Estudio de mitos, estereotipos, sesgos androcéntricos y sexistas en el dictado de las sentencias durante el primer trimestre del año 2007 y el argumento de los jueces y juezas de la zona sur, en casos de violencia contra las mujeres en relaciones de pareja heterosexual.

Trabajo Final de Graduación para la Maestría en Estudio de la Violencia Social y Familiar compuesto de 160 páginas en formato PDF.Las actitudes, ideologías, ideas, valores basados en justificaciones de la violencia contra las mujeres, la asignación de roles que permiten la invisibilización, la designación de lo “adecuado" para las mujeres y para los hombres dentro de la sociedad, las percepciones erróneas del concepto de mujer y falsas concepciones de la realidad económica-social que enfrentan los dos sexos y la discriminación en función al rol que se le asigna a cada persona, son elementos patriarcales que perpetuar la violencia de género. Considerando que la violencia de género es una forma de lesión de los derechos humanos y un problema de interés público, desde abril de 1996, con la promulgación de la Ley número 7586 contra la Violencia Doméstica, el Poder Judicial de Costa Rica se compromete a capacitar y sensibilizar a los funcionarios y funcionarias de la Administración de Justicia sobre los orígenes, la naturaleza, efectos de la violencia de género, los derechos humanos de las mujeres, niñas y niños víctimas de maltrato, promoviendo estrategias con perspectiva de género para atender a las víctimas de una manera adecuada y eficaz, evitar revictimizaciones durante el proceso judicial y procurar el acceso a la justicia a las mujeres víctimas. Esta investigación analiza en el argumento escrito de las sentencias y el discurso oral de los jueces y las juezas de la zona sur, a fin de verificar si se reflejan los fines y metas de las capacitaciones con perspectiva de género, recibidas por estos y estas funcionarias. Estas capacitaciones tienen la meta de brindar conocimiento para entender e identificar situaciones de poder, desigualdad, discriminación, invisibilización u opresión contra las mujeres, deconstruir ideas patriarcales que producen violencia de género, introducir la perspectiva de género a la administración de justicia, concienciación y desarrollo de la sensibilidad al género. No obstante, a la fecha de realización de este trabajo no se ha realizado un diagnóstico o monitoreo del cumplimiento o reflejo de esos objetivos en el quehacer de los jueces y juezas.Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Ric

Opinion of handball players, trainers and referees using the handball/futsal goalpost anti-tip system “tutigool” for a safe game: 2019 four nations international handball junior tournament

[EN] Problem Statement:Athletes and especially children die around the world due to sports accidents. In this regard, changes in the federal sports regulations are not only aimed at favoring the game, but also to improve the safety of athletes. In handball, the goal is an essential piece of equipment and the anti-tip system used is fundamental to prevent accidents. Purpose:The objective of the present study was to know the opinion of different sports agents about the use of the Tutigool anti-tip system in the goals. Methods:The sample consisted of 60 subjects (players (51 ± 0.72), trainers (5 ± 14.01), and referees (4 ± 2.5)), of which, 96.7% were men and 3.3% women. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was filled out (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree) by the participants of the Four Nations International Tournament in January 2019 in the male U21 category, held in Santander (Spain). The questionnaire consisted of 18 items. Results: The most relevant results affirm that the system is appropriate for the handball game at the municipal and school level at 5.35 and for high level sports at 4.10. The average satisfaction with this system is 4.34. By agents, the coaches obtained 5.4, the referees 4.5 and the players 4.22. The Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out, which showed no significant differences in the mean scores (p> 0.05) given by players, trainers and referees in different aspects related to the anti-tip system. Conclusions:These results allow making a deep reflection and a change in handball regulations with the aim of adapting them and guaranteeing a safer practice, not only for athletes and amateur users, but also for sports facilities technicians who are responsible for the maintenance and handling of sports equipment.S

Photochemically-induced protein tyrosine nitration in vitro and in cellula by 5-methyl-1,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole (DNI): synthesis and biochemical characterization

Natalia Ríos: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Adrian Aicardo: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Cecilia Chavarría: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Rodrigo Ivagnes: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Mauricio Mastrogiovanni: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- Rafael Radi: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay -- José M. Souza: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. Contacto: [email protected] photochemical nitrating agent 5-methyl-1,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole (DNI) has been recently described as an effective tool for nitrating tyrosine residues in proteins under 390 nm irradiation (Long T. et al., 2021). Herein, we describe the one-step synthesis of DNI from the precursor 4-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole with good yield (66%) and high purity (>99%). Spectral analysis of DNI reveals two maximum peaks (228 and 290 nm) with maximum nitration yields and kinetics occurring at 290 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)- and mass spectrometry (MS)- spin trapping analysis evidenced the formation of nitrogen dioxide (•NO2) upon irradiation of DNI, implying the homolysis of the N–N bond in the DNI molecule. Irradiation of DNI at 290, 390 nm, or UVA light (315–400 nm), produced tyrosine nitration, with yields approaching ca. 30% with respect to DNI at 290 nm exposure. Indeed, using alpha-synuclein as a model protein, the main protein post-translational modification triggered by DNI was the generation of 3-nitrotyrosine as shown by MS analysis. Additionally, the formation of di-tyrosine was also observed. Finally, intracellular •NO2 production upon DNI photolysis in bovine aortic endothelial cells was evidenced by the nitration of the tyrosine analog probe p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA) and cellular protein tyrosine nitration

Spitzer observations of the Massive star forming complex S254-S258: structure and evolution

We present Spitzer-IRAC, NOAO 2.1meter-Flamingos, Keck-NIRC, and FCRAO-SEQUOIA observations of the massive star forming complex S254-S258, covering an area of 25x20 arc-minutes. Using a combination of the IRAC and NIR data, we identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSO) in the complex. We detect 510 sources with near or mid IR-excess, and we classify 87 Class I, and 165 Class II sources. The YSO are found in clusters surrounded by isolated YSO in a low-density distributed population. The ratio of clustered to total YSO is 0.8. We identify six new clusters in the complex. One of them, G192.63-00, is located around the ionizing star of the HII region S255. We hypothesize that the ionizing star of S255 was formed in this cluster. We also detect a southern component of the cluster in HII region S256. The cluster G192.54-0.15, located inside HII region S254 has a VLSR of 17 km/s with respect to the main cloud, and we conclude that it is located in the background of the complex. The structure of the molecular cloud is examined using 12CO and 13CO, as well as a near-IR extinction map. The main body of the molecular cloud has VLSR between 5 and 9 km/s. The arc-shaped structure of the molecular cloud, following the border of the HII regions, and the high column density in the border of the HII regions support the idea that the material has been swept up by the expansion of the HII regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

On the Rollout of Network Slicing in Carrier Networks: A Technology Radar

Network slicing is a powerful paradigm for network operators to support use cases with widely diverse requirements atop a common infrastructure. As 5G standards are completed, and commercial solutions mature, operators need to start thinking about how to integrate network slicing capabilities in their assets, so that customer-facing solutions can be made available in their portfolio. This integration is, however, not an easy task, due to the heterogeneity of assets that typically exist in carrier networks. In this regard, 5G commercial networks may consist of a number of domains, each with a different technological pace, and built out of products from multiple vendors, including legacy network devices and functions. These multi-technology, multi-vendor and brownfield features constitute a challenge for the operator, which is required to deploy and operate slices across all these domains in order to satisfy the end-to-end nature of the services hosted by these slices. In this context, the only realistic option for operators is to introduce slicing capabilities progressively, following a phased approach in their roll-out. The purpose of this paper is to precisely help designing this kind of plan, by means of a technology radar. The radar identifies a set of solutions enabling network slicing on the individual domains, and classifies these solutions into four rings, each corresponding to a different timeline: (i) as-is ring, covering today’s slicing solutions; (ii) deploy ring, corresponding to solutions available in the short term; (iii) test ring, considering medium-term solutions; and (iv) explore ring, with solutions expected in the long run. This classification is done based on the technical availability of the solutions, together with the foreseen market demands. The value of this radar lies in its ability to provide a complete view of the slicing landscape with one single snapshot, by linking solutions to information that operators may use for decision making in their individual go-to-market strategies.H2020 European Projects 5G-VINNI (grant agreement No. 815279) and 5G-CLARITY (grant agreement No. 871428)Spanish national project TRUE-5G (PID2019-108713RB-C53

Phytochemical and crystallographic studies of Azara dentata extracts and its cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7

Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. also called “Corcolen” is an endemic shrub of Chile. The honey produced in areas with abundance of Azara dentata is highly appreciate by its polyphenols. In the present work, we isolated and identified for the first time the phytochemical components of Azara dentata and its cytotoxic effects were analyzed on cancer cells together with its antimicrobial activity. The results showed that palmitic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid methyl ester, α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol are the main non-polar constituents of the plant, while the compounds AD-3 (3-phenylisocoumarin, 0.0001% yield) and AD-4 (methyl 2-phenacyl-benzoate, 0.00039% yield) were isolated by column chromatography with n-hexane/EtOAc (3:2 v/v) and their structures were determined using NMR analysis. In addition, the structure of AD-4 was complemented by a single crystal x-ray structural determination. Azara dentata showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis with a MIC of 5.0 and 10 mg/mL respectively. The cytotoxic activity of Azara dentata against MCF-7 cancer cells showed an IC50 of 15.63 µg/mL, this is a promissory value for the deeper study of its metabolites in cancer models.Fil: Paz, Cristian. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: González Chavarría, Iván. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Freire Espeleta, Eleonora. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Leandro. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Karpiński, Tomasz M.. Poznan University Of Medical Sciences; PoloniaFil: Duprat, Felix. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Baggio, Ricardo Fortunato. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes); Argentin

Global Hopf bifurcation in the ZIP regulatory system

Regulation of zinc uptake in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana has recently been modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations based on the uptake of zinc, expression of a transporter protein and the interaction between an activator and inhibitor. For certain parameter choices the steady state of this model becomes unstable upon variation in the external zinc concentration. Numerical results show periodic orbits emerging between two critical values of the external zinc concentration. Here we show the existence of a global Hopf bifurcation with a continuous family of stable periodic orbits between two Hopf bifurcation points. The stability of the orbits in a neighborhood of the bifurcation points is analyzed by deriving the normal form, while the stability of the orbits in the global continuation is shown by calculation of the Floquet multipliers. From a biological point of view, stable periodic orbits lead to potentially toxic zinc peaks in plant cells. Buffering is believed to be an efficient way to deal with strong transient variations in zinc supply. We extend the model by a buffer reaction and analyze the stability of the steady state in dependence of the properties of this reaction. We find that a large enough equilibrium constant of the buffering reaction stabilizes the steady state and prevents the development of oscillations. Hence, our results suggest that buffering has a key role in the dynamics of zinc homeostasis in plant cells.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, uses svjour3.cl

Star Formation Activity in the Galactic HII Complex S255-S257

We present results on the star-formation activity of an optically obscured region containing an embedded cluster (S255-IR) and molecular gas between two evolved HII regions S255 and S257. We have studied the complex using optical, near-infrared (NIR) imaging, optical spectroscopy and radio continnum mapping at 15 GHz, along with Spitzer-IRAC results. It is found that the main exciting sources of the evolved HII regions S255 and S257 and the compact HII regions associated with S255-IR are of O9.5 - B3 V nature, consistent with previous observations. Our NIR observations reveal 109 likely young stellar object (YSO) candidates in an area of ~ 4'.9 x 4'.9 centered on S255-IR, which include 69 new YSO candidates. Our observations increased the number of previously identified YSOs in this region by 32%. To see the global star formation, we constructed the V-I/V diagram for 51 optically identified IRAC YSOs in an area of ~ 13' x 13' centered on S255-IR. We suggest that these YSOs have an approximate age between 0.1 - 4 Myr, indicating a non-coeval star formation. Using spectral energy distribution models, we constrained physical properties and evolutionary status of 31 and 16 YSO candidates outside and inside the gas ridge, respectively. The models suggest that the sources associated within the gas ridge are of younger population (mean age ~ 1.2 Myr) than the sources outside the gas ridge (mean age ~ 2.5 Myr). The positions of the young sources inside the gas ridge at the interface of the HII regions S255 and S257, favor a site of induced star formation.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa