51 research outputs found
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The article is devoted to the evaluation of the feasibility and efficiency of modernization of the microarc oxidation process (MAO) by changing the conditions and parameters of sparking, as well as the selection of criteria for assessing the quality and predicting the service properties of formed ceramic-like coatings. The predominant role in changing the nature of structure formation and in ensuring the predicted quality and properties of the oxidized alloy is played by the intensity of sparking, which occurs in the process of electric discharges migrating along the treated surface of the object immersed in the electrolyte. Intensity of sparking determines the conditions for obtaining equidistant coatings: the less stochastic the nature of sparking around the oxidized part is, the more evenly and rapidly the thickness of the formed coating increases and its density is higher. These considerations allowed us offering the option of upgrading method of the anode MAO (AMAO), wherein only the anodic component of the current, causing thereby obtaining thin coatings with extensive porosity by stabilizing the process of arcing through the use of the system of quasi cathodes in the electrolysis bath. In this study, we considerΒ the possibility of controlling the parameters of coatings obtained by the AMDO method in its standard and upgraded versions, by fixing in real time the nature of the distribution of spark discharges, indirect evidence of which is the change in the current density over time and the uniformity of the thickness of the coatings created. Taking into account the influence of micro-arc oxidation on the structural and qualitative features of formed layers, it was assumed that the surface of the coating obtained by the modernized method should have a higher quality, one of the indicators of which is a more smooth and uniform relief. Thus, another criterion for the efficiency of the modernized process can serve as amplitude and step parameters of roughness, which, without allowing an objective assessment of the microprofile of the formed coating, can give more extensive information about the nature of the increase in its thickness and quality changes, determining the level of operational capabilities of metal objects with such a coating.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ (ΠΠΠΠ), ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π½Π½Π΅. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π², Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΠ£Π§ΠΠ’Π¬Β» Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ―Π’Π¬ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ’ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ
The paper studies regularities and mechanisms of structure and phase formation in the surface layers of magnesium alloys when they are processed by method of micro-arc oxidation [MAO]. It has been determined that the same specific features of structure formation, namely: existence of a thin dense inner sublayer and a thicker outer sublayer with developed porosity are common for all types of coatings on the surface of magnesium and aluminum alloys. Such structural state of a protective coating can not be considered as a guaranteed protection against operational impacts, taking into account the fields of their primary application that is aviation construction, automotive construction, instrumentation, building construction, etc. The paper has analyzed the effect of alkaline electrolytes with varying chemical composition due to additions of sodium fluoride or potassium on the structure and properties of these alloys as well as on the level of basic performance characteristics of the layers formed in such electrolytes. On the basis of the analysis a conclusion has been made that it is possible to extend their life-span under operational conditions. It has been revealed that the existing techniques and methods for process control of MAO aluminum and magnesium alloys, particularly processing modes and technological equipment capacity determine a nature of structure formation and changes in a phase composition of the formed coatings.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°-, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅-, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ. ΠΏ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ
Π ΠΠΠ¬ Π£ΠΠ¬Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
The paper reveals results of investigations on mass transfer kinetics and dynamics of coating formation while using integral electrospark alloying method with additional ultrasonic exposure at different stages of formation. Nowadays, a classical method for electrospark alloying with hard-alloy anodes and impulse AC voltage frequency on the vibration exciter coil from 20 to 1600 Hz has been mainly used for application of protective and strengthening coatings within permissible thickness and characteristics. The key aspect of ultrasonic exposure application (frequency 22β44 kHz) during electrospark alloying is the possibility to increase further thickness of coatings to be formed even after reaching a brittle fracture threshold of the coating material. Methodology of the executed research activity has been based on integrated studies (gravimetric, metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic) of coatings which are to be formed through compositions produced while using method of high-energy hot compaction and a βrefractory carbide (WC) and a binding materialβ system in the form of alloy based on nickel from the series of βcolmonoyβ Ni β Ni3B system which is alloyed with additions of copper and silicon. The initial surface treatment within ultrasonic frequency range (22β44 kHz) contributes to a noticeable increase in the mass transfer rate, which is primarily determined by chemical composition and thermodynamic stability of anodes. It is due to surface activation in the process of its preliminary deformation at ultrasonic frequency which creates additional conditions for striking of a spark.The final ultrasonic treatment improves coating quality due to its additional forging that leads to an increase of its structure homogeneity and density.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 1600 ΠΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° 22β44 ΠΊΠΡ) Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ
ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ (WC) β ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Β» Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ni β Ni3B, Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ 22β44 ΠΊΠΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Clinical and molecular characterization of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with 13q14.3 deletion.
Background: Deletions at 13q14.3 are common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and are also present in diffuse
large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) but never in immunodeficiency-related DLBCL. To characterize DLBCL with 13q14.3
deletions, we combined genome-wide DNA profiling, gene expression and clinical data in a large DLBCL series treated
with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, vincristine and prednisone repeated every 21 days (R-CHOP21).
Patients and methods: Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 250K NspI and U133 plus 2.0 gene were used.
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression was studied were by real-time PCR. Median follow-up of patients was 4.9 years.
Results: Deletions at 13q14.3, comprising DLEU2/MIR15A/MIR16, occurred in 22/166 (13%) cases. The deletion
was wider, including also RB1, in 19/22 cases. Samples with del(13q14.3) had concomitant specific aberrations. No
reduced MIR15A/MIR16 expression was observed, but 172 transcripts were significantly differential expressed.
Among the deregulated genes, there were RB1 and FAS, both commonly deleted at genomic level. No differences in
outcome were observed in patients treated with R-CHOP21.
Conclusions: Cases with 13q14.3 deletions appear as group of DLBCL characterized by common genetic and
biologic features. Deletions at 13q14.3 might contribute to DLBCL pathogenesis by two mechanisms: deregulating the
cell cycle control mainly due RB1 loss and contributing to immune escape, due to FAS down-regulation
Clinical and molecular characterization of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with 13q14.3 deletion
Background: Deletions at 13q14.3 are common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and are also present in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) but never in immunodeficiency-related DLBCL. To characterize DLBCL with 13q14.3 deletions, we combined genome-wide DNA profiling, gene expression and clinical data in a large DLBCL series treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, vincristine and prednisone repeated every 21 days (R-CHOP21). Patients and methods: Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 250K NspI and U133 plus 2.0 gene were used. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression was studied were by real-time PCR. Median follow-up of patients was 4.9 years. Results: Deletions at 13q14.3, comprising DLEU2/MIR15A/MIR16, occurred in 22/166 (13%) cases. The deletion was wider, including also RB1, in 19/22 cases. Samples with del(13q14.3) had concomitant specific aberrations. No reduced MIR15A/MIR16 expression was observed, but 172 transcripts were significantly differential expressed. Among the deregulated genes, there were RB1 and FAS, both commonly deleted at genomic level. No differences in outcome were observed in patients treated with R-CHOP21. Conclusions: Cases with 13q14.3 deletions appear as group of DLBCL characterized by common genetic and biologic features. Deletions at 13q14.3 might contribute to DLBCL pathogenesis by two mechanisms: deregulating the cell cycle control mainly due RB1 loss and contributing to immune escape, due to FAS down-regulatio
HOW TO MAKE MAGNESIUM ALLOYS BE RESISTANT TO OPERATIONAL RISKS
The paper studies regularities and mechanisms of structure and phase formation in the surface layers of magnesium alloys when they are processed by method of micro-arc oxidation [MAO]. It has been determined that the same specific features of structure formation, namely: existence of a thin dense inner sublayer and a thicker outer sublayer with developed porosity are common for all types of coatings on the surface of magnesium and aluminum alloys. Such structural state of a protective coating can not be considered as a guaranteed protection against operational impacts, taking into account the fields of their primary application that is aviation construction, automotive construction, instrumentation, building construction, etc. The paper has analyzed the effect of alkaline electrolytes with varying chemical composition due to additions of sodium fluoride or potassium on the structure and properties of these alloys as well as on the level of basic performance characteristics of the layers formed in such electrolytes. On the basis of the analysis a conclusion has been made that it is possible to extend their life-span under operational conditions. It has been revealed that the existing techniques and methods for process control of MAO aluminum and magnesium alloys, particularly processing modes and technological equipment capacity determine a nature of structure formation and changes in a phase composition of the formed coatings
ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN MECHANISMS OF ANODE-CATHODE INTERACTIONS DURING ELECTROSPARK ALLOYING
The paper reveals results of investigations on mass transfer kinetics and dynamics of coating formation while using integral electrospark alloying method with additional ultrasonic exposure at different stages of formation. Nowadays, a classical method for electrospark alloying with hard-alloy anodes and impulse AC voltage frequency on the vibration exciter coil from 20 to 1600 Hz has been mainly used for application of protective and strengthening coatings within permissible thickness and characteristics. The key aspect of ultrasonic exposure application (frequency 22β44 kHz) during electrospark alloying is the possibility to increase further thickness of coatings to be formed even after reaching a brittle fracture threshold of the coating material. Methodology of the executed research activity has been based on integrated studies (gravimetric, metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic) of coatings which are to be formed through compositions produced while using method of high-energy hot compaction and a βrefractory carbide (WC) and a binding materialβ system in the form of alloy based on nickel from the series of βcolmonoyβ Ni β Ni3B system which is alloyed with additions of copper and silicon. The initial surface treatment within ultrasonic frequency range (22β44 kHz) contributes to a noticeable increase in the mass transfer rate, which is primarily determined by chemical composition and thermodynamic stability of anodes. It is due to surface activation in the process of its preliminary deformation at ultrasonic frequency which creates additional conditions for striking of a spark.The final ultrasonic treatment improves coating quality due to its additional forging that leads to an increase of its structure homogeneity and density
- β¦