Trabalho comunal universitário (tcu) na universidade latino-americana de ciência e tecnología (ulacit) e a responsabilidade social (rs): ¿tem o tcu efeito na percepção da rs dos estudantes que o realizam?

La relación entre el cumplimiento del requisito de graduación del Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU), mediante la metodología del Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) y la percepción de la responsabilidad social (RS) es analizada aquí en relación con aspectos como: definición de la RS, valoración general de la RS, vinculación personal con la RS, RS en la formación profesional, RS en el ejercicio profesional y práctica regular de la RS. Se llevó a cabo un estudio con una muestra representativa (N = 312) de estudiantes de la Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología (ULACIT) en San José de Costa Rica, y se compararon los puntajes obtenidos en cuanto a las anteriores variables entre quienes ya han realizado el TCU y quienes no lo han hecho. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la realización del TCU tiene un efecto en la percepción de la RS en cuanto a: diferenciarla mejor de la acción meramente asistencial, atribuirle importancia general, vincularla a nivel personal, incorporarla en la formación y ejercicio profesional, así como en considerar tener mayores habilidades para llevarla a cabo. Se presenta también la conceptualización de los principales términos de referencia: TCU, RS y AeS, así como la revisión de algunos estudios semejantes al presente.The relation between del fulfillment of the graduation requirement called Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU -University Community Service-) made through the methodology of Service Learning (ApS by its Spanish name Aprendizaje en Servicio) and the perception of Social Responsibility (RS for Responsabilidad Social) is analyzed here, with respect to aspects such as: general evaluation for the importance of RS, personal and professional relation with RS and essence of this concept. A study with a representative sample (N = 312) was held with students of Universidad Latinoamericana de Ciencia y Tecnología (ULACIT), in San José, Costa Rica, comparing between those who made their TCU and those who haven´t done it, so it would be possible to present some evidence of the effect of TCU in the perception of relevant aspects of RS. The main concepts are described: TCU, RS y AeS, and so is the literature review of similar studies.A relação entre o cumprimento do requisito de graduação do Trabalho Comunal Universitário (TCU), mediante a metodologia de Aprendizagem e Serviço (AeS) e a percepção da responsabilidade social (RS) é analisada aqui em relação a aspectos como: definição da RS, valoração geral da RS, vinculação pessoal com a RS, RS na formação profissional, RS no exercício profissional e prática regular da RS. Realizou-se um estudo com uma mostra representativa (N = 312) de estudantes da Universidade Latino-americana de Ciência e Tecnologia (ULACIT) em São José da Costa Rica, e se compararam as pontuações obtidas em relação às anteriores variáveis entre aqueles que já realizaram o TCU e os que não o fizeram. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a realização do TCU tem um efeito na percepção da RS em relação com a maioria das variáveis antes mencionadas. Apresenta-se também a conceptualização dos principais termos de referência: TCU, RS y AeS, assim como a revisão de alguns estudos semelhantes ao presente

"Guadua angustifolia Kunth: opción de diversificación productiva para productores en la Península de Osa, Costa Rica."

Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería Forestal) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, 2015.This study aims to promote technical and sustainable use of Guadua angustifolia stands in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. An initial diagnosis of guadua plantations was performed. The potential for commercial use was assessed through a forest inventory and market analysis of bamboo culms within the Peninsula was performed. The effective area under study comprised7.45 Guadua ha from a total of 35.88 been analyzed, which means 79.2% mortality. Only 1.2 ha are suitable for commercial use with a total production supply of 1534 culms. The remaining 6.25 ha be exploited in the future, after a technical and appropriate management. The demand for 2015 is 1280 to 1 550 culmst by resorts and construction industry in the area. Finally, a list of recommendations for silvicultural management stands studied is presented, which was exposed on a silvicultural management workshop aimed at organized producers. However, an attendance of 17.9% of the target group was obtained, making the which remains the responsibility of the cooperative to bring this information to other producers.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal

Comparison of corn silage and cottonseed hulls in complete rations for calves in confinement housing and outdoor calf hutches

In a 2 X 2 factorial- experiment thirty-two Holstein calves were randomly allotted to two housing systems, (1) bedded pens in a closed bam and (2) outdoor calf hutches. Individual pens in a mechanically ventilated barn were utilized for the initial 18 weeks. At 19 weeks of age, calves were moved to group pens and remained there until 30 weeks old. Housing system had no effect (P \u3e 0.05) on body weight gains of calves for the first 18 weeks of age. However, significant differences (P \u3c 0.05) were found when heifers were moved to group pens. Higher body weight gains were observed for heifers housed indoors than for those housed outdoors. The method of housing did not affect height, heart girth, or length measurements. Cottonseed hulls complete rations were compared to corn silage complete rations. The cottonseed hull ration consisted of two stages: stage A contained 20 percent cottonseed hulls, 60 percent com and 20 percent soybean meal; stage B consisted of 43 percent cottonseed hulls, 43 percent corn, and 14 percent soybean meal. Stage A was fed ad libitum to calves from the first month of age up to approximately 300 pounds body weight. Stage B was fed ad libitum to heifers which achieved approximately 300 pounds, and continued to 30 weeks. Com silage complete ration consisted of a 3:1 ratio of com silage plus pelleted grain mix containing 18 percent crude protein, fed ad libitum. Significant differences (P \u3c 0.05) were detected for dry matter intake, body weight, and body measurements between rations 1 and 2. Greater body weight gains were observed from the use of ration 1. Ration 1 containing cottonseed hulls resulted in greater dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber intake. Differences in nominal volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and valerate were significant. Molar percentages of propionate were higher in heifers fed ration 1. The housing system did not affect the incidence of scours or pneumonia. Outdoor hutches required less bedding. Feeding calves housed in outdoor hutches was less comfortable for the operator during the winter. Calves from 3 days to 18 weeks of age reared in outdoor calf hutches had growth rates comparable to those housed in a conventional bam. When economically feasible, cottonseed hulls are recommended as a fiber source

Essential oil from leaves of Myrcianthes fragrans (Myrtaceae) from Costa Rica. A new chemotype?

Myrcianthes is a Myrtaceous genus of flowering plants of about 30 to 40 species, distributed in the American continent. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the foliar essential oil from M. fragrans growing wild in central Costa Rica. The essential oil was obtained through the steam distillation process in a Clevenger type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oil was performed by capillary gas chromatography with a flame detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using the retention indices on a DB-5 type capillary column in addition to mass spectral fragmentation patterns. A total of 98 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total amount of the oil. The major constituents in the leaf oil were (E)-methyl cinnamate (39.6%), limonene (34.6%), α-pinene (6.8%), and linalool (6.8%). This is the first report of (E)-methyl cinnamate occurring in oils of this plant genus. These findings appear to suggest a new chemotype of M. fragrans

Vocal behavior and the use of social information during roost finding

When selecting feeding, hiding, or resting areas, animals face multiple decisions with different fitness consequences. To maximize efficiency, individuals can either collect personal information, or use information gathered and transmitted by other individuals (social information). Within group living species, organisms often specialize in either generating social information or using information gathered by other groups members. That is the case of the Spix’s disk-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor. This species uses contact calls during roost finding. Social groups are composed by a mix of vocal and non-vocal individuals and those vocal roles appear to be consistent over time. Moreover, their vocal behavior can predict roost finding in natural settings, suggesting that vocal individuals are capable of generating social information that can be used by other group members. To date, however, we do not know if when presented with social information (contact calls) during roost finding, vocal individuals will make more or less use of these cues, compared to non-vocal individuals. To answer this question, we broadcast contact calls from a roost inside a flight cage to test whether vocal individuals could find a potential roost faster than non-vocal individuals when they encounter sounds that signal the presence of a roost site. Our results suggest that non-vocal individuals select roost sites based primarily on social information, whereas vocal individuals do not rely heavily on social information when deciding where to roost. This study provides the first link between vocal behavior and the use of social information during the search for roosting resources in bats. Incorporating ideas of social roles, and how individuals decide when and where to move based on the use of social information, may shed some light on these and other outstanding questions about the social lives of bats.Universidad de Costa Rica/[560-B8-015]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de BiologíaUCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede del Su

Aceite esencial de las hojas de Myrcianthes fragrans (Myrtaceae) de Costa Rica. ¿Un nuevo quimiotipo?

Myrcianthes is a Myrtaceous genus of flowering plants of about 30 to 40 species, distributed in the American continent. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the foliar essential oil from M. fragrans growing wild in central Costa Rica. The essential oil was obtained through the steam distillation process in a Clevenger type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oil was performed by capillary gas chromatography with a flame detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using the retention indices on a DB-5 type capillary column in addition to mass spectral fragmentation patterns. A total of 98 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.8% of the total amount of the oil. The major constituents in the leaf oil were (E)-methyl cinnamate (39.6%), limonene (34.6%), α-pinene (6.8%), and linalool (6.8%). This is the first report of (E)-methyl cinnamate occurring in oils of this plant genus. These findings appear to suggest a new chemotype of M. fragrans.Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) consta de 30 a 40 especies, distribuidas en el continente americano. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en identificar la composición química del aceite esencial contenido en las hojas de M. fragrans, planta que crece en forma silvestre en el Valle Central de Costa Rica. La extracción del aceite se efectuó mediante el método de hidrodestilación usando un equipo de Clevenger modificado. La composición química del aceite se analizó mediante las técnicas de cromatografía gaseoso-líquida con detector de ionización de llama (GC-FID) y de cromatografía gaseoso-líquida acoplada a un detector de masas (GC-MS). Se utilizaron índices de retención obtenidos en una columna capilar tipo DB-5 y se compararon con los patrones de iones de fragmentación de masas. Se identificaron en total 98 compuestos, correspondientes a un 98.8% de los constituyentes totales. Los componentes mayoritarios del aceite resultaron ser (E)-cinamato de metilo (39.6%), limoneno (34.6%), α-pineno (6.8%) y linalol (6.8%). Este es el primer informe de la aparición de (E)-cinamato de metilo en aceite de hojas de este género de plantas. Los datos obtenidos parecen sugerir un nuevo quimiotipo de M. fragrans.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de QuímicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA

O teste do marshmallow em contexto: como o ambiente social influencia a tomada de decisões e o autocontrole?

This article proposes a discussion of psychosocial factors that influence how humans make decisions related to self-control, emphasizing how preschoolers make those decisions in delayed reward situations. To this end, it takes as a starting point the marshmallow test placed in social context, to analyze how aspects such as rationality, emotions, socioeconomic status, culture and particularly trust in others influence how decisions are made and how self-control is exercised in relation to the delay of immediate rewards to obtain, subsequently, more beneficial results.Este artículo propone una discusión sobre los factores psicosociales que influyen en la manera en que los seres humanos toman decisiones relacionadas con el autocontrol, enfatizando en la forma en que lo hacen los niños preescolares en situaciones de postergación de recompensas. Para ello, toma como punto de partida el test de la golosina puesto en contexto social, para analizar la forma en la cual aspectos tales como la racionalidad, las emociones, la condición socioeconómica y particularmente la confianza en los demás influyen en cómo se toman decisiones y cómo se ejerce o no el autocontrol en relación con el postergar recompensas inmediatas para obtener, posteriormente, otras mayores.Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre os fatores psicossociais que influenciam a maneira em que os seres humanos tomam decisões relacionadas ao autocontrole, enfatizando o que fazem as crianças pré-escolares em situações de adiamento de recompensa. Para isso, tomamos como ponto de partida o teste do marshmallow aplicado ao contexto social, para analisar a forma pela qual aspectos como a racionalidade, as emoções, a condição socioeconômica, e particularmente a confiança nos outros influenciam em como as decisões são tomadas e como se exerce ou não o autocontrole em relação ao adiamento de recompensas imediatas para obter, posteriormente, outras maiores

Essential oil composition of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) from Costa Rica

Ambrosia is an Asteraceous genus of flowering plants, which has about 40-45 species, and their geographical distribution ranges from the USA, Mexico, and Central America to South America. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil of A. cumanensis growing in Costa Rica. The essential oils were obtained through the steam distillation process in a Clevenger type apparatus. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS using the retention indices on a DB-5 type capillary column in addition to mass spectral fragmentation patterns. A total of 137 compounds were identified, accounting for about 90% of the total amount of the oils. Ambrosia cumanensis produced terpenoid rich oil, whose composition was dominated by bicyclogermacrae (14.7-23.4%), germacrene D (10.1-16.9%), α-pinene (7.8-12.8%), β-pinene (4.5-6.7%), chrysanthenone (6.2-8.7%), limonene (3.5-5.8%), and filifolone (2.9-4.0%).Universidad de Costa Rica/[809-B1-190]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Químic