Test 1157: John Deere 2630 and 2640 Diesel

EXPLANATION OF TEST REPORT GENERAL CONDITIONS East tractor is a production model equipped for common usage. Power consuming accessories can be disconnected only when it is convenient for the operator to do so in practice. Additional weight can be added as ballast if the manufacturer regularly supplies it for sale. The static tire loads and the inflation pressures muse conform to recommendations in the Tire Standards published by the Society of Automotive Engineers. PREPARATION FOR PERFORMANCE RUNS The engine crank case is drained and refilled with a measured amount of new oil conforming to specifications in the operator’s manual. The fuel used and the maintenance operations must also conform to the published information delivered with the tractor. The tractor is then limbered-up for 1 hour on drawbar work in accordance with the manufacturers published recommendations. The manufacturer’s representative is present to make appropriate decisions regarding mechanical adjustments. The tractor is equipped with approximately the amount of added ballast that is used during maximum drawbar tests. The tire tread-bar height must be at least 65% of new tread height prior to the maximum power run. BELT OR POWER TAKE-OFF PERFORMANCE Maximum Power and Fuel Consumption. The manufacturer’s representative makes carburetor, fuel pump, ignition and governor control settings which remain unchanged throughout tall subsequent runs. The governor and the manually operated governor control lever is set to provide the high-idle speed specified by the manufacturer for maximum power. Maximum power is measured by connecting the belt pulley or the power take-off to a dynamometer. The dynamometer load is then gradually increased until the engine is operating at the rated speed specified by the manufacturer for maximum power. The corresponding fuel consumption is measured. Varying Power and Fuel Consumption. Six different horsepower levels are used to show corresponding fuel consumption rates and how the governor causes the engine to react to the following changes in dynamometer load: 85% of the dynamometer torque at maximum power; minimum dynamometer torque, ½ the 85% torque; maximum power; ¼ and ¾ of the 85% torque. Since at tractor is generally subjected to varying loads the average of the results in this test serve well for predicting the fuel consumption of a tractor in general usage. DRAWBAR PERFORMANCE All engine adjustments are the same as those used in the belt or power take-off tests. If the manufacturer specifies a different rated crankshaft speed for drawbar operations, then the position of the manually operated governor control is changed to provide the high-idle speed specified by the manufacturer in the operating instructions. Varying Power and Fuel Consumption With Ballast. The varying power runs are made to show the effect of speed-control devices (engine governor, automatic transmissions, etc.) on horsepower, speed and fuel consumption. These runs are made around the entire test course with has two 180 degree turns with a minimum radius of 50 feet. The drawbar pull is set at 3 different levels as follows: (1) as near to the pull a maximum power as possible and still have the tractor maintain the travel speed at maximum horsepower on the straight sections of the test course; (2) 75% of the pull at maximum power; and (3) 50% of the pull at maximum power. Prior to 1958, fuel consumption data (10 hour test) were shown only for the pull obtained at maximum power for tractors having torque converters and at 75% of the pull obtained at maximum power for gear-type tractors. Maximum Power With Ballast. Maximum power is measured on straight level sections of the test course. Data are shown for not more that 12 different gears or travel speeds. Some gears or travel speeds may be omitted because of high slippage of the traction members or because the travel speed may exceed the safe-limit for the test course. The maximum safe speed for the Nebraska Test course has been set at 15 miles per hour. The slippage limits have been set at 15% and 7% for pneumatic tires and steel tracks or lugs, respectively. Higher slippage gives widely varying results. Maximum Power Without Ballast. All added ballast is removed from the tractor. The maximum drawbar power of the tractor is determined by the same procedure used for getting maximum power with ballast. The gear (or travel speed) is the same as that used in the 10-hours test. Varying Power and Travel Speed With Ballast. Travel speeds corresponding to drawbar pulls beyond the maximum power range are obtained to show the “lugging ability” of the tractor. The run starts with the pull at maximum power; then additional drawbar pull is applied to cause decreasing speeds. The run is ended by one of three conditions; (1) maximum pull is obtained, (2) the maximum slippage limit is reached, or (3) some other operating limit is reached

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Partir pour Suez

Jules Charles-Roux, Vingt ans de vie publique, Paris, 1892, p. 414-416. Le percement de l’isthme de Suez comptera parmi les œuvres les plus extraordinaires de notre siècle, si fertile déjà en grandes choses. La France a surtout le droit d’en être fière, car c’est par la volonté de ses enfants et le concours presque exclusif de ses richesses qu’elle a été accomplie. Quant à ce qui reste à faire pour rendre l’exploitation de cette nouvelle voie facile et profitable, il ne faut pas douter que to..

Contribution à l'étude des calculs amygdaliens

Thèse : Médecine : Université de Bordeaux : 1895N° d'ordre : 4

Le costume en Provence

Copia digital : Biblioteca del Museo del Traje-CIPE, 201

[Extrême-Orient]. "La Marine marchande russe", par Jules Charles-Roux, publié dans la "Revue des deux mondes", 1er septembre 1904

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MssSGE

Comment rendre nos colonies prospères : conférence faite sous le patronage de l'Union coloniale française / par M. J.-Charles Roux,...

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Debret, professor de desenho: gravuras inéditas da coleção da Bibliothèque nationale de France

Este artigo apresenta e discute três conjuntos de gravuras inéditas de Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848) encontradas nas coleções do Département des Estampes et de la Photographie da Bibliothèque nationale de France, em Paris. O primeiro grupo foi gravado por Gilles-Antoine Demarteau (1750-1802) em 1802; os outros dois foram gravados por L. M. Petit entre c. 1810-1813, o Nouveau Recueil Élémentaire de Dessin e as Têtes d´étude d´après David. A pesquisa busca fazer uma filologia histórica dessas gravuras, discutindo questões de autenticidade, atribuição, finalidade e correspondência com obras semelhantes do período. A metodologia adotada foi a análise e a comparação de bibliografia sobre o tema, de documentos de época e o cotejamento das informações levantadas com os dados já conhecidos sobre a biografia do artista. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho são tentar compreender quais as particularidades dessas pranchas em relação a outros exemplares da mesma época, como essas imagens se inserem no contexto da produção de estampas didáticas no início do século XIX, e como a carreira francesa e brasileira do pintor pode ser reinterpretada a partir das informações colhidas e dos debates sugeridos.This article presents and discusses three sets of prints by Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848) discovered at the Département des Estampes et de la Photographie of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, in Paris, and so far not yet published in Brazil. The first group was engraved by Gilles-Antoine Demarteau (1750-1802) in 1802; and the other two by L. M. Petit between c. 1810-1813, the Nouveau Recueil Élémentaire de Dessin and the têtes d´étude d´après David. The primary aim of this research is to produce a historical philology of these engravings, discussing topics related to authenticity, attribution, goals and correspondence to other similar works of the same period. Secondary aims encompass trying to understand the peculiarities of these plates, how do they fit into the context of pedagogical prints production at the beginning of the 19th century, and how its author’s French and Brazilian careers can be reinterpreted by the means of the new data and the suggested discussions. The adopted methodology was based on the analysis and confrontation of concerned bibliography, documents and information already known about the artist´s biography