НАВЧАЛЬНА ДЕМОНСТРАЦІЯ АВТОПСІЇ ЯК МЕТОД ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПРАКТИЧНОГО ЗАНЯТТЯ З ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЇ

The aim of the work – to develop a methodology for conducting classes in a sectional room, which will allow students to be involved and motivated to study a clinical case involving an autopsy, and to more objectively evaluate theoretical training and practical skills at its completion; evaluate the opinion of students of the rst and second course, regarding their attitude to different methods of conducting classes on pathomorphology. In addition, to conduct a survey of students, who taught the subject “Pathomorphology”, regarding their attitude to various methods of conducting lessons from the subject, and to analyze its results.The main body. We proposed the technique of laboratory class with evaluation of achieved knowledge and skills. The general purpose of this approval was the improving of students’ observing work quality in an autopsy room. We developed the methodological materials in form of simpli ed questionnaire blank for autopsy report, which in its turn was adapted for third-year students.Conclusions. This method stimulates the observation skills during the autopsy. It either comprises the writing assessment of knowledge and skills that are related to the current case. Attendance of educational autopsies helps medical students in clinical-pathological comparison, in more profound understanding of pathologies, and improves their quali cation.Мета роботи – розробити методику проведення заняття у секційному залі, що дозволить залучити та мотивувати студентів до вивчення клінічного випадку, пов’язаного із розтином, а також більш об’єктивно оцінити теоретичну підготовку та практичні навички по його завершенні. Оцінити думку студентів першого та другого курсів щодо їх ставлення до різних методів проведення заняття з патоморфології. Окрім того, провести опитування студентів, яким викладався предмет “Патоморфологія”, щодо їх ставлення до різних методик проведення занять із предмета, та проаналізувати його результати.Основна частина. Для підвищення якості роботи студентів у секційному залі ми запропонували техніку проведення заняття та оцінки отриманих знань і навичок, розробивши методичні матеріали у вигляді бланка навчального протоколу розтину, адаптованого для студентів третього року навчання медичного факультету.Висновки. Дана методика стимулює навичку спостереження в процесі автопсії, а також включає у себе виконання письмового завдання для перевірки теоретичних знань та вмінь, пов’язаних із макроскопічним описом патологічних змін. Навчальне відвідування автопсій допомагає майбутнім лікарям провести клініко-морфологічні паралелі, глибше зрозуміти зміст нозологій та підвищити власний кваліфікаційний рівень

Influence of silver content on the tribomechanical behavior on Ag-TiCN bioactive coatings

Surface modification of bulk materials used in biomedical applications has become an important prerequisite for better biocompatibility. In particular, to overcome the particle generation, low-wear coatings based on carbon (nitrogen) and containing antimicrobial elements such as silver are promising candidates. Thus, the present work explores the potentialities of silver-containing carbonitride-based (Ag-TiCN) thin films prepared by direct current unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering. The silver content in the coatings was varied from 0 to 26.7 at.% by changing the targets and the fraction of C2H2 and N2 in the gas mixture with Ar. The obtained Ag-TiCN based coatings were characterized in terms of composition and microstructure. Mechanical and tribological properties of the films were studied by nanoindentation and reciprocating pin-on disk testing in a fetal bovine serum solution, respectively. Raman, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis was carried out in the contact region after tribological tests to obtain information about the friction mechanism. The cytotoxicity of the coatings was assessed by in vitro tests using fibroblast cells. The coatings comprised a mixture of TiCxN1−x, Ag and a-C(N)x phases whose relative proportion varied depending on the Ag/Ti ratio. The mechanical, tribological and cytotoxicity properties were correlated with the chemical and phase composition. When the Ag/Ti ratios were below 0.20 (Ag contents b6.3 at.%) the films resulted harder (~18 GPa) with higher wear resistance (~10−6 mm3/Nm), showing similar friction coefficient (~0.3) and good biocompatibility.The authors are grateful to the financial support of the CRUP Institution by the project "Accao No E-1007/08", the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects FUNCOAT CSD2008-00023 and HP2007-0116), Junta de Andalucia (project TEP 06782) and CSIC-FCT institutions (2007PT0043). The work was financially supported by Portuguese national funds through the FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, (project PTDC/CTM/102853/2008) and partially sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade

Differential expression of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in human tissues; tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical study

