Enhancement of keV X-rays from low-density cellulose triacetate (TAC) foam targets

The interaction of a high-power laser with a low-density foam target can in some instances result in a significant enhancement in x-ray generation relative to that when the same laser is incident upon a homogenous solid. In this paper, we present x-ray emission studies from foam targets where the density is varied from under-dense to over-dense. The targets are irradiated with the first harmonic of Nd:Glass laser. The laser intensity on the target was approximately 2 × 1014 W/cm2 with the pulse duration of 500 ps. Mass-matched cellulose triacetate foam targets with densities of 2 mg/cc, 4 mg/cc, 7 mg/cc, and 20 mg/cc were used. The areal density presented by the targets on the laser beam axis was held constant at 0.2 mg/cm2 by varying the target thickness in inverse proportion to the density. The x-ray yield in the spectral range (5-8 keV) and (4.5-16 keV) was found to be enhanced by approximately 2.3 times in foam targets with the density of 2 mg/cc (under-dense) compared with foam targets with the density of 20 mg/cc (over-dense)

“On-The-Fly” Fabrication of Highly-Ordered Interconnected Cylindrical and Spherical Porous Microparticles via Dual Polymerization Zone Microfluidics

A microfluidic platform with dual photopolymerization zones has been developed for production of novel uniform interconnected porous particles with shapes imposed either by the geometry of the external capillary or by the thermodynamic minimisation of interfacial area. Double w/o/w drops with well-defined internal droplet size and number were produced and then exposed to online photopolymerization to create the porous particles. Cylindrical interconnected porous particles were produced in a segmented flow where the drops took the shape of the capillary. The microfluidic set up included an extension capillary where the drops relaxed and conformed to their thermodynamically favoured morphology. Window opening of the particles occurred “on-the-fly” during UV polymerization without using any offline auxiliary methods. A distinction was made between critically and highly packed arrangements in double drops. The window opening occurred consistently for highly packed spherical drops, but only for critically packed drops containing more than 6 internal cores at internal phase ratio as low as 0.35. The size and number of cores, shape and structure of double drops could be precisely tuned by the flowrate and by packing structure of the inner droplets

Transition Metal Complexes of 6-Methyl-2-Amino Benzothiazole -Part III

Complexes of the type ML/sub2/X/sub2/ and ML/sub4/X/sub2/ (where M=Cu(II),Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zin(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II); L=6-methyl-2-aminobenzothiazole;X=-I, -NCS and -OAC have been isolated and characterised on the basis of analytical, magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic and i.r.spectal data. The antifungal screening of Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes is also reported

Blockchain inspired secure and reliable data exchange architecture for cyber-physical healthcare system 4.0

A cyber-physical system is considered to be a collection of strongly coupled communication systems and devices that poses numerous security trials in various industrial applications including healthcare. The security and privacy of patient data is still a big concern because healthcare data is sensitive and valuable, and it is most targeted over the internet. Moreover, from the industrial perspective, the cyber-physical system plays a crucial role in the exchange of data remotely using sensor nodes in distributed environments. In the healthcare industry, Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to resolve most securities-related issues due to its decentralized, immutability, and transparency properties. In this paper, a blockchain-inspired secure and reliable data exchange architecture is proposed in the cyber-physical healthcare industry 4.0. The proposed system uses the BigchainDB, Tendermint, Inter-Planetary-File-System (IPFS), MongoDB, and AES encryption algorithms to improve Healthcare 4.0. Furthermore, blockchain-enabled secure healthcare architecture for accessing and managing the records between Doctors and Patients is introduced. The development of a blockchain-based Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) exchange system is purely patient-centric, which means the entire control of data is in the owner's hand which is backed by blockchain for security and privacy. Our experimental results reveal that the proposed architecture is robust to handle more security attacks and can recover the data if 2/3 of nodes are failed. The proposed model is patient-centric, and control of data is in the patient's hand to enhance security and privacy, even system administrators can't access data without user permission

Pattern of lymphadenopathy in fine needle aspiration cytology: a retrospective study

