UTILIZAÇÃO DE EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI (AVELOS) NO TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER

Euphorbia Tirucalli, também conhecida como avelós, figueira do diabo é pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, originária da África e de ampla ocorrência nos países tropicais

Impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo

Objetivo: Refletir sobre os impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo.Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, fundamentado em uma revisão teórica. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de maio de 2015 a julho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados e logo organizados nos seguintes eixos temáticos: O impacto da dor crônica sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas, Dor como quinto sinal vital: a importância de sua avaliação e Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com dor crônica.Resultados: Vários são os impactos que a dor acarreta na vida das pessoas e, quando este sintoma se torna crônico, a repercussão sobre a qualidade de suas vidas é mais intensa. Portanto, uma avaliação abrangente, holística e multiprofissional da pessoa com dor faz-se necessária, de forma que o enfermeiro, por meio do estabelecimento do processo de enfermagem, desempenhe um papel fundamental pelo processo de reconhecimento e controle desta condição com a implementação de diagnósticos acurados e intervenções efetivas.Conclusão: A dor crônica merece atenção especial do enfermeiro, de forma que a avaliação e o tratamento sejam os mais abrangentes possível, a fim de minimizar o impacto negativo da dor sobre a vida das pessoas.Objective: To reflect about impact of chronic pain on people’s life and on the nursing care in the process.Methodology: This is a reflexive essay, based on a theoretical review. The study was developed between May 2015 and July 2016. The data were analyzed and after organized in thematic axes as follows: The impact of chronic pain on people’s quality of life, Pain as a fifth vital sign: the importance of its evaluation, and Nursing care to the patient with chronic pain.Results: Pain impacts in several ways on people’s life, and, when this symptom becomes chronic, it resonates more intensively on quality of life. A comprehensive, holistic, and multi-professional evaluation to person with pain is necessary, so that nurse, setting up the nursing process, plays a central role in recognition and control of this status with the implementation of accurate diagnoses and effective interventions.Conclusion: Chronic pain needs a special attention by nurse so that assessment and treatment to be as complete as possible, in order to minimize the negative impact of pain on people’s life.Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre el impacto del dolor crónico en la vida de las personas y en los cuidados de enfermería en el proceso.Metodología: Ensayo reflexivo, el cual se fundamentó en una revisión teórica. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de mayo de 2015 a julio de 2016. Los datos se analizaron y luego se organizaron en los siguientes ejes temáticos: El impacto del dolor crónico sobre la calidad de vida de las personas, El dolor como quinta señal vital: la importancia de su evaluación y Cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes con dolor crónico.Resultados: El dolor impacta de varias formas en la vida de las personas y, cuando este síntoma se vuelve crónico, repercute más intensamente en la calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, se hace indispensable realizar una evaluación completa, holística y multiprofesional de la persona que padece algún dolor, de manera que el enfermero, al establecer el proceso de enfermería, desempeñe un papel fundamental en el reconocimiento y control de esta condición con la implementación de diagnósticos precisos y de intervenciones efectivas.Conclusión: El dolor crónico requiere de una atención especial por parte del enfermero para que la evaluación y el tratamiento sean lo más completos posible, con el fin de minimizar el impacto negativo del dolor sobre la vida de las personas

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo

Objetivo: Refletir sobre os impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo.Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, fundamentado em uma revisão teórica. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de maio de 2015 a julho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados e logo organizados nos seguintes eixos temáticos: O impacto da dor crônica sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas, Dor como quinto sinal vital: a importância de sua avaliação e Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com dor crônica.Resultados: Vários são os impactos que a dor acarreta na vida das pessoas e, quando este sintoma se torna crônico, a repercussão sobre a qualidade de suas vidas é mais intensa. Portanto, uma avaliação abrangente, holística e multiprofissional da pessoa com dor faz-se necessária, de forma que o enfermeiro, por meio do estabelecimento do processo de enfermagem, desempenhe um papel fundamental pelo processo de reconhecimento e controle desta condição com a implementação de diagnósticos acurados e intervenções efetivas.Conclusão: A dor crônica merece atenção especial do enfermeiro, de forma que a avaliação e o tratamento sejam os mais abrangentes possível, a fim de minimizar o impacto negativo da dor sobre a vida das pessoas.Objective: To reflect about impact of chronic pain on people’s life and on the nursing care in the process.Methodology: This is a reflexive essay, based on a theoretical review. The study was developed between May 2015 and July 2016. The data were analyzed and after organized in thematic axes as follows: The impact of chronic pain on people’s quality of life, Pain as a fifth vital sign: the importance of its evaluation, and Nursing care to the patient with chronic pain.Results: Pain impacts in several ways on people’s life, and, when this symptom becomes chronic, it resonates more intensively on quality of life. A comprehensive, holistic, and multi-professional evaluation to person with pain is necessary, so that nurse, setting up the nursing process, plays a central role in recognition and control of this status with the implementation of accurate diagnoses and effective interventions.Conclusion: Chronic pain needs a special attention by nurse so that assessment and treatment to be as complete as possible, in order to minimize the negative impact of pain on people’s life.Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre el impacto del dolor crónico en la vida de las personas y en los cuidados de enfermería en el proceso.Metodología: Ensayo reflexivo, el cual se fundamentó en una revisión teórica. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de mayo de 2015 a julio de 2016. Los datos se analizaron y luego se organizaron en los siguientes ejes temáticos: El impacto del dolor crónico sobre la calidad de vida de las personas, El dolor como quinta señal vital: la importancia de su evaluación y Cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes con dolor crónico.Resultados: El dolor impacta de varias formas en la vida de las personas y, cuando este síntoma se vuelve crónico, repercute más intensamente en la calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, se hace indispensable realizar una evaluación completa, holística y multiprofesional de la persona que padece algún dolor, de manera que el enfermero, al establecer el proceso de enfermería, desempeñe un papel fundamental en el reconocimiento y control de esta condición con la implementación de diagnósticos precisos y de intervenciones efectivas.Conclusión: El dolor crónico requiere de una atención especial por parte del enfermero para que la evaluación y el tratamiento sean lo más completos posible, con el fin de minimizar el impacto negativo del dolor sobre la vida de las personas

Impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo

Objetivo: Refletir sobre os impactos da dor crônica na vida das pessoas e a assistência de enfermagem no processo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, fundamentado em uma revisão teórica. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de maio de 2015 a julho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados e logo organizados nos seguintes eixos temáticos: O impacto da dor crônica sobre a qualidade de vida das pessoas, Dor como quinto sinal vital: a importância de sua avaliação e Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente com dor crônica. Resultados: Vários são os impactos que a dor acarreta na vida das pessoas e, quando este sintoma se torna crônico, a repercussão sobre a qualidade de suas vidas é mais intensa. Portanto, uma avaliação abrangente, holística e multiprofissional da pessoa com dor faz-se necessária, de forma que o enfermeiro, por meio do estabelecimento do processo de enfermagem, desempenhe um papel fundamental pelo processo de reconhecimento e controle desta condição com a implementação de diagnósticos acurados e intervenções efetivas. Conclusão: A dor crônica merece atenção especial do enfermeiro, de forma que a avaliação e o tratamento sejam os mais abrangentes possível, a fim de minimizar o impacto negativo da dor sobre a vida das pessoas

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt