Archivos, gobierno y comunidades urbanas en el sur de Francia: el ejemplo de Montpellier

This article deals with the medieval history of the urban archives of the city of Montpellier. In a first part, it offers the long history of these collections by tracing the important moments in the transmission and transformation of medieval documentation produced within the institutional framework of the Consulate established in 1204-1205. In a second part, the article examines the transformations (that affected urban archival memory from the beginning of the thirteenth to the mid-fourteenth century and links these to changes in methods of governing the urban universitas. Two periods are singled out: the first pan through the 1250s and 1260s and is a first move towards the empowerment of the urban administrative sphere, with the compilation of landmark books and the turning of a part of the city's archives into a Treasury. The second period runs through the mid-fourteenth century, when a thorough reorganization of the classification system of the archivum that will facilitate the consultation of documents takes place, as does an unprecedented increase in the control exercised by urban administrations over the production and conservation of urban records.Este artículo trata de la historia medieval de los archivos urbanos de la ciudad de Montpellier. En primer lugar, propone una historia de los fondos inscrita en el tiempo largo que recorre los momentos importantes de la transmisión y de la transformación de la documentación producida en la Edad Media dentro del marco institucional del consulado instaurado en 1204-1205. En un segundo momento, el artículo se focaliza en las transformaciones que afectan la memoria archivística urbana, entre el principio del siglo XIII y la mitad del siglo XIV, e intenta relacionarlas con los cambios de los modos de gobernación de la universitas urbana. Se destacan así dos periodos: el primero, situado durante las décadas 1250-1260, se caracteriza por un primer movimiento de autonomización de la esfera administrativa urbana, en el cual concurren la redacción de libros-monumentos y una separación de una parte de los archivos de la ciudad constituida en Tesoro. Un segundo periodo se desarrolla a lo largo de las décadas de mediados del siglo XIV: destaca por una reorganización profunda de la clasificación del archivum que tiene como objetivo facilitar la consulta de documentos, y por un crecimiento sin precedentes del control ejercido por las administraciones urbanas sobre la producción y la conservación del escrito urbano

Tubería de impulsión y balsa de almacenamiento en la localidad “Cortijillos”(Granada)

La Comunidad de Regantes en la que se va a realizar el proyecto está dividida por el Río Castril, quedando dos zonas claramente diferenciadas, por lo que se ha optado por dividir la zona regable en dos subunidades totalmente independientes, con captación de aguas distintas, aunque ambas englobadas dentro de la Comunidad. El proyecto que nos ocupa es que abastece a la parte de la Comunidad izquierda del ríoMáster Universitario en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y puerto

Comparison of risk factors for shoulder pain and rotator cuff syndrome in the working population

BACKGROUND: To compare risk factors for shoulder pain without and with rotator cuff syndrome (RCS).METHODS: A total of 3,710 workers of a French region were randomly included in the cross-sectional study between 2002 and 2005. Personal and occupational risk factors were assessed during a physical examination and by a self-administered questionnaire. Multinomial logistic modeling was used for the following outcomes: no shoulder pain and no RCS (reference), shoulder pain without RCS (called "shoulder pain") and RCS, separately for men and women. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of "shoulder pain" for men and women were 28.0% and 31.1%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of RCS were 6.6% and 8.5%, respectively. In men, "shoulder pain" and RCS were associated with age, high-perceived physical exertion, and arm abduction. Automatic work pace and low supervisor support were associated with "shoulder pain," and high psychological demand and low skill discretion with RCS. In women, "shoulder pain" and RCS were associated with age, repetitiveness of tasks, and low supervisor support. High perceived physical exertion and exposure to cold temperatures were associated with "shoulder pain." CONCLUSIONS: Age was more strongly associated with RCS than with shoulder pain without RCS for both genders. Biomechanical and psychosocial factors were associated with "shoulder pain" and RCS and differed between genders

The Influence of Normative Feedback and Expectancy Violation on Attitudes Related to Sexual Assault

Sexual assault is a complex problem, and there is no set of best practices for sexual assault prevention and education programs. Social norms marketing and expectancy violations, however, have been proposed to be influential factors that may aid in increasing prosocial attitudes related to sexual assault. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of social norm feedback and expectancy violations on attitudes related to sexual assault and bystander intervention. Participants in the study included 244 undergraduate and graduate students who completed an experiment embedded in an online survey. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of expectancy violation or social norm feedback on participants’ bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes, behavioral intent to help, or acceptance of rape myths. Overall, bystander attitudes were significantly associated with perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes and rape myth acceptance. The results also revealed some unique correlational patterns between bystander attitudes, perceptions of peers’ bystander attitudes, and rape myth acceptance within each level of the independent variable. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are discussed in detail

