Monitoramento da qualidade da água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Suiá-Miçu.

As informações apresentadas no presente documento referem-se aos dados obtidos por uma das vertentes do projeto "Recuperação de Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Promoção de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias na bacia do rio Xingu" relativas ao monitoramento da qualidade da água. O objetivo desse monitoramento foi acompanhar o comportamento de algumas variáveis da qualidade da água fluvial ao longo da bacia do rio Suiá-Miçu, como subsídio para a gestão dos recursos hídricos na bacia do rio Xingu. Com a conclusão do projeto, o monitoramento da água na bacia do rio Suiá-Miçu teve pros- seguimento em diversos pontos e foi conduzido pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). São apresentados dados agregados do monitoramento realizado pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente em 24 pontos ao longo da bacia no período de 2007 a 2008, além de dados do monitoramento realizado pela ANA em 8 desses pontos no período de 2008 a 2012/2013, constituindo-se, portanto, uma série histórica de aproximadamente sete anos.bitstream/item/172945/1/2017DC03.pd

Metals impact into the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (Brazil) during the exceptional flood of 2011

Abstract Particulate and dissolved metal concentrations were determined after the largest flood in the last 30 years on the east-west axis of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and compared to the those of the dry period at two stations. Results confirmed that the flood greatly affected riverine outflows and the behavior of metals in the PEC. In particular, a sharp decrease in salinity was followed by extremely high SPM concentrations leading to a decrease in DO concentrations at both stations. For the dissolved phase, ANOSIM analysis showed a significant dissimilarity at each station between the sampled periods, whereas for the particulate phase this dissimilarity was found only for the samplings taken at the Antonina Station. KD values suggested dissolved Cu behavior was related to the presence of organic complexes and dissolved Mn had sediment resuspension of redox sediments and or/pore water injection as sources. Metal concentrations were lower than in polluted estuaries, though high enrichment factors found after the flood pointed to the influence of anthropogenic sources. In conclusion, the flood's influence was more evident at the Antonina Station, due to its location in the upper estuary, whereas in Paranaguá a high SPM content with low metal concentration was found, following the common pattern generally found in other marine systems subject to heavy rainfall events

Environmental assessment of dredged sediment in the major Latin American seaport (Santos, São Paulo - Brazil): An integrated approach

This work offers an environmental assessment of a dredged sediment disposal area in Santos bay, situated on the central coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Sediment quality was evaluated through physicochemical analysis and toxicity tests of sediments collected in the disposal site and adjacent area. the physicochemical characterization of the sediments involved grain size distribution, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, phthalates, metals and nutrients. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were employed, using amphipods (Tiburonella viscana) and sea urchins (Lythechinus variegatus), respectively. Results revealed toxicity by all the methods applied here, suggesting that the area of disposal of dredged material is significantly altered with respect to sediment quality and probably capable of generating deleterious effects on the local biota. Aiming to elucidate the association between the distinct environmental variables and the biological effects measured in laboratory, Factor Analysis was performed. Results revealed that despite most contaminant concentrations were found below the limits established by Brazilian legislation, biological effects were related to metals (chronic toxicity) and organic compounds (acute toxicity). the application of multivariate analysis proved to be particularly useful to assess and interpret the results in an integrated way, particularly due to the large number of parameters analyzed in environmental assessments, and should be applied in future studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11030400 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Santa Cecilia, UNISANTA, Lab Ecotoxicol, Santos, SP, BrazilFundacao Estudos & Pesquisas Aquat, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11030400 Santos, SP, BrazilCNPq: 305869/2013-2CNPq: 307074/2013-7Web of Scienc

Seawater carbonate chemistry and the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community

Natural pH values in coastal waters vary largely among locations, ecosystems, and time periods; still, there is an ongoing acidification trend. In this scenario, more acidic pH values can alter bioavailability of organic contaminants, to organisms. Despite this, interactive effects between pH and chemical substances are not usually considered in Ecological Risk Assessment protocols. This study investigated the effects of pH on the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community using a microcosm experiment setup to assess the response of nematode assemblages exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Irgarol at two natural pH conditions. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to two concentrations of Irgarol at pH 7.0 and 8.0 for periods of 7 and 35 days. Lower diversity of nematode genera was observed at the highest tested Irgarol concentration (1281 ± 65 ng/g). The results showed that the effects of Irgarol contamination were independent of pH variation, indicating no influence of acidification within this range on the toxicity of Irgarol to benthic meiofauna. However, the results showed that estuarine nematode assemblages are impacted by long-term exposure to low (but naturally occurring) pHs. This indicates that estuarine organisms may be under naturally high physiological pressure and that permanent changes in the ecosystem's environmental factors, such as future coastal ocean acidification, may drive organisms closer to the edges of their tolerance windows

Comparative sediment quality assessment in different littoral ecosystems from Spain (Gulf of Cadiz) and Brazil (Santos and Sao Vicente estuarine system)

The goal of this work was to establish comparisons among environmental degradation in different areas from Southern Spain (Gulf of Cadiz) and Brazil (Santos and Sao Vicente estuary), by using principal component analyses (PCA) to integrate sediment toxicity (amphipods mortality) and chemical-physical data (Zn, Cd, Pb; Cu, Ni, Co, V, PCBs, PAHs concentrations, OC and fines contents). The results of PCA extraction of Spanish data showed that Bay of Cadiz, CA-1 did not present contamination or degradation; CA-2 exhibited contamination by PCBs, however it was not related to the amphipods mortality. Ria of Huelva was the most impacted site, showing contamination caused principally by hydrocarbons, in HV-1 and HV-2, but heavy metals were also important contaminants at HV-1, HV-2 and HV-3. Algeciras Bay was considered as not degraded in GR-3 and -4, but in GR-3' high contamination by PAHs was found. In the Brazilian area, the most degraded sediments were found in the stations situated at the inner parts of the estuary (SSV-2, SSV-3, and SSV-4), followed by SSV-6, which is close to the Submarine Sewage Outfall of Santos - SSOS. Sediments from SSV-1 and SSV-5 did not present chemical contamination, organic contamination or significant amphipod mortality. The results, of this investigation showed that both countries present environmental degradation related to PAHs: in Spain, at Ria of Huelva and Gudarranque river's estuary areas; and in Brasil, in the internal portion of the Santos and Sao Vicente estuary. The same situation is found for heavy metals, since all of the identified metals are related to toxicity in the studied areas, with few exceptions (V for both Brazil and Spain, and Cd and Co for Brazilian areas). The contamination by PCBs is more serious for Santos and Sao Vicente estuary than for the investigated areas in Gulf of Cadiz, where such compound did not relate to the toxicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Seawater carbonate chemistry and embriolarval development of Echinometra lucunter and neutral red retention time of Perna perna

Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues in the marine environment, especially those of the antihypertensive class, such as losartan. However, there is little knowledge about the physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates regarding its behavior under possible coastal ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological effects on marine organisms at different levels of the biological organization caused by the compound losartan in water and sediment under coastal ocean acidification scenarios. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and two sites around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was found in concentrations ranging from effects pH and losartan on the toxicity results. The water toxicity test with Echinometra lucunter embryos/larvae showed LOECs 50–100 mg/L, with values decreasing as the pH decreased. In the sediment assays, LOEC value for sea urchin embryo-larval development was 1.0 μg/g for all tested pHs. Regarding the lysosomal membrane stability assays with adult bivalves, a LOEC of 3000 ng/L was found for Perna perna in water exposure (both at pH 8.0 and 7.6). Effects for Mytella guyanensis were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment (LOEC = 3 ng/g at pH 8.0 and 7.6). This study demonstrated that coastal ocean acidification by itself causes effects on marine invertebrates, but can also increase the negative effects of losartan in waterborne exposure. There is a need to deepen the studies on the ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical residues and acidification of the marine environment

Qualidade do sono em estudantes do ensino profissional

Enquadramento: O sono assume um papel preponderante no desenvolvimento físico e mental do adolescente. Adolescentes com sono insuficiente apresentam menor rendimento escolar, alterações do humor e nas relações interpessoais, dificuldade na tomada de deci-são, alteração da aparência física e sonolência. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de sono e analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográfi-cas e académicas, familiares e estilos de vida na qualidade de sono dos estudantes do en-sino profissional. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo correlacional em 281 estudantes (60,30% rapazes; 15-22 anos, M=17,63 ± 1,39), de duas Escolas Profissionais. Utilizou-se, a Escala de Adap-tabilidade e Coesão Familiar, Questionário de Sonolência em Adolescentes de Cleveland, Índice Qualidade Sono de Pittsburg e questionário de dados pessoais, académicos, familia-res e estilos de vida. Resultados: Os estudantes dormem mais de 8 horas por noite, não usam medicação, la-tência do sono normal, boa eficiência, sem disfunção diurna e sem perturbações. As rapari-gas, residentes na aldeia, revelam melhor rendimento escolar e qualidade de vida. Os estu-dantes, pertencentes a famílias nucleares, sem irmãos, com pais casados e família equilibrada os que praticam atividade física frequentemente, fazem refeições em casa du-rante a semana e em família, não fumam e sem sonolência revelam melhor qualidade de sono. A sonolência no transporte, género masculino, idade e sonolência noturna predizem a qualidade de sono. Conclusão: O sono e as características individuais associadas devem ser tidos em conta nos processos de diagnóstico e intervenção no ensino profissional. Face à pertinência do tema, deverá privilegiar-se a interação afetiva com a família. Palavras-chave: Sono, Adolescentes, Família, Sonolência diurna.Abstract Framework: Sleep plays a vital role in physical and mental development of adolescents. Teenagers with insufficient sleep have lower academic incomes, changes in mood and in interpersonal relations, decision-making difficulty, physical appearance changes and sleepi-ness. Objective: Assess sleep quality and analyze the influence of socio-demographic and aca-demic variables, family relationships and life-style in vocational education students´ sleep quality. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research, applied in 281 students (60,30% males; 15-22 years old, M=17,63 ± 1,39) from 2 Vocational Schools. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale was used, The Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Question-naire, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a questionnaire with personal, academic, fa-miliar and life-style data. Results: Students sleep more than 8 hours per night, don´t use medication, have a normal sleep latency, good efficiency, without day-time dysfunction or disturbances. Females who live in the village reveal a better school performance and life quality. Students belonging to nuclear families, without brothers or sisters, with married parents and balance family practice physical activity frequently, have meals at home with the family during the week, don´t smoke and without sleepiness reveal better sleep quality. Sleepiness on transports, male gender, age and nocturnal sleepiness predict the quality of the sleep. Conclusions: Sleep and associated individual characteristics must be taken into consider-ation in the diagnosis and intervention processes in vocational education. According to the relevance of the theme, it should be given priority to the afective interaction with the family. Key-words: Sleep, Adolescents, Family, Day-time sleepiness