342 research outputs found
Constraints and Soliton Solutions for the KdV Hierarchy and AKNS Hierarchy
It is well-known that the finite-gap solutions of the KdV equation can be
generated by its recursion operator.We generalize the result to a special form
of Lax pair, from which a method to constrain the integrable system to a
lower-dimensional or fewer variable integrable system is proposed. A direct
result is that the -soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy can be completely
depicted by a series of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which may be
gotten by a simple but unfamiliar Lax pair. Furthermore the AKNS hierarchy is
constrained to a series of univariate integrable hierarchies. The key is a
special form of Lax pair for the AKNS hierarchy. It is proved that under the
constraints all equations of the AKNS hierarchy are linearizable.Comment: 12 pages, 0 figur
Quantification of the boron speciation in alkali borosilicate glasses by electron energy loss spectroscopy
Transmission electron microscopy and related analytical techniques have been widely used to study the microstructure of different materials. However, few research works have been performed in the field of glasses, possibly due to the electron-beam irradiation damage. In this paper, we have developed a method based on electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data acquisition and analyses, which enables determination of the boron speciation in a series of ternary alkali borosilicate glasses with constant molar ratios. A script for the fast acquisition of EELS has been designed, from which the fraction of BO(4) tetrahedra can be obtained by fitting the experimental data with linear combinations of the reference spectra. The BO(4) fractions (N(4)) obtained by EELS are consistent with those from (11)B MAS NMR spectra, suggesting that EELS can be an alternative and convenient way to determine the N(4) fraction in glasses. In addition, the boron speciation of a CeO(2) doped potassium borosilicate glass has been analyzed by using the time-resolved EELS spectra. The results clearly demonstrate that the BO(4) to BO(3) transformation induced by the electron beam irradiation can be efficiently suppressed by doping CeO(2) to the borosilicate glasses
Study on a Cracked Single-Layer 2D Woven Composite Plate: Fracture Mode and Damage Analysis
An experimental study and numerical calculation are conducted to investigate the crack propagation in a 2D woven composite. Crack propagation tests of single-layer composite plate specimens permit this process to be directly followed. Analysis of their fracture surfaces reveals crack propagation paths, fracture mode, and damage mechanisms. The loadâdeflection curve represents the crack propagation as a three-stage process. The stress intensity near the crack tip is evaluated with the critical stress intensity factor numerically calculated. The results demonstrate a good agreement between the calculations and experiment.ĐŃĐŸĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ ŃĐșŃпДŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐ” ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ Đž ŃĐžŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐžĐ·ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐ°ŃĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœ ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐșĐ°ĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐ°. ĐĐ»Đ°ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐžŃĐżŃŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐœĐ° ŃĐ°ŃĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœ ĐČ ĐŸĐŽĐœĐŸŃĐ»ĐŸĐčĐœĐŸĐč ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐœĐŸĐč плаŃŃĐžĐœĐ” ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ”ĐżĐŸŃŃДЎŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ°Đ±Đ»ŃĐŽĐ°ŃŃ ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ŃĐ°ŃĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœ. ĐĐœĐ°Đ»ĐžĐ· ĐżĐŸĐČĐ”ŃŃ
ĐœĐŸŃŃĐ”Đč ŃĐ°Đ·ŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐŸĐČ ĐżĐŸĐ·ĐČĐŸĐ»ŃĐ”Ń ŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ ŃŃĐ°Đ”ĐșŃĐŸŃĐžŃ ŃĐ°ŃĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœ, Ń
Đ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ”Ń ŃĐ°Đ·ŃŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Đž ĐŒĐ”Ń
Đ°ĐœĐžĐ·ĐŒŃ ĐżĐŸĐČŃĐ”Đ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃ. ĐĄĐŸĐłĐ»Đ°ŃĐœĐŸ ĐșŃĐžĐČĐŸĐč ĐœĐ°ĐłŃŃĐ·ĐșĐ°âпДŃĐ”ĐŒĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ”, ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ”ŃŃ ŃĐ°ŃĐżŃĐŸŃŃŃĐ°ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœ ŃазЎДлŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐž ŃŃаЎОО. ĐĐ»Ń ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐžĐœŃĐ”ĐœŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐœĐ°ĐżŃŃĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐČ ĐČĐ”ŃŃĐžĐœĐ” ŃŃĐ”ŃĐžĐœŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐŸĐČ ĐŸĐżŃДЎДлŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐșŃĐžŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžĐč ĐșĐŸŃŃŃĐžŃĐžĐ”ĐœŃ ĐžĐœŃĐ”ĐœŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐœĐ°ĐżŃŃĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐżŃŃĐ”ĐŒ ŃĐžŃĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐČ. ĐĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃŃ ĐŽĐ”ĐŒĐŸĐœŃŃŃĐžŃŃŃŃ Ń
ĐŸŃĐŸŃДД ŃĐŸĐŸŃĐČĐ”ŃŃŃĐČОД ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ”ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃŃ
Ń ŃĐșŃпДŃĐžĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃĐŒĐž
Boson Decays to Meson and Its Uncertainties
The programming new collider with high luminosity shall provide
another useful platform to study the properties of the doubly heavy meson
in addition to the hadronic colliders as LHC and TEVATRON. Under the `New Trace
Amplitude Approach', we calculate the production of the spin-singlet and
the spin-triplet mesons through the boson decays, where
uncertainties for the production are also discussed. Our results show
KeV and
KeV, where the errors are caused by
varying and within their reasonable regions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. To be published in Eur.Phys.J.
