Atmospheric Deposition: A Potential Source of Trace Metal Organic Complexing Ligands to the Marine Environment

The present study confirms the existence of rainwater and seawater soluble metal (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Co) complexing organic ligands associated with end-member aerosol populations. The end member aerosols being representative of a European urban aerosol population (LUAP ¿ Liverpool Urban Aerosol Population), and an aerosol population representative of crustal dominated material (Mesh Saharan dust, collected off the west African coast). The investigations carried out by ACSV (adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry) clearly indicated that these end-members were a source of organic complexing ligands for all the considered metals. For LUAP Cu 26%, Pb 55%, Cd 36%, Ni 26% and Co 27% of the total seawater soluble fraction was ACSVnon-labile (i.e. that fraction of the dissolved metal which is released after UV irradiation) compared to the corresponding values for Saharan dust (Cu 59%, Pb 23%, Cd 56%, Ni 66%, Co 23%). From these studies it was apparent that the dissolution for all metals and their respective fractions in both seawater and artificial rainwater was a rapid process with no further release after ca. 30 minutes. The studies displayed for a number of the metals re-adsorption of ACSVnon-labile metal to the aerosol particulate surface (Co and Pb - Saharan / seawater; Co and Cd - LUAP / seawater) implying that different geochemical pathways are taken by different metal speciation fractions leading to potential differences in their marine residence times. Conditional formation stability constants and complexing capacities for Ni were determined for seawater after being equilibrated with both end member aerosols. Log K\u27NiL detected were 18.3 - 0.3 and 19.26 - 0.4 for LUAP and Saharan dust respectively. The equivalent complexing capacities were 1.0 - 0.1 nmol mg-1 and 0.038 - 0.005 nmol mg-1 respectively

“Why can’t they be in the community?” A policy and practice analysis of transforming care for offenders with intellectual disability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe key policy and practice issues regarding a significant subgroup of people with intellectual disability – those with offending behaviour being treated in forensic hospitals. Design/methodology/approach – The reasons why psychiatrists continue to be involved in the treatment of people with intellectual disability and mental health or behavioural problems and the factors that may lead to patients needing hospital admission are examined. Using two illustrative examples, three key questions – containment vs treatment, hospital care vs conditional discharge and hospital treatment vs using deprivation of liberty safeguards usage in the community are explored. Findings – Patients with intellectual disability, mental health problems and offending behaviours who are treated within forensic inpatient units tend to have long lengths of stay. The key variable that mediates this length of stay is the risk that they pose to themselves or others. Clinicians work within the framework of mental health law and have to be mindful that pragmatic solutions to hasten discharge into the community may not fall within the law. Originality/value – This paper makes practical suggestions for the future on how to best integrate hospital and community care for people with intellectual disability, mental health and offending behaviours. </jats:sec

Molecular Cloning of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus Complementary-Dna: Use as a Probe for the Detection of Virus Infection and Viral-Rnas.

DNA complementary (cDNA) to the RNA genome of sugarcane mosaic virus strain H (SCMV-H) was synthesized using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and oligo(dT) as primer. Second strand synthesis used the same enzyme and oligo(dG) primer after tailing the first strand with oligo(dC). Double-stranded cDNA was inserted into the PstI site of plasmid pBR322 by the G-C tailing method and cloned in Esherichia coli HB101. Twenty recombinant clones containing SCMV-H sequences were obtained, but most had inserts less than 500 base pairs (0.5 kbp). Two plasmids, S47-6 and S47-20, however, had larger inserts of 1.2 kbp and 2.7 kbp, respectively and were used for further study. These two plasmids had some SCMV-H sequences in common, but did not share any BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, or SalI restriction sites. Dot blot hybridization, which involves spotting crude plant extracts on nitrocellulose filters and hybridizing with (\u2732)P-labeled recombinant S47-6 or S47-20 plasmid DNA, proved to be a rapid and sensitive method for detecting SCMV-H infection. Sap from SCMV-infected plants diluted 1/1000 to 1/3000 gave detectable hybridization signals as did 15 to 40 pg purified viral RNA. Dot blot hybridization also revealed that SCMV strain I, but not SCMV strains A, B, D, M, and J, has sequences in common with the strain H-derived clones. Northern hybridization of single-stranded RNA from SCMV-infected tissue showed that, besides genomic RNA, a series of smaller RNAs with sizes of 7.9, 6.6, 4.7, 2.8, 1.5, 1.2, 0.9, and 0.7 kb hybridized to the probe. No discrete viral double-stranded RNA species were found. Serologically specific electron microscopy of plant extracts was used to demonstrate a series of discrete less-than-full-length virus particles, two of which correlate with the 7.9 and 6.6 kb RNAs

Military and school personnel psychological states amidst the Pandemic: A Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis

Purpose – This study aims to determine the Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Military and School Personnel.Method - Quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was used.  There are 147 respondents participated in this study.Result - Compassion Satisfaction levels of Military-Enlisted and Teaching Personnel were Average, while for the Military-Officer and Non-Teaching School Personnel were High; Burnout for the Military-Enlisted and Teaching Personnel were both Average, while the Military-Officer and Non-Teaching School Personnel were both low; and the Secondary Traumatic Stress was Low for the Military-Officer and Average to other three groups of respondents. Significant differences manifested after employing the parametric test MANOVA and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis.  Post Hoc test was employed in order to identify the specific significant differences.Implication – The researchers have identified significant pattern and trends that contribute to the understanding of comparison, personnel who are less often directly exposed to the clients have better Psychological States descriptively.Originality - This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the areas of Compassion, Burnout and Stress   experienced by militaries and educators in the conduct of their respective public services.***Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kepuasan Belas Kasih, Burnout, dan Stres Trauma Sekunder di antara Personel Militer dan Sekolah, serta untuk membandingkan kondisi-kondisi psikologis tersebut.Metode - Desain penelitian deskriptif-komparatif kuantitatif digunakan.   Ada 147 responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini.Hasil - Tingkat Kepuasan Belas Kasih pada Tamtama Militer dan Tenaga Pengajar tergolong sedang, sedangkan pada Perwira Militer dan Tenaga Kependidikan tergolong tinggi; Burnout pada Tamtama Militer dan Tenaga Pengajar tergolong sedang, sedangkan pada Perwira Militer dan Tenaga Kependidikan tergolong rendah; dan Stres Traumatis Sekunder tergolong rendah pada Tamtama Militer dan tergolong sedang pada tiga kelompok responden lainnya.  Perbedaan yang signifikan terlihat setelah menggunakan uji parametrik MANOVA dan non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis.  Uji Post Hoc digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan signifikan yang spesifik,Implikasi - Para peneliti telah mengidentifikasi pola dan tren signifikan yang berkontribusi pada pemahaman perbandingan, personel yang lebih jarang terpapar langsung dengan klien memiliki kondisi psikologis yang lebih baik secara deskriptif.Orisinalitas - Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengetahuan yang sudah ada di bidang Welas Asih, Kelelahan dan Stres yang dialami oleh militer dan pendidik dalam melaksanakan layanan publik masing-masing

Priority concerns for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: The approach taken to support individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic needs to take into account the requirements of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism, who represent a major vulnerable group, with higher rates of co-occurring health conditions and a greater risk of dying prematurely. To date, little evidence on COVID-related concerns have been produced and no report has provided structured feedback from the point of view of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism or of their family/carers. AIMS: To provide systemised evidence-based information of the priority concerns for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Senior representatives of major UK-based professional and service-user representative organisations with a stake in the care of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism were contacted to provide a list of concerns across three domains: 'mental health and challenging behaviour', 'physical health and epilepsy' and 'social circumstances and support'. The feedback was developed into statements on frequently reported priorities. These statements were then rated independently by expert clinicians. A video-conference meeting to reconcile outliers and to generate a consensus statement list was held. RESULTS: Thirty-two organisations were contacted, of which 26 (81%) replied. From the respondent's data, 30 draft consensus statements were generated. Following expert clinician review, there was initially strong consensus for seven statements (23%), increasing to 27 statements (90%) following video conferencing. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations highlight the expectations of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism in the current pandemic. This could support policymakers and professionals' deliver and evidence person-centred care

