Anti-Depressant Activity of Zizyphus xylopyrus

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract (ext.), ethyl acetate (EA) fractions and precipitate fraction (ppt.) of total ethanolic extract of Zizyphus xylopyrus on depression in rats. In the present study, the antidepressant effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus was examined using two behavioral models, the forced swimming test (FST) in rats and tail suspension test (TST) in rats.Ethanolic extract when administered at an acute dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight (P<0.01) reduced the immobility time by 10 and 15 seconds as compared to the immobility time of control in both the screening models. Similarly EA reduced latter by 30 and 35 secs. The ppt. fraction showed the best activity, reducing the immobility time by 50 and 60 secs. in both the tests. These results showed that after standard i.e. Imipramine HCl (30 mg/kg), the ppt. fraction is potent amongst all the studied drugsThe present study clearly demonstrated that Zizyphus xylopyrus exerts an antidepressant effect in these two behavioral models. It may be due to present of flavonoids.Keywords: Zizyphus xylopyrus, Flavanoides, forced swimming test, tail suspension test

Anti-Depressant Activity of Zizyphus xylopyrus

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract (ext.), ethyl acetate (EA) fractions and precipitate fraction (ppt.) of total ethanolic extract of Zizyphus xylopyrus on depression in rats. In the present study, the antidepressant effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus was examined using two behavioral models, the forced swimming test (FST) in rats and tail suspension test (TST) in rats.Ethanolic extract when administered at an acute dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight (P<0.01) reduced the immobility time by 10 and 15 seconds as compared to the immobility time of control in both the screening models. Similarly EA reduced latter by 30 and 35 secs. The ppt. fraction showed the best activity, reducing the immobility time by 50 and 60 secs. in both the tests. These results showed that after standard i.e. Imipramine HCl (30 mg/kg), the ppt. fraction is potent amongst all the studied drugsThe present study clearly demonstrated that Zizyphus xylopyrus exerts an antidepressant effect in these two behavioral models. It may be due to present of flavonoids.Keywords: Zizyphus xylopyrus, Flavanoides, forced swimming test, tail suspension test

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Discordant Doping and Labile Silicon Atoms in Higher Manganese Silicide

Discordant doping is broadly connoted to atomic substitutions wherein even a marginal amount of incoming atom is unable to adopt the local geometry of the site it occupies and gets inhomogeneously distributed within the crystal. Herein, we report the implication of partial B or Ge doping on the labile, i.e., easily altered, Si atoms of higher manganese silicide (MnSiγ), prepared by spark plasma sintering of melt-spun ribbons. The synthesized Mn(Si1–xDx)γ alloys (where D = B or Ge are dopants) having a Nowotny chimney ladder (NCL) phase, showed a close relation of their structural stability and electrical transport properties to the 14-electron rule. Following the (3 + 1) dimensional superspace approach, the modulation vector component (γ) was accurately determined and correlated with the electrical transport and valence electron count (VEC) of the synthesized samples. Beyond the solubility limit of B/Ge onto the labile [Si] subsystem, a homogeneous formation of Si-rich domains and (Si, Ge) solid solution within the MnSiγ matrix was distinctively observed for B and Ge doping, respectively, which modifies the thermal and electrical transport properties. Comparatively, Ge doping was more favorable than B doping on the Si sites of MnSiγ, wherein the peak thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) ∼ 0.67 (±0.1) at 823 K was obtained for Mn(Si0.99Ge0.01)γ, corresponding to ∼50% enhancement, when compared to the Ge-doped HMS single-crystal counterparts

Evaluation of the Anabolic, Aphrodisiac and Reproductive Activity of Anacyclus Pyrethrum DC in Male Rats

Anacyclus pyrethrum DC (Compositae), commonly referred to as ‘Akarkara’, is widely recognized in Ayurvedic system of Indian medicine as tonic and rejuvenator. The roots are also considered aphrodisiac and sexual stimulant. Aqueous extract of the roots was studied for its effect on sexual behavior, spermatogenesis, and sperm count. Fructose levels in seminal vesicles of albino rats were also recorded. Two doses i.e. 50 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract on administration in albino rats showed pronounced anabolic and spermatogenic effect in animals of respective groups. The sperm count and fructose levels in seminal vesicle were markedly increased. Improvement in sexual behavior of male rats was characterized by increased mount and intromission frequency and reduced mount and intromission latency. The extract had a dose dependent influence on sperm count and seminal fructose concentration which increased significantly

Phytochemical analysis and synergistic memory enhancing effect of Bacopa monnieri with Piper nigrum

ABSTRACT: Herbal therapy is a type of alternative or complementary medicine that uses natural ingredients to alleviate health issues including mental illness. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by a slow loss of memory coupled with shrinkage of brain tissue, localized loss of neurons, primarily in the hippocampus and basal forebrain, and decreased levels of the central cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Bacopa monnieri is also known as brahmi which is very well known for memory enhancer and Piper nigrum is work as bioavailability enhancer which will reduce the dose frequency and increase effectiveness on other drugs. So, this study's goal was to look at the physicochemical parameters, phytochemical characteristics, and synergistic memory enhancing effect of B. monnieri with P. nigrum a natural bioenhancer on mice with scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits. Six group of six animal were treated respectively, once daily with ethanolic extract of B. monnieri (EEBM) (200 mg/kg), ethanolic extract of P. nigrum (EEPN) 200 mg/kg, Combination of EEBM (100 mg/kg) with EEPN (100 mg/kg), donepezil 1 mg/kg via oral dosing and were given intraperitoneal (ip) injection of scopolamine 1 mg/kg daily to induce cognitive deficits. The tests for locomotor activity, stair climbing, and pole climbing were utilised to evaluate the learning and memory components. Additionally examined were dopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and other physiological elements. The results showed combination of Brahmi and black pepper shows pole climbing, actophotometer activity, staircase activity that showed better therapeutic advantages for improving mice's antiamnesic activity as compared to single extract of Brahmi. In response, the treated groups with combined extract emitted noticeably more dopamine and serotonin. When compared to illness control, the extract's ability to improve memory was highly significant (P< 0.001). These findings indicate that the combination of Brahmi and black pepper improved memory and hence could serve as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses