Pre-university education in terms of promoting Russian education on the world education market

Russia's advancement on the world education market is one of the foreign policy challenges. The pre-university stage is the milestone for the professional development of a foreign student. Such stage is of paramount importance for the Russia's integration into the world education market. Since the pre-university stage has been the first stage of training in the Russian education system, it should be a specific focal point for the educational service provider. Based on the footprint of pre-university education, foreigners shall have an understanding with respect to the educational system of a country the language whereof is studied

Pre-university education in terms of promoting Russian education on the world education market

Russia's advancement on the world education market is one of the foreign policy challenges. The pre-university stage is the milestone for the professional development of a foreign student. Such stage is of paramount importance for the Russia's integration into the world education market. Since the pre-university stage has been the first stage of training in the Russian education system, it should be a specific focal point for the educational service provider. Based on the footprint of pre-university education, foreigners shall have an understanding with respect to the educational system of a country the language whereof is studied

Semántica verbal en el contexto de la distribución actancial

This study is based on the theory of methods of verbal action (MVA), presented in the works by O.M. Sokolov. Prefixed Russian verbs are considered as part of a functional approach to language analysis. The authors prove that the verb prefixes in the Russian language should be considered as separate linguistic elements, which provide the characteristics of the subject or object actant.Este estudio se basa en la teor.a de los m.todos de acci.n verbal (AMEU), presentada en los trabajos de O.M. Sokolov. Los verbos rusos prefijados se consideran parte de un enfoque funcional para el an.lisis del lenguaje. Los autores prueban que los prefijos verbales en el idioma ruso deben considerarse como elementos lingü.sticos separados, que proporcionan las caracter.sticas del sujeto u objeto actante

Pre-university education in terms of promoting Russian education on the world education market

Russia's advancement on the world education market is one of the foreign policy challenges. The pre-university stage is the milestone for the professional development of a foreign student. Such stage is of paramount importance for the Russia's integration into the world education market. Since the pre-university stage has been the first stage of training in the Russian education system, it should be a specific focal point for the educational service provider. Based on the footprint of pre-university education, foreigners shall have an understanding with respect to the educational system of a country the language whereof is studied

Development Tendencies of Criminal Procedure Form of Pretrial Proceedings

Some up-to-date differentiation problems of the criminal procedure mode of proceedings are considered in the article. In particular, the author analyzed the latest changes in the RF Criminal Procedure Code, regulating the participation of attesting witnesses in investigative actions proceedings, conduct of an inquiry in the reduced form as well as possible additions to criminal procedure law

Comparison of titanium mesh implants with PLA-hydroxyapatite coatings for maxillofacial cancer reconstruction

Since 2013 physics of TPU and oncologists from the TCRI with participation of the “ConMet” company (Moscow) and the “Sintel” company (Tomsk Special Economic Zone resident) have been working on the theme entitled “Development of the composite implants for reconstructive surgery of a craniofacial areas of the traumatological and oncological patients” supported with the Federal Program ”R&D, part 1.3”. The goal was to develop the maxillo-facial implants on the basis of the transformable titanium mesh with PLA & hydroxyapatite coating. According to the Contract No. 14.578.21.0031, the team of developers had to start supplying these advanced implants to the industrial partners up to 2017. This research was supported with the preliminary market researches by the ISPMS SB RAS and the TP “MF”. The stages of preliminary market researches were: 1) research of the Worldwide CMF market; 2) forecasting the BRIC CMF market up to 2020; 3) the total Russian market (epidemiology) estimation as a sum of official calculations and statistics; 4) looking for the best foreign analogue prices, comparing their and our implant properties; 5) search for the best Russian analogues; 6) the investigation of the world patent databaseEspacenet for the last years, and finding the owners and applicants of patents of CMF osteosynthesis plates on the basis of titanium coated with PLA & hydroxyapatite; 7) comparison of the domestic implants, and making conclusions. Several variants of the meshes have got the equal quality with the best foreign and Russian implants. The closest analogues were titanium, polyethylene, PEEK composite meshes suited to the patient shape by the Synthes company in 2014, and the only hybrid titanium "Grey" implant with layers of gelatin, dextran, collagen, HAP & BMP-2 was found. This implant was produced by Russian institution, and it was mentioned in the report on clinical trials by L.A. Pavlova et al., 2014 [1]. There are no manufacturers of the coated implants in Russia. The average price of the similar foreign implants varies from 12 up to 4

