Planning the forest transport systems based on the principles of sustainable development of territories

The article identifies a new method of dynamic modeling in the design of the transport system in the forest fund (TSFF), which is based on economic and mathematical modeling and fuzzy logic tools. The combination of the indicated methods is designed to reduce the disadvantages of their use and increase the benefits. The article substantiates the choice of assessing the forecast level of the impact of risks on the activities of forestry enterprises (the method of expert assessments), using the methodological tools of fuzzy logic. The indicated method makes it possible to take into account a large variety of risk factors of the internal and external environment. At the same time, methodological aspects of fuzzy logic make it possible to formulate a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators. The article substantiates the choice of tools for economic and mathematical modeling in order to state the design problem of the planned TSFF. Since the indicated method enables the formalization of the functioning of the timber transport system in the given conditions. The article presents a developed model that correctly takes into account the influence of risk factors when planning a TSFF, through the combination of fuzzy logic methods and economic and mathematical modeling. The advantages of the developed model include: considering the multivariance of material flows, vehicles, points of overload, etc.; automated processing of input parameters and effective data; using the model for forecasting, i.e. the possibility of deriving a fuzzy estimate of the efficiency of the timber transport system by identifying cause-effect relationships between the modeling object and the influence of risk factors on its functioning. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd

E2 strengths and transition radii difference of one-phonon 2+ states of 92Zr from electron scattering at low momentum transfer

Background: Mixed-symmetry 2+ states in vibrational nuclei are characterized by a sign change between dominant proton and neutron valence-shell components with respect to the fully symmetric 2+ state. The sign can be measured by a decomposition of proton and neutron transition radii with a combination of inelastic electron and hadron scattering [C. Walz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 062501 (2011)]. For the case of 92Zr, a difference could be experimentally established for the neutron components, while about equal proton transition radii were indicated by the data. Method: Differential cross sections for the excitation of one-phonon 2+ and 3- states in 92Zr have been measured with the (e,e') reaction at the S-DALINAC in a momentum transfer range q = 0.3-0.6 fm^(-1). Results: Transition strengths B(E2;2+_1 -> 0+_1) = 6.18(23), B(E2; 2+_2 -> 0+_1) = 3.31(10) and B(E3; 3-_1 -> 0+_1) = 18.4(11) Weisskopf units are determined from a comparison of the experimental cross sections to quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) calculations. It is shown that a model-independent plane wave Born approximation (PWBA) analysis can fix the ratio of B(E2) transition strengths to the 2+_(1,2) states with a precision of about 1%. The method furthermore allows to extract their proton transition radii difference. With the present data -0.12(51) fm is obtained. Conclusions: Electron scattering at low momentum transfers can provide information on transition radii differences of one-phonon 2+ states even in heavy nuclei. Proton transition radii for the 2+_(1,2) states in 92Zr are found to be identical within uncertainties. The g.s. transition probability for the mixed-symmetry state can be determined with high precision limited only by the available experimental information on the B(E2; 2+_1 -> 0+_1) value.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C, revised manuscrip

Early Permian Conodont Fauna and Stratigraphy of the Garden Valley Formation, Eureka County, Nevada

The lower part of the Garden Valley Formation yields two distinct conodont faunas. One of late Asselian age dominated by Mesogondolella and Streptognathodus and one of Artinskian age dominated by Sweetognathus with Mesogondolella. The Asselian fauna contains the same species as those found in the type area of the Asselian in the southern Urals including Mesogondolella dentiseparata, described for the first time outside of the Urals. Apparatuses for Sweetognathus whitei, Diplognathodus stevensi, and Idioprioniodus sp. are described. The Garden Valley Formation represents a marine pro-delta basin and platform, and marine and shore fan delta complex deposition. The fan-delta complex was most likely deposited from late Artinskian to late Wordian. The Garden Valley Formation records tremendous swings in depositional setting from shallow-water to basin to shore

Multilevel Parallelization: Grid Methods for Solving Direct and Inverse Problems

In this paper we present grid methods which we have developed for solving direct and inverse problems, and their realization with different levels of optimization. We have focused on solving systems of hyperbolic equations using finite difference and finite volume numerical methods on multicore architectures. Several levels of parallelism have been applied: geometric decomposition of the calculative domain, workload distribution over threads within OpenMP directives, and vectorization. The run-time efficiency of these methods has been investigated. These developments have been tested using the astrophysics code AstroPhi on a hybrid cluster Polytechnic RSC PetaStream (consisting of Intel Xeon Phi accelerators) and a geophysics (seismic wave) code on an Intel Core i7-3930K multicore processor. We present the results of the calculations and study MPI run-time energy efficiency

Синтез та антимікробна активність 1-алкіл-5-метил-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-оксадіазол-2-іл)тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-2,4(1H,3H)-діонів

