Monitoring the low doping regime in graphene using Raman 2D peak-splits: Comparison of gated Raman and transport measurements

Avoiding charge density fluctuations and impurities in graphene is vital for high-quality graphene-based devices. Traditional characterization methods require device fabrication and electrical transport measurements, which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Existing optical methods using Raman spectroscopy only work for doping levels higher than ~10^12 cm^-2. Here, we propose an optical method using Raman 2D peak-splitting (split between the Raman 2D1 and 2D2 peaks at low doping levels). Electrostatically gated Raman measurements combined with transport measurements were used to correlate the 2D peak-split with the charge density on graphene with high precision (2x10^10 cm^-2 per 2D peak-split wavenumber). We found that the Raman 2D peak-split has a strong correlation with the charge density at low doping levels, and that a lower charge density results in a larger 2D peak-split. Our work provides a simple and non-invasive optical method to quantify the doping level of graphene from 10^10 cm^-2 to 10^12 cm^-2, two orders of magnitude higher precision than previously reported optical methods. This method provides a platform for estimating the doping level and quality of graphene before fabricating graphene deviceshttps://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10961First author draf

Whether the Debtor or Bankruptcy Estate Owns Malpractice Claims That Accrue During a Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

(Excerpt) When a debtor files for chapter 11 bankruptcy, three different time periods become important to determine whether the debtor or the estate holds certain rights and interests. The first time period is before a debtor files for bankruptcy. The second time period is after filing for bankruptcy but before conversion. The third time period is post-conversion. If the misconduct that gives rise to the legal malpractice claim occurs after the filing of a chapter 11 case but before the conversion to a chapter 7 case, the cause of action belongs to the bankruptcy estate. In that situation, the trustee, as the representative of the bankruptcy estate, becomes the real party in interest and is the only party with standing to bring the malpractice claims. But if the legal malpractice occurs after the case has been converted to chapter 7, the cause of action belongs to the debtor. The first two parts of this article discusses the statutory authority that governs this particular matter. Part I discusses section 541(a)(1) of title 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), which defines what is included in a bankruptcy estate’s “property.” Part II discusses section 1115(a)(1) of the Code, which expands the definition of “property” referenced in section 541. Part III examines recent cases in which courts held that causes of action that arose before conversion, including legal malpractice claims, ultimately belonged to a bankruptcy estate. Part IV concludes by examining the implications of this rule for practicing bankruptcy attorneys as well the rights of debtors and bankruptcy estates

Application of Gender Difference and Topic Preference to Promote Students' Motivation for Online EFL Learning

[EN] The focus of this paper is to apply the analysis of gender difference and topic preference to enhance and motivate online EFL learning shown by Taiwanese students enrolled in Freshman English Aural Training courses for English majors in a university in central Taiwan. Online learning for EFL students has been a worldwide trend. Hundreds of websites are accessible for EFL students to learn English linguistically and culturally. Many websites are free for users to learn autonomously; however, in order for EFL students to learn English effectively, it is essential for EFL teachers to create a pedagogical design to increase students motivation to learn. Gender difference has been a controversial issue. Scientists have found that the brain structure of men and women are different (Rogers, 1999, Sax, 2005). While this is true, the influence of culture on EFL students preference for different topics to learn online cannot be underestimated. This paper will present the preferences shown by both male and female Aural Training students choices toward Voice of America (http://www.voanews.com/learningenglish/home/) online listening articles in the following topics: Science, Technology, Education, Entertainment and Economy. The analysis of the data shows that gender difference in choosing topics online for EFL learning is applicable to EFL pedagogical design and thus suggests that EFL teachers take these two factors in consideration when planning materials for the male and female students in their EFL classes.Chen, A. (2012). Application of Gender Difference and Topic Preference to Promote Students' Motivation for Online EFL Learning. The EuroCALL Review. 20(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2012.16040475220

Experimental validation of equilibria in fuel cells with dead-ended anodes

This paper investigates the nitrogen blanketing front during the dead-ended anode (DEA) operation of a PEM fuel cell. Surprisingly the dynamic evolution of nitrogen and water accumulation in the dead-ended anode (DEA) of a PEM fuel cell arrives to a steady-state suggesting the existence of equilibrium behavior. We use a multi-component model of the two-phase one-dimensional (along-the-channel) system behavior to analyze and exploit this phenomenon. Specifically, the model is first verified with experimental observations, and then utilized for showing the evolution towards equilibrium. The full order model is reduced to a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with one state, which can be used to predict and amalyse the surprising but experimentally observed steady state DEA behavior

Fooling Vision and Language Models Despite Localization and Attention Mechanism

Adversarial attacks are known to succeed on classifiers, but it has been an open question whether more complex vision systems are vulnerable. In this paper, we study adversarial examples for vision and language models, which incorporate natural language understanding and complex structures such as attention, localization, and modular architectures. In particular, we investigate attacks on a dense captioning model and on two visual question answering (VQA) models. Our evaluation shows that we can generate adversarial examples with a high success rate (i.e., > 90%) for these models. Our work sheds new light on understanding adversarial attacks on vision systems which have a language component and shows that attention, bounding box localization, and compositional internal structures are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These observations will inform future work towards building effective defenses.Comment: CVPR 201

novoBreak: local assembly for breakpoint detection in cancer genomes.

We present novoBreak, a genome-wide local assembly algorithm that discovers somatic and germline structural variation breakpoints in whole-genome sequencing data. novoBreak consistently outperformed existing algorithms on real cancer genome data and on synthetic tumors in the ICGC-TCGA DREAM 8.5 Somatic Mutation Calling Challenge primarily because it more effectively utilized reads spanning breakpoints. novoBreak also demonstrated great sensitivity in identifying short insertions and deletions

Fooling Vision and Language Models Despite Localization and Attention Mechanism

Adversarial attacks are known to succeed on classifiers, but it has been an open question whether more complex vision systems are vulnerable. In this paper, we study adversarial examples for vision and language models, which incorporate natural language understanding and complex structures such as attention, localization, and modular architectures. In particular, we investigate attacks on a dense captioning model and on two visual question answering (VQA) models. Our evaluation shows that we can generate adversarial examples with a high success rate (i.e., > 90%) for these models. Our work sheds new light on understanding adversarial attacks on vision systems which have a language component and shows that attention, bounding box localization, and compositional internal structures are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These observations will inform future work towards building effective defenses.Comment: CVPR 201