In the present study we determined the expression pattern of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in various normal human tissues by tissue-microarray based immunohistochemical analysis. Both proteins belong to the HSPA (HSP70) family of heat shock proteins. The HSPA2 is encoded by the gene originally defined as testis-specific, while HSPA1 is encoded by the stress-inducible genes (HSPA1A and HSPA1B). Our study revealed that both proteins are expressed only in some tissues from the 24 ones examined. HSPA2 was detected in adrenal gland, bronchus, cerebellum, cerebrum, colon, esophagus, kidney, skin, small intestine, stomach and testis, but not in adipose tissue, bladder, breast, cardiac muscle, diaphragm, liver, lung, lymph node, pancreas, prostate, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid. Expression of HSPA1 was detected in adrenal gland, bladder, breast, bronchus, cardiac muscle, esophagus, kidney, prostate, skin, but not in other tissues examined. Moreover, HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins were found to be expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. The most pronounced cell-type expression pattern was found for HSPA2 protein. In the case of stratified squamous epithelia of the skin and esophagus, as well as in ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining respiratory tract, the HSPA2 positive cells were located in the basal layer. In the colon, small intestine and bronchus epithelia HSPA2 was detected in goblet cells. In adrenal gland cortex HSPA2 expression was limited to cells of zona reticularis. The presented results clearly show that certain human tissues constitutively express varying levels of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in a highly differentiated way. Thus, our study can help designing experimental models suitable for cell- and tissue-type-specific functional differences between HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins in human tissues

Interaction of director antennas in the near-field region

The interaction between the director antennas, located in the near-field region or incorporated into the equidistant antenna array, or forming an arbitrary group, is analyzed by the integral equations method. In the second case as above the director antennas may have different geometry and, hence, may differ in terms of their medium frequency in the operation range

Isolation between channels into multiple-beam mirror antenna in spherical wave receiving mode

The single-reflector multiple-beam antenna in which the fan of beams forms in an electrical plane by application of the linear lattice of horn antennas in the capacity of the radiation source is observed. The field distribution in the field of a disposition of horn feeds, an antenna pattern and isolation between horn feeds in a receive mode of the spherical wave radiated from the given point of space is explored. At modelling the method of physical optics is used

Biosynthesis of l-4-Chlorokynurenine, an antidepressant prodrug and a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in lipopeptide antibiotics

l-4-Chlorokynurenine (l-4-Cl-Kyn) is a neuropharmaceutical drug candidate that is in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Recently, this amino acid was naturally found as a residue in the lipopeptide antibiotic taromycin. Herein, we report the unprecedented conversion of l-tryptophan into l-4-Cl-Kyn catalyzed by four enzymes in the taromycin biosynthetic pathway from the marine bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490. We used genetic, biochemical, structural, and analytical techniques to establish l-4-Cl-Kyn biosynthesis, which is initiated by the flavin-dependent tryptophan chlorinase Tar14 and its flavin reductase partner Tar15. This work revealed the first tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tar13) and kynurenine formamidase (Tar16) enzymes that are selective for chlorinated substrates. The substrate scope of Tar13, Tar14, and Tar16 was examined and revealed intriguing promiscuity, thereby opening doors for the targeted engineering of these enzymes as useful biocatalysts582583948399FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2016/25735-

Intraperitoneal immunity and pneumoperitoneum

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum has been implicated as a possible factor in depressed intraperitoneal immunity. Using in vitro functional assays, CO2 has been shown to decrease the function of peritoneal macrophages harvested from insufflated mice. However, an effective in vivo assessment is lacking. Listeria monocytogenes (LM), an intracellular pathogen, has served as a well-established in vivo model to study cell- mediated immune responses in mice. This study examines the immune competence of mice based on their ability to clear intraperitoneally administered LM following CO2 vs helium (He) insufflation. Methods: Eighty-five mice (C57B1/6, males, 4-6 weeks old) were divided between the following four treatment groups: CO2 insufflation, He insufflation, abdominal laparotomy (Lap), and control (anesthesia only). Immediately postoperatively, each group was inoculated percutaneously and intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose (.015 x 106 org) of virulent LM (EGD strain). Half of the animals were killed on postoperative day 3 and half on day 5. Spleens and livers (sites of bacterial predilection) were harvested, homogenized, and plated on TSB agar. The amount of bacteria (1 x 106 LM/spleen and liver) from each group was then compared. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Control animals had nominal bacteria on day 3 (0.016 x 106 LM/spleen and liver), and the bacterial burden remained low at day 5 (0.038 x 106 LM/spleen and liver) postchallenge. On day 3, the bacterial burden was significantly higher in the CO2 group (5.46 x 106 LM/spleen and liver) as compared to He (0.093 x 106 LM/spleen and liver) and controls. The Lap group (3.44 x 106 LM/spleen and liver) had significantly more bacteria than the controls. There were no significant differences between any of the groups on day 5. Conclusions: In this animal model, CO2 pneumoperitoneum impaired cell-mediated intraperitoneal immunity significantly more than He pneumoperitoneum and controls on day 3. Also on day 3, laparotomy caused impairment of intraperitoneal immunity when compared to controls. Finally, intraperitoneal immunosuppression resolved by day 5