Le lymphomes non hodgkinien primitif de la thyroïde: à propos de sept cas

Les lymphomes non hodgkiniens primitifs de la thyroïde sont rares : ils représentent moins de 2 à 5 % des cancers de la thyroïde. L’objectif de cetravail est de revoir les stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques actuelles des lymphomes non hodgkiniens primitifs de la thyroïde tout enprésentant notre expérience à l’Institut national d’oncologie. Nous rapportons à travers une étude rétrospective, sept cas des lymphomes nonhodgkiniens primitifs de la thyroïde colligés à l’Institut National d’Oncologie au Maroc entre 2004 et 2008. Sept patients ont été inclus dans notre étude, l’âge médian au moment du diagnostic était de 50 ans, avec sexe ratio de 2.5 à prédominance féminine. Le diagnostic histopathologique avec l’immunomarquage après chirurgie a conclu dans tous les cas à un lymphome malin non hodgkinien : 3 patientes avec un lymphome de type MALT, et les 4 autres avec un LMNH à grandes cellules de phénotype B. Une thyroïdite chronique lymphocytaire d’Hashimoto coexistante avec le lymphome malin primitif de la thyroïde était retrouvée chez une patiente. Concernant le traitement du lymphome, 5 patientes ont reçu une polychimiothérapie, et les 2 autres ont bénéficié d’un traitement combiné comportant la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie. Une patiente est décédée 3 mois après la fin du traitement. Le suivi médian des autres patients était de 24 mois et on ne notait aucune récidive de lymphome. Les lymphomes non hodgkiniens primitifs de la thyroïde sont rares. Le traitement combiné par une chimiothérapie et radiothérapie a prouvé sonefficacité. Le pronostic des stades localisés est généralement favorable. Key words: Lymphome primitif de la thyroïde, traitemen

Tutorial videos of bioinformatics resources: online distribution trial in Japan named TogoTV

In recent years, biological web resources such as databases and tools have become more complex because of the enormous amounts of data generated in the field of life sciences. Traditional methods of distributing tutorials include publishing textbooks and posting web documents, but these static contents cannot adequately describe recent dynamic web services. Due to improvements in computer technology, it is now possible to create dynamic content such as video with minimal effort and low cost on most modern computers. The ease of creating and distributing video tutorials instead of static content improves accessibility for researchers, annotators and curators. This article focuses on online video repositories for educational and tutorial videos provided by resource developers and users. It also describes a project in Japan named TogoTV (http://togotv.dbcls.jp/en/) and discusses the production and distribution of high-quality tutorial videos, which would be useful to viewer, with examples. This article intends to stimulate and encourage researchers who develop and use databases and tools to distribute how-to videos as a tool to enhance product usability

Applying a User-centred Approach to Interactive Visualization Design

Analysing users in their context of work and finding out how and why they use different information resources is essential to provide interactive visualisation systems that match their goals and needs. Designers should actively involve the intended users throughout the whole process. This chapter presents a user-centered approach for the design of interactive visualisation systems. We describe three phases of the iterative visualisation design process: the early envisioning phase, the global specification hase, and the detailed specification phase. The whole design cycle is repeated until some criterion of success is reached. We discuss different techniques for the analysis of users, their tasks and domain. Subsequently, the design of prototypes and evaluation methods in visualisation practice are presented. Finally, we discuss the practical challenges in design and evaluation of collaborative visualisation environments. Our own case studies and those of others are used throughout the whole chapter to illustrate various approaches

Supramolecular organogels based on mesogenic 2,7-difunctionalized triphenylenes as a simple system for water content assessment in light alcohols

A series of three triphenylene compounds – denoted 2,7-THTP-DiCnOH – bearing four hexyloxy ancillary chains and two variable-length alkoxy chains terminally functionalized with hydroxyl groups have been synthesized and characterized. The studied compounds exhibited thermotropic mesomorphism; the detailed nature of the mesophases was found to depend on the relative positions of the terminal functional groups relative to the crown formed by the ancillary chains. All the studied compounds were able to act as supramolecular gelators in a variety of alcohols; their organogelating ability has been rationalized in terms of physicochemical parameters like the dielectric constant, which allowed us to establish very precise predictive “solvent gelation windows” for each compound. Remarkably stable gels have been detected for 2,7-THTP-DiC6OH in methanol. As a proof of principle, we present the water sensing performance as a rapid method for the assessment of water content in alcohol samples based on the influence that the water content exerts on the gels’ thermostability.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

A deeply branching thermophilic bacterium with an ancient acetyl-CoA pathway dominates a subsurface ecosystem

<div><p>A nearly complete genome sequence of <em>Candidatus</em> ‘Acetothermum autotrophicum’, a presently uncultivated bacterium in candidate division OP1, was revealed by metagenomic analysis of a subsurface thermophilic microbial mat community. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of proteins common among 367 prokaryotes suggests that <em>Ca.</em> ‘A. autotrophicum’ is one of the earliest diverging bacterial lineages. It possesses a folate-dependent Wood-Ljungdahl (acetyl-CoA) pathway of CO₂ fixation, is predicted to have an acetogenic lifestyle, and possesses the newly discovered archaeal-autotrophic type of bifunctional fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase/phosphatase. A phylogenetic analysis of the core gene cluster of the acethyl-CoA pathway, shared by acetogens, methanogens, some sulfur- and iron-reducers and dechlorinators, supports the hypothesis that the core gene cluster of <em>Ca.</em> ‘A. autotrophicum’ is a particularly ancient bacterial pathway. The habitat, physiology and phylogenetic position of <em>Ca.</em> ‘A. autotrophicum’ support the view that the first bacterial and archaeal lineages were H₂-dependent acetogens and methanogenes living in hydrothermal environments.</p> </div

Biogenesis of the inner membrane complex is dependent on vesicular transport by the alveolate specific GTPase Rab11B

Apicomplexan parasites belong to a recently recognised group of protozoa referred to as Alveolata. These protists contain membranous sacs (alveoli) beneath the plasma membrane, termed the Inner Membrane Complex (IMC) in the case of Apicomplexa. During parasite replication the IMC is formed de novo within the mother cell in a process described as internal budding. We hypothesized that an alveolate specific factor is involved in the specific transport of vesicles from the Golgi to the IMC and identified the small GTPase Rab11B as an alveolate specific Rab-GTPase that localises to the growing end of the IMC during replication of Toxoplasma gondii. Conditional interference with Rab11B function leads to a profound defect in IMC biogenesis, indicating that Rab11B is required for the transport of Golgi derived vesicles to the nascent IMC of the daughter cell. Curiously, a block in IMC biogenesis did not affect formation of sub-pellicular microtubules, indicating that IMC biogenesis and formation of sub-pellicular microtubules is not mechanistically linked. We propose a model where Rab11B specifically transports vesicles derived from the Golgi to the immature IMC of the growing daughter parasites

EPGD: a comprehensive web resource for integrating and displaying eukaryotic paralog/paralogon information

Gene duplication is common in all three domains of life, especially in eukaryotic genomes. The duplicates provide new material for the action of evolutionary forces such as selection or genetic drift. Here we describe a sophisticated procedure to extract duplicated genes (paralogs) from 26 available eukaryotic genomes, to pre-calculate several evolutionary indexes (evolutionary rate, synonymous distance/clock, transition redundant exchange clock, etc.) based on the paralog family, and to identify block or segmental duplications (paralogons). We also constructed an internet-accessible Eukaryotic Paralog Group Database (EPGD; http://epgd.biosino.org/EPGD/). The database is gene-centered and organized by paralog family. It focuses on paralogs and evolutionary duplication events. The paralog families and paralogons can be searched by text or sequence, and are downloadable from the website as plain text files. The database will be very useful for both experimentalists and bioinformaticians interested in the study of duplication events or paralog families

The impact of point mutations in the human androgen receptor : classification of mutations on the basis of transcriptional activity

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

MOSAIC: an online database dedicated to the comparative genomics of bacterial strains at the intra-species level

BACKGROUND: The recent availability of complete sequences for numerous closely related bacterial genomes opens up new challenges in comparative genomics. Several methods have been developed to align complete genomes at the nucleotide level but their use and the biological interpretation of results are not straightforward. It is therefore necessary to develop new resources to access, analyze, and visualize genome comparisons. DESCRIPTION: Here we present recent developments on MOSAIC, a generalist comparative bacterial genome database. This database provides the bacteriologist community with easy access to comparisons of complete bacterial genomes at the intra-species level. The strategy we developed for comparison allows us to define two types of regions in bacterial genomes: backbone segments (i.e., regions conserved in all compared strains) and variable segments (i.e., regions that are either specific to or variable in one of the aligned genomes). Definition of these segments at the nucleotide level allows precise comparative and evolutionary analyses of both coding and non-coding regions of bacterial genomes. Such work is easily performed using the MOSAIC Web interface, which allows browsing and graphical visualization of genome comparisons. CONCLUSION: The MOSAIC database now includes 493 pairwise comparisons and 35 multiple maximal comparisons representing 78 bacterial species. Genome conserved regions (backbones) and variable segments are presented in various formats for further analysis. A graphical interface allows visualization of aligned genomes and functional annotations. The MOSAIC database is available online at http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/mosaic