Economic problems of coal mining in the United States with a special treatise on uniform accounting practice for mines

This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Sub-diffractional, volume-confined polaritons in a natural hyperbolic material: hexagonal boron nitride

Strongly anisotropic media where the principal components of the dielectric tensor have opposite signs are called hyperbolic. Such materials length exhibit unique nanophotonic properties enabled by the highly directional propagation of slow-light modes localized at deeply sub-diffractional scales. While artificial hyperbolic metamaterials have been demonstrated, they suffer from high plasmonic losses and require complex nanofabrication, which in turn induces the size-dependent limitations on optical confinement. The low-loss, mid-infrared, natural hyperbolic material, hexagonal boron nitride is an attractive alternative. We observe four series of multiple (up to seven) 'hyperbolic polariton' modes in boron nitride nanocones in two spectral bands. The resonant modes obey the predicted aspect ratio dependence and exhibit record-high quality factors (Q up to 283) in the strong confinement regime (lambda/86 in the smallest structures). These observations assert hexagonal boron nitride as a promising platform for studying novel regimes of light-matter interactions and nanophotonic device engineering

Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam Menangani Keterasingan Seorang Lesbi di Semolowaru Surabaya

Dalam skripsi terdapat dua fokus permasalahan yang dikaji, yaitu (1) Bagaimana proses Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam menangani keterasingan seorang lesbi? (2) Bagaimana hasil pelaksanaan Bimbingan Konseling Islam dengan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy dalam menangani keterasingan seorang lesbi? Dalam menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan data teori dengan data yang ada di lapangan. Sedangkan dalam mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, serta peneliti turun langsung kelapangan untuk mengumpulkan data. Setelah data terkumpul, analisa dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses serta hasil dengan membandingkan kondisi konseli sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan konseling. Proses yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang pertama adalah identifikasi masalah, diagnosis, prognosis, selanjutnya treatment dengan langkah pertama, konselor merubah pikiran-pikiran irrasionalnya kearah yang lebih rasional. Kedua, memperbaiki cara berfikir konseli dan menyadarkan bahwa pemikiran irrasional negatif dapat dirubah menjadi positif dan ketiga, memberi alternative pemecahan masalah, dengan member tugas-tugas dalam memperbaiki perilaku negatif konseli. Setelah proses konseli selesai yaitu langkah terakhir menindakk lanjuti masalah yang dialami oleh konseli setelah dilakukannya proses konseling. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masalah yang terjadi adalah keterasingan yang disebabkan pola pikir dan perilaku konseli yang negative. Perilaku tersebut sangat dilarang oleh norma agama. Dalam penelitian ini proses konseling yang dilaksanakan menggunakan Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, yang mana peneliti menggunakan beberapa teknik untuk menangani masalah tersebut. Dengan pendekatan ini diharapkan konseli bisa menerima kenyataan pada perilakunya saat ini dan bisa merubah perilaku buruknya menjadi perilaku yang baik. Sedangkan hasil akhir dari proses konseling terhadap konseli dalam penelitian ini cukup berhasil yang mana hasil tersebut dapat diliihat dari adanya perubahan perilaku yang terjadi pada konseli yang sudah bisa berbaur dengan masyarakat dan meninggalkan perilaku negatifnya

Blue Hill Ship Building

https://digitalmaine.com/blue_hill_documents/1180/thumbnail.jp

An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1+ profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues.

There is pressing urgency to understand the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), promotes cellular entry. The cell subsets targeted by SARS-CoV-2 in host tissues and the factors that regulate ACE2 expression remain unknown. Here, we leverage human, non-human primate, and mouse single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets across health and disease to uncover putative targets of SARS-CoV-2 among tissue-resident cell subsets. We identify ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expressing cells within lung type II pneumocytes, ileal absorptive enterocytes, and nasal goblet secretory cells. Strikingly, we discovered that ACE2 is a human interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in vitro using airway epithelial cells and extend our findings to in vivo viral infections. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could exploit species-specific interferon-driven upregulation of ACE2, a tissue-protective mediator during lung injury, to enhance infection

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research

McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, et al. American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems. 2018;3(3):e00031-18