Finite element implementation of the generalized-lorenz gauged A-phi formulation for low-frequency circuit modeling

The A-Φ formulation with generalized Lorenz gauge is free of catastrophic breakdown at low frequencies. In the formulation, A and Φ are completely separated and Maxwell's equations are reduced into two independent equations pertinent to A and Φ, respectively. This, however, leads to more complicated equations in contrast to the traditional A-Φ formulation, which makes the numerical representation of the physical quantities challenging, especially for A. By virtue of the differential forms theory and Whitney elements, both A and Φ are appropriately represented. The condition of the resultant matrix system is wellcontrolled as frequency becomes low, even approaches to 0. The generalized-Lorenz gauged A-Φ formulation is applied to model low-frequency circuits at μm lengthscale.postprin

Calderon preconditioner for the electric field integral equation with layered medium Green's function

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T-cell receptor gene expression in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire expression of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 19 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies was compared with those of lymphocytes from 18 control nasopharyngeal biopsies. mRNA was extracted from these lymphocytes and the cDNA transcribed. A panel of 18 V alpha- and 21 V beta-specific primers was used to detect the TCR gene use from cDNA. The use of V alpha and V beta genes was restricted in TILs compared with lymphocytes from biopsies. The frequencies of V alpha 2, V alpha 3, V alpha 9, V alpha 10, V alpha 11, V alpha 13, V alpha 14, V alpha 15, V beta 11, V beta 15 and V beta 20 were decreased and the frequencies of V alpha 10 [Pc = 0.04; relative risk (RR) = 0.05], V alpha 11 (Pc = 0.02; RR = 0.07), V alpha 13 (Pc = 0.002; RR = 0), V alpha 14 (Pc = 0.04; RR = 0.05), V beta 14 (Pc = 0.001; RR = 0.03) and V beta 20 (Pc = 0.001; RR = 0.03) remained significantly reduced after correction for the number of families typed. The frequency of V alpha 17 was higher in NPC biopsies than in NPC PBLs (P = 0.05), and the frequency of V beta 15 was lower in NPC biopsies than in NPC PBLs (P = 0.02). The frequencies of V alpha 17 and V alpha 18 in HLA-B46+ patients were significantly lower (P = 0.009; P = 0.044) than in B46+ controls. The results suggest that the restriction of TCR gene use in NPC patients may be important in NPC pathogenesis

Vectorial solution to double curl equation with generalized coulomb gauge for magnetostatic problems

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Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of high dose short duration enrofloxacin treatment regimen for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in dogs.

BackgroundUncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs usually are treated with antimicrobial drugs for 10-14 days. Shorter duration antimicrobial regimens have been evaluated in human patients.HypothesisA high dose short duration (HDSD) enrofloxacin protocol administered to dogs with uncomplicated UTI will not be inferior to a 14-day treatment regimen with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.AnimalsClient-owned adult, otherwise healthy dogs with aerobic bacterial urine culture yielding ≥ 10(3) CFU/mL of bacteria after cystocentesis.MethodsProspective, multicenter, controlled, randomized blinded clinical trial. Enrolled dogs were randomized to group 1 (enrofloxacin 18-20 mg/kg PO q24h for 3 days) or group 2 (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 13.75-25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days). Urine cultures were obtained at days 0, 10, and 21. Microbiologic and clinical cure rates were evaluated 7 days after antimicrobial treatment was discontinued. Lower urinary tract signs and adverse events also were recorded.ResultsThere were 35 dogs in group 1 and 33 in group 2. The microbiologic cure rate was 77.1 and 81.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The clinical cure rate was 88.6 and 87.9% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Cure rates between groups did not differ according to the selected margin of noninferiority.Conclusions and clinical importanceHDSD enrofloxacin treatment was not inferior to a conventional amoxicillin-clavulanic acid protocol for the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial UTI in dogs. Further research is warranted to determine if this protocol will positively impact owner compliance and decrease the emergence of antimicrobial resistance

On the Abundance of Circumbinary Planets

We present here the first observationally based determination of the rate of occurrence of circumbinary planets. This is derived from the publicly available Kepler data, using an automated search algorithm and debiasing process to produce occurrence rates implied by the seven systems already known. These rates depend critically on the planetary inclination distribution: if circumbinary planets are preferentially coplanar with their host binaries, as has been suggested, then the rate of occurrence of planets with $R_p>6R_\oplus$ orbiting with $P_p<300$\ d is $10.0 ^{+18}_{-6.5}$\% (95\% confidence limits), higher than but consistent with single star rates. If on the other hand the underlying planetary inclination distribution is isotropic, then this occurrence rate rises dramatically, to give a lower limit of 47\%. This implies that formation and subsequent dynamical evolution in circumbinary disks must either lead to largely coplanar planets, or proceed with significantly greater ease than in circumstellar disks. As a result of this investigation we also show that giant planets (${>}10R_\oplus$) are significantly less common in circumbinary orbits than their smaller siblings, and confirm that the proposed shortfall of circumbinary planets orbiting the shorter period binaries in the Kepler sample is a real effect.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (1st August 2014). 12 pages. Update to match final version, including clarifications and new figures. Results are unchange

