Necesidades de los consumidores para sentirse únicos : (Caso aspirantes a Posgrado en proceso de admisión)

57 páginas : ilustraciones, gráficosLos seres humanos tenemos la necesidad natural de diferenciarnos los unos de los otros, cuando buscamos adquirir productos o servicios destacamos puntualmente aquellos que satisfacen la necesidad pero que además nos hagan sentir únicos e importantes. Este trabajo busca identificar las características que los estudiantes de posgrados de la Universidad del Rosario resaltaron por haberlos hecho sentir únicos e importante durante el proceso de admisión, la investigación fue desarrollada durante el año 2016 - 2017, el proceso se dividió en dos fases, la primera buscaba identificar hábitos de consumo y segmentar el público objetivo que se consideraba únicos e importantes, y la segunda fue una encuesta de preguntas cerradas para encontrar los aspectos que realmente ellos destacaron durante el proceso de admisión de la Universidad del Rosario. Las conclusiones demuestran los resultados de la investigación y como sugerencias se proponen acciones tácticas mejorando actividades que actualmente se llevan a cabo y planteando unas nuevas.Human beings have a natural need to differentiate each other, when we are looking for products or services we appreciate the ones that better satisfy our needs but also make us feel unique and important. This investigation seeks to identify the characteristics that postgraduate students of the Rosario University stand out for making them feel unique and important during the admission process. The research started from 2016 to 2017, the process was divided in two phases, the first one, has the objective to identify consumer's habits and also segment the target that felt unique and important. The second one, was a survey of closed questions to find the positive aspects that they highlighted during the admission process of Rosario University. The conclusions show the results of the research and we suggest tactical actions that improve the activities that are currently carried out and proposing new ones.Magíster en MercadeoMaestrí

Interactions between dendritic cells and mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that has a major impact on human health. Control of tuberculosis has proved extremely difficult, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries; this has been exacerbated by the variable efficacy of BCG, the current vaccine, and by the increasing prevalence of drug resistant strains. Effective immunity against Mtb involves cell-mediated mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DC) are likely to play a critical role in the induction of a cellular response to Mtb since they are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells (APC) for priming naive T cell lymphocytes. In this study we have investigated the interaction between Mtb and DC, and how that interaction might be used to generate protective immune responses. Working with a dendritic cell line and using electron microscopy we have shown that coincubation of DC with M.tuberculosis results in the rapid internalisation of the mycobacteria. Twelve hours after infection the mycobacteria are found within membrane-bound phagosomes. By 96 hours we could see some lysis of the DC although there was no evidence of apoptosis; the presence of Mtb was more difficult to detect by this stage. Over a 5-day period, the viability of M.tuberculosis that had been phagocytosed by DC was found to decline slightly, whereas an identical inoculum was able to replicate in cultured macrophages. We therefore investigated the mechanisms associated with this growth suppression and found that both oxygen and nitrogen radicals where involved. Changes in cytokine production by DC infected with Mtb were observed, with a significant up-regulation of cytokines involved in Th1 and Tc1 responses. Similar results were obtained when primary bone-marrow derived DC were infected with Mtb. Characterisation of surface molecules expressed by DC which had been infected with Mtb confirmed the maturation process of the cells with significant up-regulation of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 and increased expression of MHC class II molecules and ICAM-1. This response was found to be dependent on the rapid activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB, and was independent of TNF-a release. We also demonstrated expression of c-Rel and Rel-B proteins in Mtb-activated DC. In addition to these in vitro studies, we have also demonstrated that Mtb-activated DC are extremely efficient in priming naive murine T cells and that this immune response does not require T cell help. Mtb-activation of DC also results in efficient cross priming of T cells specific for Mtb. These responses enable Mtb-activated DC to confer protection against challenge with viable Mtb, with levels of protection as good or better than those conferred by BCG. The further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of mycobacteria with DC, and the mechanisms underlying the transfer of protective immunity, should provide important insights for the development of novel approaches to immunotherapy or for the development of new vaccines

Interactions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms in activated sludge: a molecular approach to improve wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of the most important biotechnological processes which are used worldwide to treat municipal and industrial sewage. Activated-sludge processes aim to achieve a maximal reduction of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of wastewater with a minimal production of biological solids. Even though many microbiological methods are available to study the activated sludge communities, many recent questions on the role of certain microorganisms are kept unanswered. A crucial addressed by the present work is to know if the presence of different groups of bacteria and protozoa lead to significant consequences on the process performance. Focusing on the importance of the interactions between the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic populations, the work will contribute to the knowledge of how microbial communities are established in a complex environment as the activated sludge processes

La planeación, formulación y aprobación del plan de desarrollo como base para el progreso en las entidades territoriales de Colombia, 2008 - 2011

El Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP) en su origen encuentra que desde 1936 se facultó al Estado para racionalizar la producción, distribución y consumo de riquezas, así como para ofrecer al trabajador colombiano la protección adecuada de acuerdo con sus derechos adquiridos. Bajo estos principios, la planeación en Colombia hizo su aparición ligada a cambios estructurales e institucionales que dieron inicio a los Consejos nacionales de economía y de política económica y social, como organismos asesores

La planeación, formulación y aprobación del plan de desarrollo como base para el progreso en las entidades territoriales de Colombia, 2008 - 2011

El Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP) en su origen encuentra que desde 1936 se facultó al Estado para racionalizar la producción, distribución y consumo de riquezas, así como para ofrecer al trabajador colombiano la protección adecuada de acuerdo con sus derechos adquiridos. Bajo estos principios, la planeación en Colombia hizo su aparición ligada a cambios estructurales e institucionales que dieron inicio a los Consejos nacionales de economía y de política económica y social, como organismos asesores

Genetic diversity of two Portuguese populations of the pullet carpet shell Venerupis senegalensis, based on RAPD markers: contribution to a sustainable restocking program

The pullet carpet shell Venerupis senegalensis (=V. pullastra) is a commercially important species in Portugal, Spain, France, and Italy. In Portugal, this species was once abundant in the Ria Formosa (southern Portugal

The Performance of Transferability Metrics does not Translate to Medical Tasks

Transfer learning boosts the performance of medical image analysis by enabling deep learning (DL) on small datasets through the knowledge acquired from large ones. As the number of DL architectures explodes, exhaustively attempting all candidates becomes unfeasible, motivating cheaper alternatives for choosing them. Transferability scoring methods emerge as an enticing solution, allowing to efficiently calculate a score that correlates with the architecture accuracy on any target dataset. However, since transferability scores have not been evaluated on medical datasets, their use in this context remains uncertain, preventing them from benefiting practitioners. We fill that gap in this work, thoroughly evaluating seven transferability scores in three medical applications, including out-of-distribution scenarios. Despite promising results in general-purpose datasets, our results show that no transferability score can reliably and consistently estimate target performance in medical contexts, inviting further work in that direction.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Accepted at the DART workshop @ MICCAI 202

Ensayo de intercambio catiónico de zeolitas naturales con elementos de tierras raras

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la efectividad de las zeolitas naturales para la concentración de ciertos minerales del grupo de las tierras raras, así como de algunos cationes asociados. El trabajo se ha centrado en cuatro muestras de zeolitas naturales procedentes de Cuba que fueron caracterizadas por métodos físicos, químicos y mineralógicos, confirmándose su pertenencia a la familia de zeolitas mordenita, excepto una que quedó descartada por pertenecer a la familia heulandita. Los ensayos de intercambio de elementos se realizaron durante un periodo de 168 horas con los cationes: Y3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ y Ni2+. Las concentraciones iniciales se analizaron en base a la capacidad media de intercambio catiónico de las muestras de zeolitas. Se concluyó que esta familia de zeolitas no presentaban la utilidad previamente buscada, debido a que en su composición contenían algunos de los elementos seleccionados dando como resultado una liberación de dichos cationes en lugar de un intercambio. The present work aims to analyze the effectiveness of natural zeolites for the concentration of certain minerals in the rare earth group, as well as some associated cations. The work has been centered on four samples of natural zeolites from Cuba that are characterized by physical, chemical and mineralogical methods, which confirm their membership in the mordenite zeolite family, except one that was discarded because it belonged to the heulandite family. The element exchange tests were carried out over a period of 168 hours with the cations: Y3+, Eu3+, Yb3+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ y Ni2+. Initial concentrations were set based on the average cation exchange capacity of the zeolite samples. It was concluded that this family of zeolites did not have the utility sought, because in its composition contained some of the selected elements resulting in an leaching of this cation in place of an exchange