Priority concerns for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background The approach taken to support individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic needs to take into account the requirements of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism, who represent a major vulnerable group, with higher rates of co-occurring health conditions and a greater risk of dying prematurely. To date, little evidence on COVID-related concerns have been produced and no report has provided structured feedback from the point of view of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism or of their family/carers. Aims To provide systemised evidence-based information of the priority concerns for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Senior representatives of major UK-based professional and service-user representative organisations with a stake in the care of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism were contacted to provide a list of concerns across three domains: ‘mental health and challenging behaviour’, ‘physical health and epilepsy’ and ‘social circumstances and support’. The feedback was developed into statements on frequently reported priorities. These statements were then rated independently by expert clinicians. A video-conference meeting to reconcile outliers and to generate a consensus statement list was held. Results Thirty-two organisations were contacted, of which 26 (81%) replied. From the respondent's data, 30 draft consensus statements were generated. Following expert clinician review, there was initially strong consensus for seven statements (23%), increasing to 27 statements (90%) following video conferencing. Conclusions These recommendations highlight the expectations of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism in the current pandemic. This could support policymakers and professionals’ deliver and evidence person-centred care

Using Three-Dimensional Gait Data for Foot/Ankle Orthopaedic Surgery

We present the case of a forty year old male who sustained a torn carotid during strenuous physical activity. This was followed by a right hemispheric stroke due to a clot associated with the carotid. Upon recovery, the patient’s gait was characterized as hemiparetic with a stiff-knee pattern, a fixed flexion deformity of the toe flexors, and a hindfoot varus. Based on clinical exams and radiographs, the surgical treatment plan was established and consisted of correction of the forefoot deformities, possible hamstrings lengthening, and tendon transfer of the posterior tibial tendon to the dorsolateral foot. To aid in surgical planning, a three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted using a state-of-the-art motion capture system. Data from this analysis provided insight into the pathomechanics of the patient’s gait pattern. A forefoot driven hindfoot varus was evident from the presurgical data and the tendon transfer procedure was deemed unnecessary. A computer was used in the OR to provide surgeons with animations of the patient’s gait and graphical results as needed. A second gait analysis was conducted 6 weeks post surgery, shortly after cast removal. Post-surgical gait data showed improved foot segment orientation and position. Motion capture data provides clinicians with detailed information on the multisegment kinematics of foot motion during gait, before and during surgery. Further, treatment effectiveness can be evaluated by repeating gait analyses after recovery

An evaluation of the structural validity of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) using the Rasch model

Purpose: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) has been extensively evaluated for its psychometric properties using classic test theory (CTT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate its structural validity using Rasch model analysis. Methods: Responses to the SPADI from 1030 patients referred for physiotherapy with shoulder pain and enrolled in a prospective cohort study were available for Rasch model analysis. Overall fit, individual person and item fit, response format, dependence, unidimensionality, targeting, reliability and differential item functioning (DIF) were examined. Results: The SPADI pain subscale initially demonstrated a misfit due to DIF by age and gender. After iterative analysis it showed good fit to the Rasch model with acceptable targeting and unidimensionality (overall fit (chi-square statistic 57.2, p=0.1); mean item fit residual 0.19 (1.5) and mean person fit residual 0.44 (1.1); person separation index (PSI) of 0.83). The disability subscale however shows significant misfit due to uniform DIF even after iterative analyses were used to explore different solutions to the sources of misfit (overall fit (chi-square statistic 57.2, p=0.1); mean item fit residual -0.54 (1.26) and mean person fit residual -0.38 (1.0); PSI 0.84). Conclusions: Rasch Model analysis of the SPADI has identified some strengths and limitations not previously observed using CTT methods. The SPADI should be treated as two separate subscales. The SPADI is a widely used outcome measure in clinical practice and research, however the scores derived from it must be interpreted with caution. The pain subscale fits the Rasch model expectations well. The disability subscale does not fit the Rasch model and its current format does not meet the criteria for true interval-level measurement required for use as a primary endpoint in clinical trials. Clinicians should therefore exercise caution when interpreting score changes on the disability subscale and attempt to compare their scores to age and sex stratified data