Calderón Preconditioned PMCHWT Equations for Analyzing Penetrable Objects in Layered Medium

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Estimativa da produção de biogás a partir de dejetos suínos: Avaliação e comparação entre metodologias, aplicadas a um estudo de caso

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Instituto Latino-Americano de Tecnologia, Infraestrutura e Território da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Bacharel em Engenharia de Energia. Orientadora: Prof.a Dra. Andreia Cristina FurtadoA busca por uma matriz energética mais sustentável com a utilização de uma menor quantidade de combustíveis fosseis é centro de pesquisa e estudos nos dias atuais. Nesse contexto, o biogás é uma ótima fonte energética, visto que é um biocombustível totalmente renovável oriundo da degradação de matéria orgânica por agentes microbiológicos. No presente estudo é avaliado e estimado a produção de biogás em uma instituição de ensino publica, com atividades voltadas para a prática e manejo na agropecuária. Atualmente a instituição possui diversas cabeças de suínos, bovinos, equinos e aves, porém a delimitação do trabalho será acerca da produção de biogás a partir dos dejetos de suínos. A estimativa de produção foi calculada a partir de três metodologias disponíveis na literatura (CIBiogás, EMBRAPA e uma adaptação da CETESB), além da estimativa futura com a criação de três cenários. No intuito de trazer dados mais fide-dignos ao estudo de caso, foi avaliado também parâmetros físico-químicos dos dejetos como sólidos totais, sólidos voláteis e pH e replicados nas metodologias apresentadas. Ao final foi estimado o volume do biodigestor necessário para atender as demandas calculas e o consumo do biogás como fonte térmica para a instituição como substituto do gás de cozinha (GLP).La búsqueda de una matriz energética más sustentable con el uso de una menor cantidad de combustibles fósiles es un centro de investigación y estudios en la actualidad. En este contexto, el biogás es una excelente fuente de energía, ya que es un biocombustible completamente renovable proveniente de la degradación de la materia orgánica por los agentes microbiológicos. En el presente estudio, se evalúa y estima la producción de biogás en una institución de educación pública, con actividades centradas en la práctica y la gestión en la agricultura. Actualmente, la institución cuenta con varias cabezas de cerdos, vacas, caballos y aves, sin embargo la delimitación del trabajo será sobre la producción de biogás a partir de estiércol. La estimación de producción se calculó a partir de tres metodologías disponibles en la literatura (CIBiogás, EMBRAPA y una adaptación de CETESB), además de la estimación futura con la creación de tres escenarios. Con la finalidad de aportar datos más fidelignos al estudio de caso, fueran evaluados tambien los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los desechos como sólidos totales, sólidos volátiles y pH también se evaluaron y replicaron en las metodologías presentadas. Al final, se estimó el volumen del biodigestor necesario para satisfacer las demandas de cálculo y el consumo de biogás como fuente térmica para la institución como sustituto del gas de cocina (GLP)

Exterior optical cloaking and illusions by using active sources: a boundary element perspective

Recently, it was demonstrated that active sources can be used to cloak any objects that lie outside the cloaking devices [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{103}, 073901 (2009)]. Here, we propose that active sources can create illusion effects, so that an object outside the cloaking device can be made to look like another object. invisibility is a special case in which the concealed object is transformed to a volume of air. From a boundary element perspective, we show that active sources can create a nearly "silent" domain which can conceal any objects inside and at the same time make the whole system look like an illusion of our choice outside a virtual boundary. The boundary element method gives the fields and field gradients (which can be related to monopoles and dipoles) on continuous curves which define the boundary of the active devices. Both the cloaking and illusion effects are confirmed by numerical simulations

Understanding and Quantifying Cleaning Processes Using Fluid Dynamic Gauging

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to analyse the flow patterns generated by the fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) technique in order to allow that technology to give simultaneous measurements of fouling layer thickness and incipient strength (via breakage). Stress field predictions were generated by solving the governing Navier-Stokes equations for these quasi-laminar flows using the numerical solver FastflowTM and validated by comparison with experimental hydrostatic pressure data. Enhanced FDG was used to study the removal of a tomato paste soil, which had been characterised by Liu et al. (2002) using a micro-manipulation technique. Deposit strength measurements gave clear indication of increases on ageing via baking and are compared with those reported by Liu et al