Application of Synthetic TEMPO Products at NASA SPoRT to Accelerate Use in Air Quality and Public Health Decision Support

No abstract availabl

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after conversion to nocturnal hemodialysis

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after conversion to nocturnal hemodialysis.BackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for mortality in the dialysis population. LVH has been attributed to several factors, including hypertension, excess extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, anemia and uremia. Nocturnal hemodialysis is a novel renal replacement therapy that appears to improve blood pressure control.MethodsThis observational cohort study assessed the impact on LVH of conversion from conventional hemodialysis (CHD) to nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD). In 28 patients (mean age 44 ± 7 years) receiving NHD for at least two years (mean duration 3.4 ± 1.2 years), blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin (Hb), ECF volume (single-frequency bioelectrical impedance) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were determined before and after conversion. For comparison, 13 control patients (mean age 52 ± 15 years) who remained on self-care home CHD for one year or more (mean duration 2.8 ± 1.8 years) were studied also. Serial measurements of BP, Hb and LVMI were also obtained in this control group.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two cohorts with respect to age, use of antihypertensive medications, Hb, BP or LVMI at baseline. After transfer from CHD to NHD, there were significant reductions in systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure (from 145 ± 20 to 122 ± 13mm Hg, P < 0.001; from 84 ± 15 to 74 ± 12mm Hg, P = 0.02; from 61 ± 12 to 49 ± 12mm Hg, P = 0.002, respectively) and LVMI (from 147 ± 42 to 114 ± 40 g/m2, P = 0.004). There was also a significant reduction in the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications (from 1.8 to 0.3, P < 0.001) and an increase in Hb in the NHD cohort. Post-dialysis ECF volume did not change. LVMI correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.6, P = 0.001) during nocturnal hemodialysis. There was no relationship between changes in LVMI and changes in BP or Hb. In contrast, there were no changes in BP, Hb or LVMI in the CHD cohort over the same time period.ConclusionsReductions in BP with NHD are accompanied by regression of LVH

The Australian methane budget: Interpreting surface and train-borne measurements using a chemistry transport model

We investigate the Australian methane budget from 2005-2008 using the GEOS-Chem 3D chemistry transport model, focusing on the relative contribution of emissions from different sectors and the influence of long-range transport. To evaluate the model, we use in situ surface measurements of methane, methane dry air column average (XCH 4) from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), and train-borne surface concentration measurements from an in situ FTS along the north-south continental transect. We use gravity anomaly data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of wetland emissions and scale it to a prior emission estimate, which better describes observed atmospheric methane variability at tropical latitudes. The clean air sites of Cape Ferguson and Cape Grim are the least affected by local emissions, while Wollongong, located in the populated southeast with regional coal mining, samples the most locally polluted air masses (2.5% of the total air mass versus \u3c1% at other sites). Averaged annually, the largest single source above background of methane at Darwin is long-range transport, mainly from Southeast Asia, accounting for ~25% of the change in surface concentration above background. At Cape Ferguson and Cape Grim, emissions from ruminant animals are the largest source of methane above background, at approximately 20% and 30%, respectively, of the surface concentration. At Wollongong, emissions from coal mining are the largest source above background representing 60% of the surface concentration. The train data provide an effective way of observing transitions between urban, desert, and tropical landscapes. Copyright Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union

Classification of polyethylene cling films by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was utilised to analyse nine differently branded cling films. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the intra-sample variability, i.e. the variation within individual cling film rolls; as well as the inter-sample variability, which explores the variability between different rolls of cling film. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was then employed to develop a predictive classification model which gave 100% correct differentiation between three brand groupings of cling film, and accurately classified all of the validation samples obtained from different rolls from the same manufacturers

ThaleMine: A Warehouse for Arabidopsis Data Integration and Discovery.

ThaleMine (https://apps.araport.org/thalemine/) is a comprehensive data warehouse that integrates a wide array of genomic information of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The data collection currently includes the latest structural and functional annotation from the Araport11 update, the Col-0 genome sequence, RNA-seq and array expression, co-expression, protein interactions, homologs, pathways, publications, alleles, germplasm and phenotypes. The data are collected from a wide variety of public resources. Users can browse gene-specific data through Gene Report pages, identify and create gene lists based on experiments or indexed keywords, and run GO enrichment analysis to investigate the biological significance of selected gene sets. Developed by the Arabidopsis Information Portal project (Araport, https://www.araport.org/), ThaleMine uses the InterMine software framework, which builds well-structured data, and provides powerful data query and analysis functionality. The warehoused data can be accessed by users via graphical interfaces, as well as programmatically via web-services. Here we describe recent developments in ThaleMine including new features and extensions, and discuss future improvements. InterMine has been broadly adopted by the model organism research community including nematode, rat, mouse, zebrafish, budding yeast, the modENCODE project, as well as being used for human data. ThaleMine is the first InterMine developed for a plant model. As additional new plant InterMines are developed by the legume and other plant research communities, the potential of cross-organism integrative data analysis will be further enabled

Deep-Sea Exploration of the US Gulf of Mexico with NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer

Oceanography articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format as long as users cite the materials appropriately (e.g., authors, Oceanography, volume number, issue number, page number[s], figure number[s], and DOI for the article), provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate the changes that were made to the original content

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD): A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) Survey.

Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD) are an expanding group of diseases caused by gene defects in several different immune pathways, such as regulatory T cell function. Patients with PIRD develop clinical manifestations associated with diminished and exaggerated immune responses. Management of these patients is complicated; oftentimes immunosuppressive therapies are insufficient, and patients may require hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for treatment. Analysis of HCT data in PIRD patients have previously focused on a single gene defect. This study surveyed transplanted patients with a phenotypic clinical picture consistent with PIRD treated in 33 Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium centers and European centers. Our data showed that PIRD patients often had immunodeficient and autoimmune features affecting multiple organ systems. Transplantation resulted in resolution of disease manifestations in more than half of the patients with an overall 5-years survival of 67%. This study, the first to encompass disorders across the PIRD spectrum, highlights the need for further research in PIRD management

Global retrieval of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO columns from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM) on board the Suomi-NPP satellite

Quantifying the global bromine monoxide (BrO) budget is essential to understand ozone chemistry better. In particular, the tropospheric BrO budget has not been well characterized. Here, we retrieve nearly a decade (February 2012–July 2021) of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO vertical columns from the Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite Nadir Mapper (OMPS-NM) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite. In quantifying tropospheric BrO enhancements from total slant columns, the key aspects involve segregating them from stratospheric enhancements and applying appropriate air mass factors. To address this concern and improve upon the existing methods, our study proposes an approach that applies distinct BrO vertical profiles based on the presence or absence of tropospheric BrO enhancement at each pixel, identifying it dynamically using a satellite-derived stratospheric-ozone–BrO relationship. We demonstrate good agreement for both stratosphere (r = 0.81–0.83) and troposphere (r = 0.50–0.70) by comparing monthly mean BrO vertical columns from OMPS-NM with ground-based observations from three stations (Lauder, Utqiaġvik, and Harestua). Although algorithm performance is primarily assessed at high latitudes, the OMPS-NM BrO retrievals successfully capture tropospheric enhancements not only in polar regions but also in extrapolar areas, such as the Rann of Kutch and the Great Salt Lake. We also estimate random uncertainties in the retrievals pixel by pixel, which can assist in quantitative applications of the OMPS-NM BrO dataset. Our BrO retrieval algorithm is designed for cross-sensor applications and can be adapted to other space-borne ultraviolet spectrometers, contributing to the creation of continuous long-term satellite BrO observation records.</p