An effective approach for synthesis of 5-methyl-3-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione by 1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole promoted interaction of 5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid with benzohydrazide has been developed. The procedure also includes cyclization of N’-benzoyl-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbohydrazide obtained by boiling in phosphorous oxychloride and further hydrolysis of the chlorine atom at position 2 of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine system. Alkylation of the assembly of two heterocyclic units obtained with benzyl chlorides, chloroacetamides, and 5-(chloromethyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles has allowed obtaining of 1-alkyl-5-methyl-3-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. The structures of the compounds obtained have been confirmed by the 1H NMR, chromato-mass spectral and elemental microanalysis data. The results of the screening performed by the agar diffusion method (“well method”) have shown the absence of the antimicrobial activity for 1-benzyl-5-methyl-3-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and 2-[5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl]-N-arylacetamides; but the activity for 1-{[3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-5-methyl-3-phenyl-6-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones has been found. The compounds of this range appeared to be active against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis; the diameters of their growth inhibition zones were similar to those for the reference drugs Metronidazole and Streptomycin.Разработан эффективный подход к синтезу 5-метил-3-фенил-6-(5-фенил-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-ил)тиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-2,4(1H,3H)-диона путем промотированного 1,1’-карбонилдиимидазолом взаимодействия 5-метил-2,4-диоксо-3-фенил-1,2,3,4-тетрагидротиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-6-карбоновой кислоты с бензогидразидом. Процедура также включает циклизацию полученного N’-бензоил-5-метил-2,4-диоксо-3-фенил-1,2,3,4-тетрагидротиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-6-карбогидразида кипячением в хлорокиси фосфора и дальнейший гидролиз атома хлора в положении 2 тиено[2,3-d]пиримидиновой системы. Алкилирование полученного двухзвенного ансамбля гетероциклов бензилхлоридами, хлорацетамидами и 5-(хлорметил)-3-арил-1,2,4-оксадиазолами позволило получить 1-алкил-5-метил-3-фенил-6-(5-фенил-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-ил)тиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-2,4(1H,3H)-дионы. Структуры полученных соединений были подтверждены на основе данных 1Н ЯМР, хроматомас спектров и элементного анализа. По результатам скрининга методом диффузии в агар («метод колодцев») установлено отсутствие противомикробной активности у 1-бензил-5-метил-3-фенил-6-(5-фенил-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-ил)тиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-2,4(1H,3H)-дионов и 2-[5-метил-2,4-диоксо-3-фенил-6-(5-фенил-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-ил)-3,4-дигидротиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-1(2H)-ил]-N-арилацетамидов, а также наличие противомикробной активности для 1-{[3-арил-1,2,4-оксадиазол-5-ил]метил}-5-метил-3-фенил-6-(5-фенил-1,3,4-оксадиазол-2-ил)тиено[2,3-d]пиримидин-2,4(1H,3H)-дионов. Данные вещества проявили противомикробную активность к штаммам Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli и Baсillus subtilis со значениями зон задержки роста, близкими к препаратам сравнения метронидазолу и стрептомицину.Розроблено ефективний підхід до синтезу 5-метил-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-оксадіазол-2-іл)тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-2,4(1H,3H)-діону шляхом промотованої 1,1’-карбонілдіімідазолом взаємодії 5-метил-2,4-діоксо-3-феніл-1,2,3,4-тетрагідротієно[2,3-d]піримідин-6-карбонової кислоти з бензогідразидом. Процедура також включає наступну циклізацію отриманого N’-бензоїл-5-метил-2,4-діоксо-3-феніл-1,2,3,4-тетра-гідротієно[2,3-d]піримідин-6-карбогідразиду кип’ятінням у хлорокисі фосфору та подальший гідроліз атома хлору у положенні 2 тієно[2,3-d]піримідинової системи. Алкілювання отриманого дволанкового ансамблю гетероциклів бензилхлоридами, хлороацетамідами та 5-(хлорометил)-3-арил-1,2,4-оксадіазо-лами дозволило отримати 1-алкіл-5-метил-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-оксадіазол-2-іл)тієно[2,3-d]піримі-дин-2,4(1H,3H)-діони. Структури отриманих сполук були підтверджені на основі даних 1Н ЯМР, хроматомас спектрів та елементного аналізу. За результатами скринінгу методом дифузії в агар («метод колодязів») встановлено відсутність антимікробної активності у 1-бензил-5-метил-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-оксадіазол-2-іл)тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-2,4(1H,3H)-діонів та 2-[5-метил-2,4-діоксо-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-оксадіазол-2-іл)-3,4-дигідротієно[2,3-d]піримідин-1(2H)-іл]-N-арилацетамідів, а також наявність антимікробної активності для 1-{[3-арил-1,2,4-оксадіазол-5-іл]метил}-5-метил-3-феніл-6-(5-феніл-1,3,4-окса-діазол-2-іл)тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-2,4(1H,3H)-діонів. Дані речовини виявили антимікробну активність до штамів Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli та Baсillus subtilis із значеннями зон затримки росту, близькими до препаратів порівняння метронідазолу та стрептоміцину

Pair decay width of the Hoyle state and carbon production in stars

Electron scattering off the first excited 0+ state in 12C (the Hoyle state) has been performed at low momentum transfers at the S-DALINAC. The new data together with a novel model-independent analysis of the world data set covering a wide momentum transfer range result in a highly improved transition charge density from which a pair decay width Gamma_pi = (62.3 +- 2.0) micro-eV of the Hoyle state was extracted reducing the uncertainty of the literature values by more than a factor of three. A precise knowledge of Gamma_pi is mandatory for quantitative studies of some key issues in the modeling of supernovae and of asymptotic giant branch stars, the most likely site of the slow-neutron nucleosynthesis process.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let