Preparation of the Assistant Principal for the Role of Principle: An Examination of Real Tasks as Compared to the Perceived Ideal Tasks

ABSTRACT PREPARATION OF THE ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL FOR THE ROLE OF THE PRINCIPAL: AN EXAMINATION OF REAL TASKS AS COMPARED TO THE PERCEIVED IDEAL TASKS by April Chastang Madden Principals most commonly ascend from the pool of those who are assistant principals, but it is unclear whether assistant principals are prepared to assume such a pivotal leadership role. This study seeks to compare the extent of on the job training provided to the assistant principals by examining ideal as compared to actual task performance in six competency areas associated with the job of principal. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the perceived ideal professional tasks assistant principals should perform prior to becoming a principal? 2. Which tasks are performed by assistant principals? 3. Do these performed tasks prepare assistant principals for principalships? Utilizing Survey Monkey, a survey was e-mailed to principals with 1-3 years of experience in the State of Georgia. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlations, and t-tests were used for data analysis. As for research question 1, this study revealed that the tasks that ranked the highest among the study participants regarding perceived ideal tasks that assistant principals should perform prior to becoming principal were the competencies falling under the categories of Instructional Leader, Leadership in Staff Personnel, and Management of Schools. For question 2, Pearson Correlation showed that there were no significant correlations for ideal and actual tasks, except in the area of Instructional Leader. Regarding research question 3, The Pearson Correlation along with t-tests of subscales showed that there are significant differences between the ideal and actual tasks performed by assistant principal. The Pearson Correlation highlighted that the only significant correlation between ideal and actual competency tasks was found in the area of Instructional Leader. In conclusion, this study indicated that assistant principals are not adequately prepared to transition to the role of principal

Factors affecting return to work after carpal tunnel syndrome surgery in a large French cohort

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occupational outcomes after surgical release of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).DESIGN: Retrospective study 12 to 24 months after surgery. SETTING: Hand centers (N=3) in 2 different areas. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who had undergone surgical release of the median nerve in 2002 to 2003. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Duration of sick leave after surgery and associated factors were analyzed by using bivariate (log rank) and multivariate analyses of survival (Cox model). RESULTS: Questionnaires mailed in 2004 regarding medical condition (history and surgery), employment (occupational category codes in 1 digit), and compensation were returned (N=1248; 62%), with 253 men and 682 women stating they were employed at the time of surgery (N=935). Most were working at the time of the study (n=851; 91.0%). Median duration of sick leave before returning to work was 60 days. The main factors associated with adverse occupational outcome (long duration of sick leave) were simultaneous intervention for another upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorder, belief (by the patient) in an occupational cause, and "blue-collar worker" occupational category (the strongest determinant). CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the multifactorial nature of the occupational outcome of CTS after surgery, including occupational category. The probability of return to work for each risk factor provides a fair description of prognosis for physicians and patients

Personal, biomechanical, and psychosocial risk factors for rotator cuff syndrome in a working population

OBJECTIVE: Rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) is a major health problem among workers. The aim of the study was to examine the risk factors for RCS among workers exposed to various levels of shoulder constraints.METHODS: From 3710 workers, representative of a French region`s working population, trained occupational physicians diagnosed a total of 142 cases of RCS among men and 132 among women between 2002-2005. Diagnoses were established by standardized physical examination while personal factors and work exposure were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Statistical associations between RCS and personal and work-related factors were analyzed for each gender using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: The personal risk factors for RCS were age [odds ratio (OR) for 1-year increment 1.07, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-1.09, among men and 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.10, among women] and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.6, among women). The work-related risk factors were (i) sustained or repeated arm abduction (≥ 2 hours/day) >90 degrees among men (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-3.9) and >60 degrees among women (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2) or both conditions among men (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.7) and women (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.8-7.3); (ii) high repetitiveness of the task (≥ 4 hours/day) among men (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.4) and women (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5); (iii) high perceived physical demand among men (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.1); (iv) high psychological demand among men (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5); and (v) low decision authority among women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3). CONCLUSION: Personal (ie, age) and work-related physical (ie, arm abduction) and psychosocial factors were associated with RCS for both genders in this working population