Saying the Quiet Parts Out Loud: Teaching Students How Law School Works

The summer of 2020 was an inflection point for legal education’s relationship with racial and other inequities. After Minneapolis police murdered George Floyd, faculty, administrators, and students spoke out with increased urgency about the need to address race in law school curricula. For example, professors sought to give race context to cases found in law school casebooks by not presenting judicial opinions as neutral statements of the law. Many law schools, including our own, formally (re)dedicated themselves to helping students recognize and analyze structural inequalities and how the law perpetuates them. Law schools focused on what their faculty and graduates could do to change the legal landscape. Whether they did so effectively was vigorously discussed in the press and on Twitter. Students were frustrated: they were asking their schools to make changes but weren’t getting very far. Students noticed the disconnect. We noticed the disconnect. This Article and the teaching methods it describes are one response to that disconnect

Segregação de recursos por diferentes espécies de morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama

Em ecologia, uma das ideias mais importantes é o princípio da exclusão competitiva, ou Lei de Gause, que afirma que duas espécies competindo pelos mesmos recursos não podem coexistir de modo estável se todos os outros fatores ecológicos forem constantes. Um dos competidores vai sobrepor-se ao outro, levando a um deslocamento evolutivo, morfológico ou comportamental, a um nicho ecológico diferente, ou mesmo à extinção. O horário de atividade diferenciado pode ser um importante fator para evitar competição por espécies proximamente relacionas, sendo assim motivo de interesse nos estudos de exclusão competitiva. O ciclo lunar é importante fator modulador de mamíferos noturnos, podendo também exercer influência na partilha de recursos, onde espécies relacionadas podem responder de diferentes maneiras à iluminação lunar. Analisar as diferenças no horário de atividade de espécies próximas de morcegos trará respostas sobre como uma comunidade partilha a disponibilidade de alimento sobre o critério de tempo. O objetivo foi testar a hipótese de que espécies próximas de morcegos usam o horário de atividade como fator de segregação de recursos. O estudo se deu na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, importante fragmento de Mata Atlântica ombrófila densa localizada numa região plana no norte do estado do Espírito Santo. A hipótese foi descartada para os grupos de morcegos frugívoros, em análises intra e intergenéricas. Porém, para grupos de insetívoros e nectarívoros, a hipótese de segregação de recursos pelo variável tempo foi sustentada por todos os testes e análises, levando a crer que seja um fator importante nesses grupos

The effect of Fe substitution on pyroelectric properties of 0.62Pb(Mg[sub ⅓]Nb[sub ⅔])O₃-0.38PbTiO₃ single crystals

Version of RecordPublishe

Gabriel Triangulations and Angle-Monotone Graphs: Local Routing and Recognition

A geometric graph is angle-monotone if every pair of vertices has a path between them that---after some rotation---is $x$- and $y$-monotone. Angle-monotone graphs are $\sqrt 2$-spanners and they are increasing-chord graphs. Dehkordi, Frati, and Gudmundsson introduced angle-monotone graphs in 2014 and proved that Gabriel triangulations are angle-monotone graphs. We give a polynomial time algorithm to recognize angle-monotone geometric graphs. We prove that every point set has a plane geometric graph that is generalized angle-monotone---specifically, we prove that the half-$\theta_6$-graph is generalized angle-monotone. We give a local routing algorithm for Gabriel triangulations that finds a path from any vertex $s$ to any vertex $t$ whose length is within $1 + \sqrt 2$ times the Euclidean distance from $s$ to $t$. Finally, we prove some lower bounds and limits on local routing algorithms on Gabriel triangulations.Comment: Appears in the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2016

Dynamics of light propagation in spatiotemporal dielectric structures

Propagation, transmission and reflection properties of linearly polarized plane waves and arbitrarily short electromagnetic pulses in one-dimensional dispersionless dielectric media possessing an arbitrary space-time dependence of the refractive index are studied by using a two-component, highly symmetric version of Maxwell's equations. The use of any slow varying amplitude approximation is avoided. Transfer matrices of sharp nonstationary interfaces are calculated explicitly, together with the amplitudes of all secondary waves produced in the scattering. Time-varying multilayer structures and spatiotemporal lenses in various configurations are investigated analytically and numerically in a unified approach. Several new effects are reported, such as pulse compression, broadening and spectral manipulation of pulses by a spatiotemporal lens, and the closure of the forbidden frequency gaps with the subsequent opening of wavenumber bandgaps in a generalized Bragg reflector

Multi-stakeholder development of a serious game to explore the water-energy-food-land-climate nexus: The SIM4NEXUS approach

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Water, energy, food, land and climate form a tightly-connected nexus in which actions on one sector impact other sectors, creating feedbacks and unanticipated consequences. This is especially because at present, much scientific research and many policies are constrained to single discipline/sector silos that are often not interacting (e.g., water-related research/policy). However, experimenting with the interaction and determining how a change in one sector could impact another may require unreasonable time frames, be very difficult in practice and may be potentially dangerous, triggering any one of a number of unanticipated side-effects. Current modelling often neglects knowledge from practice. Therefore, a safe environment is required to test the potential cross-sectoral implications of policy decisions in one sector on other sectors. Serious games offer such an environment by creating realistic 'simulations', where long-term impacts of policies may be tested and rated. This paper describes how the ongoing (2016-2020) Horizon2020 project SIM4NEXUS will develop serious games investigating potential plausible cross-nexus implications and synergies due to policy interventions for 12 multi-scale case studies ranging from regional to global. What sets these games apart is that stakeholders and partners are involved in all aspects of the modelling definition and process, from case study conceptualisation, quantitative model development including the implementation and validation of each serious game. Learning from playing a serious game is justified by adopting a proof-of-concept for a specific regional case study in Sardinia (Italy). The value of multi-stakeholder involvement is demonstrated, and critical lessons learned for serious game development in general are presented.The work described in this paper has been conducted within the project SIM4NEXUS. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 689150 SIM4NEXUS

Hyperon-Nucleon Final State Interaction in Kaon Photoproduction of the Deuteron

Final state hyperon-nucleon interaction in strangeness photoproduction of the deuteron is investigated making use of the covariant reaction formalism and the P-matrix approach to the YN system. Remarkably simple analytical expression for the amplitude is obtained. Pronounced effects due to final state interaction are predicted including the manifestation of the 2.13 GeV resonance.Comment: LaTeX, 13 page

Magnetic Field Effect in Josephson tunneling between d-Wave Superconductors

The magnetic field effect in the Josephson tunneling between two d-wave superconductors are investigated. When the crystal orientation of one (or each) superconductor relative to the interface normal is such that midgap states exist at the interface, there is a component of the tunneling current due to the midgap states. For a junction with a flat {001}|{110} or {100}|{110} interface, this component is the predominant contribution to the current. The predicted current-field dependence differs entirely from the conventional Fraunhofer pattern, in agreement with a published measurement. This is because, apart from the Fraunhofer factor, the critical current depends on the magnetic field B through the current density also which is a linear function of B for weak B.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Quasifree Eta Photoproduction from Nuclei

Quasifree $\eta$ photoproduction from nuclei is studied in the Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation (DWIA). The elementary eta production operator contains Born terms, vector meson and nucleon resonance contributions and provides an excellent description of the recent low energy Mainz measurements on the nucleon. The resonance sector includes the $S_{11}(1535)$, $P_{11}(1440)$ and $D_{13}(1520)$ states whose couplings are fixed by independent electromagnetic and hadronic data. Different models for the $\eta N$ t-matrix are used to construct a simple $\eta A$ optical potential based on a $t \rho$-approximation. We find that the exclusive $A(\gamma,\eta N)B$ process can be used to study medium modifications of the $N^*$ resonances, particularly if the photon asymmetry can be measured. The inclusive $A(\gamma, \eta)X$ reaction is compared to new data obtained on $^{12}C$, $^{40}Ca$, and is found to provide a clear distinction between different models for the $\eta N$ t-matrix.Comment: 30 pages in RevTeX including 14 embedded PS figures; Replaced with revised version. Added more discussion about the imaginary part of the eta optical potentia