Prognostic significance of TGF-B-associated proteins in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen

We investigated the effect of 3 TGF-β-associated signaling components (TGF-β1, TGF-βR1

Microarray research of allelic imbalance in breast cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

For single nucleotide polymorphism – SNP (SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is characterized by phenomenon of allelic imbalance (AI). The phenomenon of allelic imbalanced (AI) is typical of many genes in different malignancies. Allelic imbalanced may result allelic deletions (loss of one copy of the locus) or amplification of one allele, resulting in only a single allelic variant of SNP is determined in the tumor in the PCR. Phenomenon of AI in tumors of breast cancer (BC) is considered in one or more genes. The phenomenon of AI during chemotherapy (CT) and especially in the longer format of the gene had not previously been studied. Thus, the aim of this work was to study microarray imbalanced allele in mammary tumors during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Materials and methods: The study included 26 breast cancer patients with stage IIA – IIIC. The patients in the neoadjuvant mode received 2–4 courses of chemotherapy regimens FAC or CAX. DNA from 26 paired samples before treatment and operational samples were isolated by dialing QIAampDNA miniKit (Qiagen, Germany). Microarray analysis was performed on DNA chips of high density company Affymetrix (USA) CytoScanTM HD Array, which contains more than 750 thousand SNP. Microarray analysis was performed on SNP genotypes DNA tumor tissue before and after treatment for each patient and recorded as change occurring allelic imbalanced tumor tissue genotype (AA > AB > AB AA BB > AB > AB BB) during therapy. Results: The frequency of the AI in breast tumor during NCT was highly variable (within 0.9–66.5%) of the studied SNP (6850 – 497,979 SNP). For each patient, frequency shift genotype (homozygous in heterozygous genotype, and vice versa) was calculated as a percentage of all the shifts. Changes in the wild or mutant heterozygous genotypes (AA or BB > AB) were combined into one group; the second group was the sum of the change in the heterozygous genotype homozygous wild genotype or the mutant (AB > AA or BB). We have found that the direction of the AI was significantly associated effect of NCT. In the group of patients with partial regression, the direction of AI change from homozygous to heterozygous genotype often occurs (AA or BB > AB) (9/14, 64%), whereas patients with no response to the NCT (with stabilization or progression) have the opposite effect. All these patients (12/12 cases) have the direction of the change of AI from heterozygous genotype to homozygous (AA or AB > BB) (p = 0.00071). AI during chemotherapy at the level of the marked tendency (Log-rank test, p = 0.062) is associated with 5-year metastasis-free survival. Low metastasis-free survival rate is observed in patients with AI in the direction of the change from the heterozygous to homozygous genotype, while 100% survival is noted in patients with change from homozygous to heterozygous genotypes, and this imbalanced t allele is a favorable prognostic factor. Conclusion: Allelic imbalanced in breast tumor during NCT phenomenon is massive and may affect up to 67% of SNP. AI may occur in the direction of change from homozygous to heterozygous genotype, and it is associated with a good response to treatment and 100% metastasis-free survival. Apparently, this can be explained by the fact that the change from homozygous genotypes to heterozygous occur due to partial destruction of tumor cells by chemotherapy, resulting in the increase of stromal elements. In contrast, AI in the direction change from heterozygous to homozygous genotype during NCT is associated with no response to chemotherapy due to metastasis and occurring of new mutant clones in the tumor

The molecular aspects of personalized anticancer treatment

Only 25% of cancer patients, on average, benefit from therapy. Even in the cases of complete clinical response the tumor progression is an event of high level expectation. The main reasons for tumor progression are: intratumor heterogeneity resulted from clonal evolution, drug resistance, and tumor-promoting microenvironment. The reprogramming of microenvironmental stromal-inflammatory components is expected to allow tumor phenotype reversion. So, to find the new effective markers of tumor progression, drug response and targets for therapy, it could be promising to take into account the tumor-microenvironment heterogeneity and tumor clonal evolution