680 research outputs found
Déterminants nutritionnels précoces du neurodéveloppement des enfants de l'étude EDEN (rÎle des acides gras polyinsaturés)
Contexte : De la conception Ă l Ăąge adulte, de nombreux dĂ©terminants environnementaux influencent le neurodĂ©veloppement. Des Ă©tudes montrent que durant la fin de la grossesse et les premiers mois de vie, une grande quantitĂ© d acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s (AGPI), notamment Ă longue chaĂźne (AGPI-LC), se fixe dans le tissu cĂ©rĂ©bral. Un apport optimal durant ces pĂ©riodes critiques pourrait soutenir prĂ©cocement le bon dĂ©veloppement du cerveau et de ses fonctions.Objectifs : Ătudier les relations entre les expositions prĂ©- et postnatales prĂ©coces aux AGPI, et le neurodĂ©veloppement d enfants de 2 et 3 ans.Population : Les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es Ă©taient celles de l Ă©tude EDEN, une cohorte mĂšre enfant ayant recrutĂ© 2002 femmes enceintes dans les maternitĂ©s de Nancy et Poitiers entre 2003 et 2006. L alimentation maternelle pendant la grossesse a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par un questionnaire de frĂ©quence alimentaire et une table de composition nutritionnelle. Quatre questionnaires postnatals ont permis d Ă©valuer la durĂ©e d allaitement maternel, et la composition lipidique du colostrum des mĂšres allaitantes a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Des questionnaires parentaux (2 et 3 ans) et un examen neuropsychologique (3 ans) ont permis d Ă©valuer plusieurs aspects du neurodĂ©veloppement. Les analyses statistiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es par rĂ©gressions linĂ©aires multivariĂ©es, aprĂšs ajustement sur de nombreux facteurs de confusion potentiels.RĂ©sultats : Les scores de neurodĂ©veloppement Ă 2 et 3 ans des enfants allaitĂ©s Ă©taient plus Ă©levĂ©s que ceux des enfants non allaitĂ©s. Chez les enfants allaitĂ©s, la durĂ©e d allaitement maternel Ă©tait associĂ©e positivement au neurodĂ©veloppement. Le rapport n 6/n 3 dans l alimentation maternelle en acides gras en fin de grossesse Ă©tait nĂ©gativement associĂ© Ă plusieurs mesures du neurodĂ©veloppement, et cette association Ă©tait renforcĂ©e chez les enfants non allaitĂ©s. La composition du colostrum en AGPI et en AGPI-LC reflĂ©tait amplement les apports nutritionnels en AGPI et en AGPI-LC en fin de grossesse. L utilisation de matiĂšres grasses alimentaires Ă©tait aussi associĂ©e Ă la composition du colostrum. Les diffĂ©rences de neurodĂ©veloppement des enfants allaitĂ©s ne semblait pas ĂȘtre expliquĂ©es par la composition du colostrum en AGPI ni en AGPI-LC, Ă l exception de la teneur en acide linolĂ©ique qui Ă©tait nĂ©gativement associĂ©e Ă certaines mesures du neurodĂ©veloppement. Dans l ensemble, les associations avec le neurodĂ©veloppement Ă©taient plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ©es avec les questionnaires parentaux, mais certaines Ă©valuations par les psychologues venaient parfois conforter ces rĂ©sultats.Conclusion : AssociĂ©s Ă ceux de la littĂ©rature, ces rĂ©sultats soulignent le rĂŽle notable des AGPI durant les pĂ©riodes prĂ©- et postnatale prĂ©coce pour le neurodĂ©veloppement de l enfant. Le suivi des enfants de l Ă©tude EDEN jusqu Ă leur 5 ans permettra d Ă©tudier la persistance de ces rĂ©sultats. Dans une perspective de santĂ© publique, ces travaux rappellent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de promouvoir l allaitement maternel dans la durĂ©e et de surveiller l Ă©quilibre des apports nutritionnels en AGPI pendant la grossesse et la pĂ©riode de lactation.Context: From conception to adulthood, many environmental determinants influence neurodevelopment. Studies showed that in late pregnancy and the first months of life, a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA), accretes in the brain. Optimal intake during these critical periods could support the brain development and its cognitive functions.Aims: To investigate the relationships between pre- and early postnatal exposures to PUFA, and neurodevelopment of 2 and 3 years old children.Population: Data were those from the EDEN mother-child cohort study, in which 2002 pregnant women were recruited between 2003 and 2006 in the maternities of Nancy and Poitiers. Maternal food intake during pregnancy was evaluated by food frequency questionnaire combined with a food composition table. Duration of breastfeeding was assessed by 4 postnatal questionnaires. Lipids in colostrum of breastfeeding mothers were analyzed by gas chromatography. Several aspects of the cognitive and motor development were assessed by both parental questionnaires (2 and 3 y) and neuropsychological examination (3 y). Statistical analyzes were performed by multiple linear regressions, after adjusting for many potential confounders.Results: At 2 and 3 years, scores of neurodevelopment were higher among breastfed children than among never breastfed children. Among breastfed children, breastfeeding duration was positively associated with neurodevelopment. Maternal dietary n 6/n 3 ratio during late pregnancy was negatively associated with measures of neurodevelopment, and this association was reinforced among never breastfed children. Colostrum composition in PUFA and LCPUFA greatly reflected maternal intake during pregnancy. Use of oils/fats for cooking and seasoning was associated with colostrum composition. The differences of neurodevelopment of breastfed children did not seem to be explained by PUFA nor LCPUFA in colostrum, except for total linoleic acid that was negatively associated with some measures of neurodevelopment. In general, associations with neurodevelopment were more frequently found with assessments by parental questionnaires, but measures by psychologists sometimes confirmed the results.Conclusion: Combined with the literature, these results underline the importance of PUFA exposures during pre- and postnatal periods for the child neurodevelopment. Follow-up of children up to 5 years will allow to investigate whether those results persist later in childhood. From a public health perspectives, this work reiterates the need to promote breastfeeding duration and to monitor the balance of PUFA intake during pregnancy and lactation periods.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. Ă©lectronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Maternal Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide during Pregnancy and Offspring Birth Weight: Comparison of Two Exposure Models
International audienceThe two exposure models tended to give consistent results in terms of association with birth weight, despite the moderate concordance between exposure estimates
Birth Weight, Body Silhouette Over the Life Course, and Incident Diabetes in 91,453 Middle-Aged Women From the French Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) Cohort
International audienceOBJECTIVE: Obesity and increases in body weight in adults are considered to be among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight is also associated with a higher diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine to what extent the evolution of body shape, from childhood to adulthood, is related to incident diabetes in late adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) is a cohort study of French women born in 1925-1950 and followed by questionnaire every 2 years. At baseline, in 1990, women were asked to report their current weight, height, and body silhouette at various ages. Birth weight was recorded in 2002. Cases of diabetes were self-reported or obtained by drug reimbursement record linkage and further validated. RESULTS: Of the 91,453 women who were nondiabetic at baseline, 2,534 developed diabetes over the 15 years of follow-up. Birth weight and body silhouette at 8 years, at menarche, and in young adulthood (20-25 years) were inversely associated with the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up (all P(trend) < 0.001). In mid-adulthood (35-40 years), the association was reversed, with an increase in risk related to a larger body silhouette. An increase in body silhouette from childhood to mid-adulthood amplified the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Low birth weight and thinness until young adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up. Young women who were lean children should be especially warned against weight gain
Parent-Offspring Correlations in Pedometer-Assessed Physical Activity
Physical activity is a major component of a healthy lifestyle in youth and adults. To identify determinants of this complex behavior is an important research objective in the process of designing interventions to promote physical activity at population level. In addition to individual determinants, there is evidence documenting familial influences on physical activity. However, the few studies that have addressed this issue with objective measures did not provide data on parent-offspring physical activity relationships throughout childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to assess familial correlations in pedometer-assessed physical activity.We measured ambulatory activity in 286 French nuclear families (283 mothers, 237 fathers, and 631 children aged 8-18 years) by pedometer recordings (Yamax Digiwalker DW 450) over a week. Correlations were computed with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for spouse pairs, siblings, mother-offspring, and father-offspring. Data were expressed as steps per day and computed both for the full recording period and separately for weekdays and weekends.The correlations were the highest between siblings (r=0.28, 95%CI: 0.17-0.38). Parent-offspring correlations were significant in mothers (r=0.21, 95%CI: 0.12-0.30), especially between mothers and daughters (r=0.24, 95%CI: 0.12-0.36 vs. r=0.18, 95%CI: 0.05-0.31 for sons), but were almost nonexistent in fathers. Correlations were generally higher on weekend days compared to weekdays. Mother-offspring correlations did not decrease with increasing age of children (r=0.17, 95%CI: 0.00-0.34 in 8-11-year-olds, r=0.20, 95%CI: 0.07-0.33 in 12-15-year-olds, and r=0.25, 95%CI: 0.07-0.39 in â„16-year-olds). Finally, between-spouse correlations were significant only during weekend days (r=0.14, 95%CI: 0.01-0.27).Ambulatory activity correlated within families, with a possible mother effect. Mother-offspring correlations remained significant through the transition from childhood to adolescence. Further studies are required to better understand the respective influences of shared activities, parental modeling and support as well as genetic factors on the familial aggregation of physical activity
Associations between Children's Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity, Infant's Appetite and Parental Feeding Practices in Toddlerhood.
Previous findings suggest that parental feeding practices may adapt to children's eating behavior and sex, but few studies assessed these associations in toddlerhood. We aimed to study the associations between infant's appetite or children's genetic susceptibility to obesity and parental feeding practices. We assessed infant's appetite (three-category indicator: low, normal or high appetite, labelled 4-to-24-month appetite) and calculated a combined obesity risk-allele score (genetic risk score of body mass index (BMI-GRS)) in a longitudinal study of respectively 1358 and 932 children from the EDEN cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at 2-year-follow-up by the CFPQ. Three of the five tested scores were used as continuous variables; others were considered as binary variables, according to the median. Associations between infant's appetite or child's BMI-GRS and parental feeding practices were assessed by linear and logistic regression models, stratified on child's sex if interactions were significant. 4-to-24-month appetite was positively associated with restrictive feeding practices among boys and girls. Among boys, high compared to normal 4-to-24-month appetite was associated with higher use of food to regulate child's emotions (OR [95% CI] = 2.24 [1.36; 3.68]). Child's BMI-GRS was not related to parental feeding practices. Parental feeding practices may adapt to parental perception of infant's appetite and child's sex
Early determinants of food liking among 5y-old children: a longitudinal study from the EDEN mother-child cohort
International audienceAbstractBackgroundIdentifying the determinants of childâs liking for different foods may help to prevent future choices of unhealthy food.ObjectiveTo study early-life food-related characteristics associated with childâs liking for different foods at 5y with a longitudinal study.Design1142 5y- old children completed a liking test for âfruit and vegetablesâ, âmeat, fish and eggsâ, desserts and cheese. Data related to maternal food intake before pregnancy, infant feeding during the first year of life, maternal feeding practices at 2y, childâs food intake at 3y, and childâs food neophobia from 1 to 4y were collected prospectively from the mother. The associations between these factors and childâs liking for each category of foods were analyzed using structural equation modelling.ResultsHigh food neophobia at 4 y was related to lower childâs liking for all food groups. Maternal feeding practices at 2y were associated with liking for dessert: negatively for the practices allowing child to control his/her own food intake, positively for restriction of childâs food intake for weight reasons. Moreover, childâs food intake at 3y was positively associated with childâs liking for âfruit and vegetablesâ as well as for cheese. Finally, adherence to the infant feeding pattern âlong breastfeeding, later introduction of main meal components and use of home-made productsâ was positively associated with childâs liking for meat/fish/eggs.ConclusionsFor all food groups, food neophobia was a common determinant of childâs liking for food at 5y, whereas other factors were associated with food liking for specific food groups
Measuring Child Socio-Economic Position in Birth Cohort Research: The Development of a Novel Standardized Household Income Indicator
The assessment of early life socioeconomic position (SEP) is essential to the tackling of social inequalities in health. Although different indicators capture different SEP dimensions, maternal education is often used as the only indicator in birth cohort research, especially in multi-cohort analyses. Household income, as a direct measure of material resources, is one of the most important indicators, but one that is underused because it is difficult to measure through questionnaires. We propose a method to construct a standardized, cross-cohort comparable income indicator, the âEquivalized Household Income Indicator (EHII)â, which measures the equivalized disposable household income, using external data from the pan-European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EUSILC) surveys, and data from the cohorts. We apply this method to four studies, PiccolipiĂč and NINFEA from Italy and ELFE and EDEN from France, comparing the distribution of EHII with other SEP-related variables available in the cohorts, and estimating the association between EHII and child body mass index (BMI). We found that basic parental and household characteristics may be used, with a fairly good performance, to predict the household income. We observed a strong correlation between EHII and both the self-reported income, whenever available, and other individual socioeconomic-related variables, and an inverse association with child BMI. EHII could contribute to improving research on social inequalities in health, in particular in the context of European birth cohort collaborative studies
Maternal Personal Exposure to Airborne Benzene and Intrauterine Growth
International audienceBACKGROUND: Studies relying on outdoor pollutants measures have reported associations between air pollutants and birth weight. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the relation between maternal personal exposure to airborne benzene during pregnancy and fetal growth. METHODS: We recruited pregnant women in two French maternity hospitals in 2005-2006 as part of the EDEN mother-child cohort. A subsample of 271 nonsmoking women carried a diffusive air sampler for a week during the 27th gestational week, allowing assessment of benzene exposure. We estimated head circumference of the offspring by ultrasound measurements during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and at birth. RESULTS: Median benzene exposure was 1.8 microg/m(3) (5th, 95th percentiles, 0.5, 7.5 microg/m(3)). Log-transformed benzene exposure was associated with a gestational age-adjusted decrease of 68 g in mean birth weight [95% confidence interval (CI), -135 to -1 g] and of 1.9 mm in mean head circumference at birth (95% CI, -3.8 to 0.0 mm). It was associated with an adjusted decrease of 1.9 mm in head circumference assessed during the third trimester (95% CI, -4.0 to 0.3 mm) and of 1.5 mm in head circumference assessed at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy (95% CI, -3.1 to 0 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study among pregnant women is one of the first to rely on personal monitoring of exposure; a limitation is that exposure was assessed during 1 week only. Maternal benzene exposure was associated with decreases in birth weight and head circumference during pregnancy and at birth. This association could be attributable to benzene and a mixture of associated traffic-related air pollutants
Exposure to Phthalates and Phenols during Pregnancy and Offspring Size at Birth
Background: Data concerning the effects of prenatal exposures to phthalates and phenols on fetal growth are limited in humans. Previous findings suggest possible effects of some phenols on male birth weight
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Association between genetic obesity susceptibility and mother-reported eating behaviour in children up to 5Â years.
BACKGROUND: Many genetic polymorphisms identified by genome-wide association studies for adult body mass index (BMI) have been suggested to regulate food intake. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the associations between a genetic obesity risk score, appetitive traits, and growth of children up to age 5 years, with a longitudinal design. METHODS: In 1142 children from the Etude des DĂ©terminants pre et post natals de la santĂ© de l'ENfant (EDEN) birth cohort, a combined obesity risk-allele score (BMI genetic risk score [GRS]) was related to appetitive traits (energy intake up to 12 mo, a single item on appetite from 4 mo to 3 y, a validated appetite score at 5 y) using Poisson regressions with robust standard errors. The potential mediation of appetitive traits on the association between BMI-GRS and growth was assessed by the Sobel test. RESULTS: Children with a high BMI-GRS were more likely to have high energy intake at 1 year and high appetite at 2 and 5 years. High energy intake in infancy and high appetite from 1 year were related to higher subsequent BMI. High 2-year appetite seemed to partially mediate the associations between BMI-GRS and BMI from 2 to 5 years (all P â€Â 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic susceptibility to childhood obesity seems to be partially explained by appetitive traits in infancy, followed by an early childhood rise in BMI.The EDEN study is supported by Fondation pour la Recherche MĂ©dicale (FRM), French Ministry of Research: Federative Research Institutes and Cohort Program, INSERM Human Nutrition National Research Program, and Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients [AFD]), French Ministry of Health, French Agency for Environment Security (AFSSET), French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), ParisâSud University, French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), NestlĂ©, Mutuelle GĂ©nĂ©rale de l'Education Nationale (MGEN), Frenchâspeaking Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolism (ALFEDIAM), National Agency for Research (ANR nonâthematic programme), and National Institute for Research in Public Health (IRESP: TGIR 2008 cohort in health programme). The genotyping was funded by a Collaborative Research Grant from the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. K.K.O. is supported by the Medical Research Council (unit program: MC_UU_12015/2)
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