A new tool for designing cost effective low energy houses in France

International audienc

Construction cost and energy performance of single family houses: From integrated design to automated optimization

International audienc

A multi objective design tool for the french detached house market: cost and energy performance optimization

International audienc

Nano-analytical investigation of the forming process in an HfO2-based resistive switching memory

International audienceMetal oxide-based resistive random access memory devices are highly attractive candidates for next-generation nonvolatile memories, butthe resistive switching phenomena remain poorly understood. This article focuses on the microscopic understanding of the initial formingstep, which is decisive for the switching process. The integrated resistive switching memory effect in Ti/HfO2/TiWN metal insulator metalstructures is studied. After forming, transmission electron microscopy investigations pointed out the presence of a funnel-shaped region, inthe ON state of the cell, where slightly oxidized Ti (TiOx) was present within HfO2 dielectric. Modeling of the measured ON state conductance of the cell with the semi-classical approximation is consistent with a conductive nanometric TiOx filament (or a sum of sub-nanometric TiOx filaments) present in the funnel-shaped region. The conductive area is likely formed by diffusion after the dielectric breakdow

Sustainable Management of the Upper Rhine River and Its Alluvial Plain: Lessons from Interdisciplinary Research in France and Germany

International audienc

A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands

We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence