92 research outputs found
Report of the 11th Liaison Meeting
The 11thLiaison Meeting between the Chairs of the RCMs, the ICES PGCCDBS,
PGMED and PGECON, the STECF EWGs on the DCF, the Regional Database Steering
Committees, the ICES and GFCM representatives and the European Commission was
held at the DG Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Brussels from 8th to 9th October 2014. The 11th Liaison meeting was held in Brussels on 8th and 9th October 2014 to address the
following terms of reference:
TOR 1. Discussion on possible follow-‐‑up to the main outputs/recommendations of:
• The 2014 RCMs and to the sp ecific re commenda tions a ddr e sse d to th e Liaison
Meeting
• P G ECO N , PG CCDBS, PG Med – ou tcome s an d r e commendation s fr om the ir
2014 meeting
• STECF EWG and STEC F Plen ary -‐‑ ou tcome s a n d r e commendation s fr om the ir
2014 meeting
• Data end-‐‑ users (IC ES, G F C M, RC Ms)
TOR 2. Compilation of recommendations on the DCF
A compilation of DCF recommendations will be established by the COM by end 2014.
LM needs to agree on which recommendations should be included (i.e. from which
bodies) & covering which years.
TOR 3. Regional cooperation
• G r ants for str eng thene d reg ion al coop eration
• R e g ional da ta b ases
o O ver view of use of the Reg ional Datab ases for R CMs in 2014, and p rob lems
identified
o O ther deve lop ments (RDB training s in 2014, RDB Med&BS develop ment)
o Chang es for the fu tu re – an y re commen da tions from th e LM?
• R C M data calls – ove rview of h ow MS r esp onde d.
TOR 4. Recommended meetings/workshops
• P r ep a r e a list of r ecommen ded me etin g s for 2015 as g u idance for MS
TOR 5. Studies
• O ver view of p rocess
• LM comme nts and p r ioritization of studies p r op osed b y RC Ms, PG ECO N , ICES,
GFCM
TOR 6. AOB
1. The DCF website has been revamped by the JRC. Any comments on this?
2. Access to the RCM SharePoint
3. Derogations – List of derogations by Member State has been prepared by DG
MARE. Have any RCMs updated this?
4. ICES will provide an update on their plans to re-‐‑evaluate surveys. Should this
be followed by STECF work on surveys to be included in future EU MAP?
5. Annual reports – simplification: presentation of process. 6. Data transmission:
a. new platform for information exchanges between COM, MS and end-‐‑
users
b. new tool for reporting on how MS complied with the DG MARE/JRC
data calls
In addition to the above Terms of Reference, an item was added at the start of the
meeting, regarding the implication of the Landing Obligation on data collection and
the Discard Plans.
Проблеми інноваційного розвитку підприємств вугільної галузі України
Метою статті є визначення проблем інноваційного розвитку вугільної галузі та напрями його забезпечення шляхом упровадження інновацій
Shark Attacks in Dakar and the Cap Vert Peninsula, Senegal: Low Incidence despite High Occurrence of Potentially Dangerous Species
The International Shark Attack File mentions only four unprovoked shark attacks on the coast of West Africa during the period 1828–2004, an area where high concentrations of sharks and 17 species potentially dangerous to man have been observed. To investigate if the frequency of shark attacks could be really low and not just under-reported and whether there are potentially sharks that might attack in the area, a study was carried out in Dakar and the Cap Vert peninsula, Senegal. and 3 with unidentified sharks.These findings suggest that the frequency of shark attacks on the coast of West Africa is underestimated. However, they also indicate that the risk is very low despite the abundance of sharks. In Dakar area, most encounters along the coastline with potentially dangerous species do not result in an attack. Compared to other causes of water related deaths, the incidence of shark attack appears negligible, at least one thousand fold lower
Multiple imputation for estimating hazard ratios and predictive abilities in case-cohort surveys
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The weighted estimators generally used for analyzing case-cohort studies are not fully efficient and naive estimates of the predictive ability of a model from case-cohort data depend on the subcohort size. However, case-cohort studies represent a special type of incomplete data, and methods for analyzing incomplete data should be appropriate, in particular multiple imputation (MI).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed simulations to validate the MI approach for estimating hazard ratios and the predictive ability of a model or of an additional variable in case-cohort surveys. As an illustration, we analyzed a case-cohort survey from the Three-City study to estimate the predictive ability of D-dimer plasma concentration on coronary heart disease (CHD) and on vascular dementia (VaD) risks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When the imputation model of the phase-2 variable was correctly specified, MI estimates of hazard ratios and predictive abilities were similar to those obtained with full data. When the imputation model was misspecified, MI could provide biased estimates of hazard ratios and predictive abilities. In the Three-City case-cohort study, elevated D-dimer levels increased the risk of VaD (hazard ratio for two consecutive tertiles = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.63-1.74). However, D-dimer levels did not improve the predictive ability of the model.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>MI is a simple approach for analyzing case-cohort data and provides an easy evaluation of the predictive ability of a model or of an additional variable.</p
Latent variables and structural equation models for longitudinal relationships: an illustration in nutritional epidemiology
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of structural equation modeling and latent variables remains uncommon in epidemiology despite its potential usefulness. The latter was illustrated by studying cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between eating behavior and adiposity, using four different indicators of fat mass.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using data from a longitudinal community-based study, we fitted structural equation models including two latent variables (respectively baseline adiposity and adiposity change after 2 years of follow-up), each being defined, by the four following anthropometric measurement (respectively by their changes): body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness and percent body fat. Latent adiposity variables were hypothesized to depend on a cognitive restraint score, calculated from answers to an eating-behavior questionnaire (TFEQ-18), either cross-sectionally or longitudinally.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that high baseline adiposity was associated with a 2-year increase of the cognitive restraint score and no convincing relationship between baseline cognitive restraint and 2-year adiposity change could be established.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The latent variable modeling approach enabled presentation of synthetic results rather than separate regression models and detailed analysis of the causal effects of interest. In the general population, restrained eating appears to be an adaptive response of subjects prone to gaining weight more than as a risk factor for fat-mass increase.</p
Technical mitigation measures for sharks and rays in fisheries for tuna and tuna-like species: turning possibility into reality
Tuna fisheries have been identified as one of the major threats to populations of other marine vertebrates,
including sea turtles, sharks, seabirds and marine mammals. The development of technical mitigation measures (MM)
in fisheries is part of the code of conduct for responsible fisheries. An in-depth analysis of the available literature regarding
bycatch mitigation in tuna fisheries with special reference to elasmobranchs was undertaken. Studies highlighting
promising MMs were reviewed for four tuna fisheries (longline, purse seine, driftnets and gillnet, and rod and line – including
recreational fisheries). The advantages and disadvantages of different MMs are discussed and assessed based on
current scientific knowledge. Current management measures for sharks and rays in tuna Regional Fishery Management
Organizations (t-RFMOs) are presented. A review of relevant studies examining at-vessel and postrelease mortality of
elasmobranch bycatch is provided. This review aims to help fisheries managers identify pragmatic solutions to reduce
mortality on pelagic elasmobranchs (and other higher vertebrates) whilst minimizing impacts on catches of target tuna
species. Recent research efforts have identified several effective MMs that, if endorsed by t-RFMOs, could reduce elasmobranchs
mortality rate in international tropical purse seine tuna fisheries. In the case of longline fisheries, the number
of operational effective MMs is very limited. Fisheries deploying driftnets in pelagic ecosystems are suspected to have
a high elasmobranchs bycatch and their discard survival is uncertain, but no effective MMs have been field validated
for these fisheries. The precautionary bans of such gear by the EU and by some t-RFMOs seem therefore appropriate.
Recreational tuna fisheries should be accompanied by science-based support to reduce potential negative impacts on
shark populations. Priorities for research and management are identified and discussed.S
Nutritional therapy and infectious diseases: a two-edged sword
The benefits and risks of nutritional therapies in the prevention and management of infectious diseases in the developed world are reviewed. There is strong evidence that early enteral feeding of patients prevents infections in a variety of traumatic and surgical illnesses. There is, however, little support for similar early feeding in medical illnesses. Parenteral nutrition increases the risk of infection when compared to enteral feeding or delayed nutrition. The use of gastric feedings appears to be as safe and effective as small bowel feedings. Dietary supplementation with glutamine appears to lower the risk of post-surgical infections and the ingestion of cranberry products has value in preventing urinary tract infections in women
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