Background: Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying disease may range from treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasm. In fact it is also essential to establish that swelling in question is lymph node. Incidence of lymphadenopathy appears to be increasing especially among young adults all over the world. Inflammatory and immune reaction are most frequent cause of lymph node enlargement and are self limiting in majority of cases. Lymphnode are also affected as a result of primary neoplasm or from metastasis of malignant neoplasm from regional and distant organ.Aims: Study different cytomorphological patterns associated with various lymphadenopathy and spectrum of lesion with respect to age and sex.Methods: A total of 1774 cases came for FNAC of lymphnode in the Department of Pathology, MMC & RI, MYSORE from NOV 2011 to OCT 2014 were retrieved and studied retrospectively.Results: Out of total cases, 908 were males and 865 females with age range from 3mth to 90 years with maximum number of cases diagnosed with reactive lymphadenopathy (26.2%) followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy (21.2%), Non specific lymphadenitis (18.5%), granulomatous lymphadenitis (14.65%), tuberculous lymphadenitis (14.65%), suppurative lymphadenitis (3.94%) and lymphoma(0.73%).Conclusion: FNAC recognized as a diagnostic technique because of simplicity, cost effectiveness, easily availability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. With the advent of FNAC most of inflammatory, reactive and neoplastic condition can be diagnosed without biopsy.

What Causes Cancer Gallbladder?: A Review

Gallbladder cancer is a common malignancy of the biliary tract. It is the fifth common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in United States [1] and third in Northern India [2]. Despite such high prevalence, there is scanty published literature about this disease in indexed journals. Therefore, this article is intended to provide a brief overview of gallbladder cancer risk factors, based mainly on published evidence from analytical epidemiology and recent research findings of biologists and practising oncologists. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to establish an association between different causative factors and the occurrence of the disease

Remote Sensing and GIS based approach in Morphometric analysis of Birma River Basin (Central India)

Birma river basin lies between two states of India (Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh). The parameters of Morphometric analysis were measured as Stream Order, Drainage Density, Stream Frequency, Bifurcation Ratio, Elongation Ratio, etc. Digital Elevation Model is downloaded from the USGS website. The results show that the Basin ranges from dendritic to sub-dendritic and is heterogeneous in texture and structurally controlled. The stream order ranges from first order to sixth order and the drainage density and elongation ratio is 1.23 and 0.59 respectively which specified that the basin is elongated in shape. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2.67 to 9.0 indicating that the basin has undulating topography. The analysis is contributed to understand watershed management sites for the conservation of soil and water. Assessment of these parameters ultimately gives information for the arrangement of sustainable water resource development and its management for the local people residing nearby the river.   Keywords: Birma River Basin, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Geographical Information System (GIS), Morphometric analysis, Remote Sensin

Dynamic circadian protein-protein interaction networks predict temporal organization of cellular functions.

Essentially all biological processes depend on protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Timing of such interactions is crucial for regulatory function. Although circadian (~24-hour) clocks constitute fundamental cellular timing mechanisms regulating important physiological processes, PPI dynamics on this timescale are largely unknown. Here, we identified 109 novel PPIs among circadian clock proteins via a yeast-two-hybrid approach. Among them, the interaction of protein phosphatase 1 and CLOCK/BMAL1 was found to result in BMAL1 destabilization. We constructed a dynamic circadian PPI network predicting the PPI timing using circadian expression data. Systematic circadian phenotyping (RNAi and overexpression) suggests a crucial role for components involved in dynamic interactions. Systems analysis of a global dynamic network in liver revealed that interacting proteins are expressed at similar times likely to restrict regulatory interactions to specific phases. Moreover, we predict that circadian PPIs dynamically connect many important cellular processes (signal transduction, cell cycle, etc.) contributing to temporal organization of cellular physiology in an unprecedented manner

Mixed Ligand Complexes of N-6 methyl Benzothiazol-2-yl-salicylaldimine and 2-methyl Benzimidazole with Cu(II) Ni(II) Co(II) Mn(II) VO(II) Zn(II) Cd(II) and Hg(II)

Mixed-ligand complexes of the type MS/sub2/ (MeBI)/sub2/ (where M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), SH=N-6-methyl benzothiazol-2-yl-salicyladldimine and MeBI=2-methyl benzimidazole) and VOS/sub2/. MeBI have been synthesised and characterised on the basis of analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, electronic and i.r. spectral data. All the complexes, were found to be nonelectrolyte and possessed octahedral geometry