Production of the -Wave Excited -States through the Boson Decays
In Ref.[7],we have dealt with the production of the two color-singlet
-wave -quarkonium states and
through the boson decays. As an
important sequential work, we make a further discussion on the production of
the more complicated -wave excited -quarkonium states, i.e.
and (with
). More over, we also calculate the channel with the two color-octet
quarkonium states and , whose contributions to the decay width maybe at the same order of
magnitude as that of the color-singlet -wave states according to the naive
nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics scaling rules. The -wave states shall
provide sizable contributions to the production, whose decay width is
about 20% of the total decay width . After summing up all
the mentioned -quarkonium states' contributions, we obtain
KeV, where the errors are caused
by the main uncertainty sources.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables. basic formulae in the appendix are
cut off to match the published version, which can be found in v1. to be
published in Eur.Phys.J.
Semileptonic decays of , , and
Stimulated by recent observations of the excited bottom-strange mesons
and , we calculate the semileptonic decays , which is relevant for the exploration of the
potential of searching these semileptonic decays in experiment.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 9 tables. More discussion added, some
descriptions changed. The version to appear in EPJ
Dynamics of multipartite quantum correlations under decoherence
Quantum discord is an optimal resource for the quantification of classical
and non-classical correlations as compared to other related measures. Geometric
measure of quantum discord is another measure of quantum correlations.
Recently, the geometric quantum discord for multipartite states has been
introduced by Jianwei Xu [arxiv:quant/ph.1205.0330]. Motivated from the recent
study [Ann. Phys. 327 (2012) 851] for the bipartite systems, I have
investigated global quantum discord (QD) and geometric quantum discord (GQD)
under the influence of external environments for different multipartite states.
Werner-GHZ type three-qubit and six-qubit states are considered in inertial and
non-inertial settings. The dynamics of QD and GQD is investigated under
amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and flipping channels. It is
seen that the quantum discord vanishes for p>0.75 in case of three-qubit GHZ
states and for p>0.5 for six qubit GHZ states. This implies that multipartite
states are more fragile to decoherence for higher values of N. Surprisingly, a
rapid sudden death of discord occurs in case of phase flip channel. However,
for bit flip channel, no sudden death happens for the six-qubit states. On the
other hand, depolarizing channel heavily influences the QD and GQD as compared
to the amplitude damping channel. It means that the depolarizing channel has
the most destructive influence on the discords for multipartite states. From
the perspective of accelerated observers, it is seen that effect of environment
on QD and GQD is much stronger than that of the acceleration of non-inertial
frames. The degradation of QD and GQD happens due to Unruh effect. Furthermore,
QD exhibits more robustness than GQD when the multipartite systems are exposed
to environment.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 table
BESII Detector Simulation
A Monte Carlo program based on Geant3 has been developed for BESII detector
simulation. The organization of the program is outlined, and the digitization
procedure for simulating the response of various sub-detectors is described.
Comparisons with data show that the performance of the program is generally
satisfactory.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, uses elsart.cls, to be submitted to NIM
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
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