Evolving and sustaining ocean best practices and standards for the next decade

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and predicting of the planet's ocean must be a collaborative effort of both regional and global scale. A first and foremost requirement for such collaborative ocean observing is the need to follow well-defined and reproducible methods across activities: from strategies for structuring observing systems, sensor deployment and usage, and the generation of data and information products, to ethical and governance aspects when executing ocean observing. To meet the urgent, planet-wide challenges we face, methods across all aspects of ocean observing should be broadly adopted by the ocean community and, where appropriate, should evolve into "Ocean Best Practices." While many groups have created best practices, they are scattered across the Web or buried in local repositories and many have yet to be digitized. To reduce this fragmentation, we introduce a new open access, permanent, digital repository of best practices documentation (oceanbestpractices.org) that is part of the Ocean Best Practices System (OBPS). The new OBPS provides an opportunity space for the centralized and coordinated improvement of ocean observing methods. The OBPS repository employs user-friendly software to significantly improve discovery and access to methods. The software includes advanced semantic technologies for search capabilities to enhance repository operations. In addition to the repository, the OBPS also includes a peer reviewed journal research topic, a forum for community discussion and a training activity for use of best practices. Together, these components serve to realize a core objective of the OBPS, which is to enable the ocean community to create superior methods for every activity in ocean observing from research to operations to applications that are agreed upon and broadly adopted across communities. Using selected ocean observing examples, we show how the OBPS supports this objective. This paper lays out a future vision of ocean best practices and how OBPS will contribute to improving ocean observing in the decade to come

The views and experiences of suicidal children and young people of mental health support services: A meta-ethnography.

Background: Suicide is amongst the leading causes of death in young people globally and a health priority worldwide. For children and young people (CYP) attempting or considering suicide there is no agreed treatment model. Development of treatment models should be informed by the views and experiences of CYP using services. Methods: Meta-ethnography was used to systematically identify and synthesise studies reporting the views of CYP who used mental health services following suicidal behaviour. Relevant studies were quality appraised. First order (participants) and second order (original author) data were translated to identify common and disconfirming themes and concepts. Translated findings were synthesised and led to a new hypothesis supported by additional ‘linguistic analysis’ of texts to construct a novel third order line-of-argument. Results: Four studies conducted since 2006 in three countries involving 44 young people aged 11-24 years were synthesised. Translation revealed that suicidal CYP do not know where or how to access help, they cannot access help directly and when seen by mental health practitioners they do not feel listened to. Line-of-argument synthesis identified a silence around suicidality within the conversations CYP have with mental health practitioners and within academic research reporting. Use of the term ‘self-harm’ to encompass suicidal behaviours potentially contributes to this silence by avoiding the word ‘suicide’. Conclusions: CYP who are suicidal need to have easy access to mental health services. When using services, they want to feel listened to and have suicidal feelings acknowledged. This involves professionals referring explicitly to suicide not just self-harm

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Modal analysis of steel framed domestic construction for application to seismic design

There has been a significant worldwide increase in the use of cold-formed steel in low-rise residential structures as an alternative to timber. A major research project to assess the performance under lateral loading of cold-formed steel frames commenced more than 7 years ago at The University of Melbourne, Australia, in collaboration with industry and other research organizations. This paper reports key findings from an extensive experimental program. It details a particular aspect of the program that uses nondestructive dynamic testing to identify the basic dynamic properties of such structures. Laboratory tests, employing a shaking table, have been conducted on unclad wall panels and a model test house to study the influence of different framing connection types and to assess the influence of nonstructural components, namely, plasterboard interior lining and brick-veneer exterior cladding. The findings from these tests were verified and further extended by testing a full-scale prototype house at various stages of construction. This paper presents information concerning typical natural frequencies and mode shapes for such structures. It also details the contribution of nonstructural components to the lateral stiffness, which was found to be significant. The results have important implications for seismic design and performance of such structures, even in regions of low to moderate seismicity

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the tensile properties of alpha uranium

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:6075.46(NEL--693) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Tabela de Vida de Cultivares de Soja e Variacao Sazonal da Entomofauna.

Avaliaram-se, em Vicosa, MG no periodo de 1985-1986, os diversos fatores de mortalidade e danos a cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), especialmente os causados por insetos-pragas, nas cultivares Primavera, Bossier, IAC-5, IAC-8, Doko e Sucupira. As tabelas de vida de cada cultivar foram elaboradas com base nos fatores de perda, e a seqüência reprodutiva, nos numeros de vagens formadas, graos nao formados, graos e sementes. Nas tabelas de vida, a maior percentagem de reducao do numero de plantas ocorreu no periodo entre o plantio e a emergencia, principalmente em razao do encrostamento do solo, que dificultou a emergencia das plantulas. Na fase vegetativa, as perdas foram ocasionadas pelas capinas, pela ma formacao de plantas, pelos insetos, pelas pombas e por causas desconhecidas.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pab02nov93.pdf: 492530 bytes, checksum: ae2abc6c7ef6219d6d5d30095174c155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-21199