Evolution Of Constructivism

The contrast between social constructivism and cognitive constructivism are depicted in different ways in many studies.  The purpose of this paper is to summarize the evolution of constructivism and put a focus on social constructivism from the perception of Vygotsky.  This study provides a general idea of the evolution of constructivism for people want to understand this learning theory

Using Drawing As Intervention With Children For In-Service Preschool Teachers

This study provides a basic overview of in-service preschool teachers using drawing as intervention with children.  Art therapy is used more often for the smaller children who have more difficulty to describe their emotions and feelings in recognizing words, such as anger, resentment, and different kind of abuses.  As a matter of fact, the drawing has become a preferred mode of communication for them. The final result of this study is supporting the said theory. The best predictor of behavioral intention was the in-service teachers’ attitudes while enrolling in the four-month non-credit course in Art Therapy and they believed that this would facilitate their future teaching by much more understanding the children’s behaviors through non-verbal communication and actions. The perceived behavioral control was also the significant predictor of actual application behaviors. This study can provide a valuable reference for those in-service teachers who presently do not have any experience with art as an intervention with children

Products and organizations, mirrors in a funhouse: three essays on the mirroring hypothesis

Much of the contemporary management literature on modularity implicitly assumes that increased product modularity is associated with advantageous increases in organizational modularity. Known as the “mirroring hypothesis,” this postulated relationship is the basis of prescriptions in favor of increasingly modular product design, despite inconclusive empirical evidence. The three essays in this dissertation seek to advance the extant literature on the mirroring hypothesis in the following ways: Essay one presents a systematic review of this fragmented literature. Specifically, this review finds that the extant literature currently contains inconsistent interpretations of modularity, as well as inconsistent conceptualizations of mirroring. Thus, debates on the mirroring hypothesis often amount to unproductive arguments over different things. Essay two puts forth a theoretical framework to explore mirroring between product and organization at the within-firm level. The proposed theory maintains that mirroring is contingent on the level of architectural knowledge, which correlates with a set of observable constructs. Essay three empirically tests the proposition that mirroring between product and organization is also contingent on the demand characteristics of the target customers. Using a sample constructed from the computer systems integration industry, I found empirical support for the proposed demand-side contingencies on mirroring. Research on the mirroring hypothesis has made important contributions to our understanding of the interactions between technology and organization. However, the extant narratives of mirroring in fact encompass distinct causal mechanisms interacting across multiple units of analysis. As this dissertation research shows, the structural correspondence between product and organization is like mirrors in a funhouse – there are many mirrors; and many of the mirrors are distorted

When Web 3.0 Meets Reality: A Hyperdimensional Fractal Polytope P2P Ecosystems

Web 3.0 opens the world of new existence of the crypto-network-entity, which is independently defined by the public key pairs for entities and the connection to the Web 3.0 cyberspace. In this paper, we first discover a spacetime coordinate system based on fractal polytope in any dimensions with discrete time offered by blockchain and consensus. Second, the novel network entities and functions are defined to make use of hyperdimensional deterministic switching and routing protocols and blockchain-enabled mutual authentication. In addition to spacetime network architecture, we also define a multi-tier identity scheme which extends the native Web 3.0 crypto-network-entity to outer cyber and physical world, offering legal-compliant anonymity and linkability to all derived identifiers of entities. In this way, we unify the holistic Web 3.0 network based on persistent spacetime and its entity extension to our cyber and physical world

Effects of phorbol myristate acetate and sivelestat on the lung injury caused by fat embolism in isolated lungs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fat embolism syndrome (FES) associated with acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical condition following long bone fracture. We have reported 14 victims due to ALI with FES. Our laboratory has developed an animal model that produced fat emboli (FE). The major purpose of this study was to test whether neutrophil activation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and inhibition with sivelestat (SVT) exert protection on the lung.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and perfused. FE was produced by addition of corn oil micelles into the lung perfusate. PMA and SVT were given simultaneously with FE. Parameters such as lung weight/body weight ratio, LW gain, exhaled nitric oxide (NO), protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage relating to ALI were measured. The neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and phopholipase A₂activity were determined. We also measured the nitrate/nitrite, methyl guanidine (MG), and cytokines. Pulmonary arterial pressure and microvascular permeability were assessed. Lung pathology was examined and scored. The inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) were detected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>FE caused ALI and increased biochemical factors. The challenge also resulted in pulmonary hypertension and increased microvascular permeability. The NE appeared to be the first to reach its peak at 1 hr, followed by other factors. Coadministration with PMA exacerbated the FE-induced changes, while SVT attenuated the effects of FE.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The FE-induced lung changes were enhanced by PMA, while SVT had the opposite effect. Sivelestat, a neutrophil inhibitor may be a therapeutic choice for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following fat embolism.</p

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis: a population-based study.

BackgroundLittle is known on the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in ESRD patients. This study compared the incidence of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) between cohorts with and without influenza vaccination.MethodsWe used the insurance claims data from 1998 to 2009 in Taiwan to determine the incidence of these events within one year after influenza vaccination in the vaccine (N = 831) and the non-vaccine (N = 3187) cohorts. The vaccine cohort to the non-vaccine cohort incidence rate ratio and hazard ratio (HR) of morbidities and mortality were measured.ResultsThe age-specific analysis showed that the elderly in the vaccine cohort had lower hospitalization rate (100.8 vs. 133.9 per 100 person-years), contributing to an overall HR of 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.90). The vaccine cohort also had an adjusted HR of 0.85 [95% CI 0.75-0.96] for heart disease. The corresponding incidence of pneumonia and influenza was 22.4 versus 17.2 per 100 person-years, but with an adjusted HR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.64-1.02). The vaccine cohort had lowered risks than the non-vaccine cohort for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.12-0.33) and mortality (adjusted HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.41-0.60). The time-dependent Cox model revealed an overall adjusted HR for mortality of 0.30 (95% CI 0.26-0.35) after counting vaccination for multi-years.ConclusionsESRD patients with HD receiving the influenza vaccination could have reduced risks of pneumonia/influenza and other morbidities, ICU stay, hospitalization and death, particularly for the elderly

Governance, Competence, and Firm Boundaries : An Organizational Perspective and Theory Integration

　Answering to the recent call for theoretical integration of transactions costs economies and resource-based view, we examine how a boundary change affects the pre-existing organizational routines in terms of organizational knowledge and truce simultaneously can further contribute to our literature. We focus on the connections between boundar y choice decisions and the broader organizational design issues. We posit that anticipation of the difficulty to conduct post-acquisition integration might moderate transactions costs economies prediction on vertical integration. Moreover, our integrative model could also explain acquiring firms’ decisions to conduct post-acquisition integration or to leave the acquired firms as standalone subunits, hereby shedding more light on the theoretical linkages between firm boundaries and intermediate and hybrid governance forms. This study contributes to the management literature by further exploring the deeply intertwined interactions between governance and competence. Our theoretical framework provides a more comprehensive model that explains and predicts how a firm accesses external resources and how its cision would affect its firm boundary

Cationic nickel metal-organic frameworks for adsorption of negatively charged dye molecules

Industrial dye effluents with low biodegradability are highly toxic and carcinogenic on both human and aquatic lives, thus they are detrimental to the biodiversity of environment. Herein, this data set presents the potential of cationic Nickel based MOFs in the adsorption of charged and neutral dye molecules. Data set include a concise description of experimental conditions for the synthesis of imidazolium ligands, 1,3-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazolium chloride (H2L+Cl-) and 1,3-bis(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)imidazolium chloride (H4L+Cl-), and MOFs. The data show that the two Nickel MOFs, 1 and 2, synthesized from imidazolium ligands are cationic frameworks. The adsorption and analysis data show that the cationic MOFs exhibit efficient adsorptive removal capacity for positively charged dyes, adsorbing up to 81.08% and 98.65% of Methyl orange and Congo red, respectively

Enhancing National Chi Nan University Campus’s Ecological Friendliness by Creating a Butterfly Habitat Using Reclaimed Water

The campus of National Chi Nan University (NCNU), Taiwan is about 150 hectares, and surrounded by dense valleys and forests that provides a habitat for many wild animals. In order to further enhance the ecological friendliness of the campus, the school implemented courses to create habitats for butterflies around the Sun Pond in the campus. The reclaimed water, originated from Water Treatment Factory, in the Sun Pond is used to irrigate the vegetation in the habitat to enhance the ecological conservation value. From 2019 to 2020, a number of 17 species with 670 individuals and food plants for butterflies was planted, and special instruction signs focusing on butterfly ecology were set up, so that staff and students can better understand the actions and goals in ecological conservation of green university. From 2020 to mid-2021, a total of 6 courses with 750 students (13% of the total number of students) visited the wonderful habit. The number of 22 species of butterflies was recorded in the habitat and this number was an average of 132 per 30 minutes, which shows that the construction of the habitats is successful. The creation of the butterfly habitat is in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 and SDG 15. The habitat has become a distinguished place for environmental education in the university. In the future, more community residents and tourists can experience this fantastic place and realize the efforts and achievements in ecological conservation succeeded by NCNU.Keyword: Butterfly Habitat, Reclaimed Water, Green University, Environmental Education, Community Resident

Hepatic hydrothorax after blunt chest trauma

AbstractWe report a successful treatment result in a rare case of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis, who had sustained hydrothorax after blunt thoracoabdominal trauma. This was a female patient with liver cirrhosis, Child–Turcotte–Pugh class A, without ascites before injury. She sustained blunt thoracoabdominal trauma with a left clavicle fracture dislocation and right rib fractures. There was no hemopneumothorax at initial presentation. However, dyspnea and right pleural effusion developed gradually. We inserted a chest tube to relieve the patient's symptoms, and the daily drainage amount remained consistent. Hepatic hydrothorax was confirmed by the intraperitoneal injection of radioisotope 99mTc-sulfur colloid that demonstrated one-way transdiaphragmatic flow of fluid from the peritoneal cavity to pleural cavities. Finally, the hydrothorax was treated successfully by minocycline-induced pleural symphysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of hepatic hydrothorax developed after thoracoabdominal trauma