaines et à la fin d'une année de follow up). Les résultats principaux ont été les suivants : 1) le programme intégré de RMC a fonctionné, car les sujets inactifs ont augmenté leur niveau d'activité physique ; sur la population globale on a observé une amélioration des capacités physiologiques à court terme et à long terme qui s'accompagne d'une perte de poids (en moyenne 6 kg); 2) la guideline principale qui ressort de cette étude est qu'il est nécessaire d'introduire l'activité physique comme élément indispensable dans la vie quotidienne en marchand 30 min par jour ; 3) notre étude ne permet pas d'étayer l'avantage d'un entraînement en force pour éviter la perte de masse maigre pendant un régime diététique mais l'entraînement en force a permis l'amélioration de la force maximale des sujets ; 4) notre étude a permis de déterminer que dans une première phase d'entraînement une intensité moyenne d'exercice peut suffire. Efforts supplémentaires doivent être fait pour permettre une modification du style de vie permanent

Parental influence on children’s cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness

The parental influence on children’s cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been only marginally investigated. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether parental CMRF and CRF were associated with those of their school-aged children. This cross-sectional analysis included 53 Italian school-children along with their parents. CMRF were assessed by measuring the waist circumference (WC) and by computing the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), whereas CRF was estimated with the six-minute walking test (6MWT). A multiple stepwise backward elimination regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between parental and children’s features. Both parental WC and WHtR were associated with children’s ones (R2 = 0.28, p = .005; R2 = 0.18, p = .041). Maternal WC and WHtR strongly predicted primary-school children’s CMRF (R2 = 0.54, p = .005; R2 = 0.67, p = .001). No significant parental influence was observed for CRF. This study investigated, for the first time, the associations between parental CMRF and CRF, and those of their children. Our results suggest that children’s WC and WHtR, but not CRF, can be predicted by their parent’s parameters. Maternal CMRF may have a stronger influence on children’s ones, compared to fathers, particularly during primary-school years

Effet de l activité physique et du régime diététique sur une population de grands obèses à court et à long terme

Cette thèse a été conçue pour évaluer les différences de réponses du point de vu anthropométrique, physiologique et des paramètres liés à la santé entre différents programmes d entraînement sur une population de sujets fortement obèses non morbides. Tous les sujets ont suivi un programme intégré de réduction de la masse corporelle (RMC) d une durée de trois semaines. Le programme intégré comprenait les éléments suivants : régime hypocalorique, éducation nutritionnelle, conseils psychologiques et entraînement physique. Tous les tests ont été effectués la veille du début du programme intégré et répétés à la fin de celui-ci (soit au bout de 3 semaines et à la fin d une année de follow up). Les résultats principaux ont été les suivants : 1) le programme intégré de RMC a fonctionné, car les sujets inactifs ont augmenté leur niveau d activité physique ; sur la population globale on a observé une amélioration des capacités physiologiques à court terme et à long terme qui s accompagne d une perte de poids (en moyenne 6 kg); 2) la guideline principale qui ressort de cette étude est qu il est nécessaire d introduire l activité physique comme élément indispensable dans la vie quotidienne en marchand 30 min par jour ; 3) notre étude ne permet pas d étayer l avantage d un entraînement en force pour éviter la perte de masse maigre pendant un régime diététique mais l entraînement en force a permis l amélioration de la force maximale des sujets ; 4) notre étude a permis de déterminer que dans une première phase d entraînement une intensité moyenne d exercice peut suffire. Efforts supplémentaires doivent être fait pour permettre une modification du style de vie permanenteThis study deals with the comparison of different training protocols for healthy severe obese subjects in terms of body weight and body composition, physiological and health related enhancement parameters. All subjects participated in an integrated body mass eduction program (duration: 3 weeks), consisting in: a) energy-restricted diet, b) nutritional education, c) psychological counseling, d) exercise training. All tests were performed the day before the beginning of the integrated program and repeated after 3 weeks (end of the first intervention phase of the program) and once again during a day hospital organized 1 y after the beginning of the treatment. These are the major findings of this research: 1) all behavioral interventions structured in this study provided positive effects at short-term for weight loss and body composition, physiological and health parameters and at the long-term for weight-maintenance; the studied interventions had a positive effect on lifestyle modification because inactive obese subjects had increase their physical activity level (PAL); 2) 30 min of moderate aerobic exercise 5 days/week has been well tolerated during a low caloric diet and it is the PAL we suggest to maintain; 3) strength training has been an important component of the weight loss program at short-term to enhance maximal strength but has not allowed to preserve fat free mass; 4) an increase in intensity has not been necessary at the short-term, since it has not determined any advantages. At the end of this study we can conclude that in our opinion the greatest obesity challenge is to find how to obtain a permanent lifestyle modification for obese subjects.RENNES2-BU Centrale (352382101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Horse-Riding Competitions Pre and Post COVID-19: Effect of Anxiety, sRPE and HR on Performance in Eventing

The aim of the present study was to quantify the impact of training restrictions, due to COVID-19 sanitary emergency, on physical and emotional strain of horse-riding Eventing competitions before and after eight weeks of lockdown. Performance was assessed by the penalty points attained, anxiety by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, strain by the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) method. Moreover, Heart Rate was continuously monitored for fifty-four female national level Eventing horse-riders. Lockdown decreased performance outcome of horse-riders in Eventing competitions up to six weeks, with the Dressage test being the most affected discipline. Performance in Dressage was strongly related to both anxiety and session-RPE. After lockdown, Show-Jumping and Cross-Country courses were shorter allowing RPE to remain stable, session-RPE to significantly decline and cardiovascular strain not to exceed pre-lockdown values. In conclusion, emotional stress in Dressage and workload in Cross-Country should be carefully managed by equestrian Eventing stakeholders when planning training and competitions after a period of lockdown. Moreover, sRPE appears to offer a practical method of monitoring riders load during training and competition and could also be of use for home-based training during any future sport activities restrictions

Prescrizione o raccomandazione?

La prescrizione dell'esercizio \ue8 paragonabile alla prescrizione di un farmaco: nel caso del soggetto affetto da obesit\ue0 aiuta anche a migliorare la prospettiva di salute