Indonesian Uncertainty on Tourism Components in the New Normal Period and the Ability to Travel Soon

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, one of the most-impacted industries was its tourism sector. After the government developed various transmission prevention policies, a press release from the Indonesian president in May 2020 established the new normal terms. These new terms sought to allow Indonesians to return to travel as soon as possible with several protocols in place. However, the post-pandemic situation has made some Indonesians feel an intolerance towards the uncertainty of changes in the tourism component. Through a descriptive quantitative approach using the theory of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), this study aimed to determine what Indonesians feel about uncertainty, how they feel about it, and how to reduce these feelings in Camilleri’s five components of tourism. The results showed that Indonesians feel uncertainty in every component of tourist destinations, with accommodation being the most significant factor, followed by financial, protocol readiness, and health factors, particularly the threat of contracting the virus and the number of cases. Therefore, appropriate handling to eliminate the number of affected cases and the uncertainty of crowds in the destination can significantly contribute to creating the ideal situation awaited by most Indonesians before they decide to return to travel

TSPAN5 Enriched Microdomains Provide a Platform for Dendritic Spine Maturation through Neuroligin-1 Clustering

Tetraspanins are a class of evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins with 33 members identified in mammals that have the ability to organize specific membrane domains, named tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Despite the relative abundance of different tetraspanins in the CNS, few studies have explored their role at synapses. Here, we investigate the function of TSPAN5, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily for which mRNA transcripts are found at high levels in the mouse brain. We demonstrate that TSPAN5 is localized in dendritic spines of pyramidal excitatory neurons and that TSPAN5 knockdown induces a dramatic decrease in spine number because of defects in the spine maturation process. Moreover, we show that TSPAN5 interacts with the postsynaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-1, promoting its correct surface clustering. We propose that membrane compartmentalization by tetraspanins represents an additional mechanism for regulating excitatory synapses

Mutations in SLC12A5 in epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures

The potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, encoded by SLC12A5, plays a fundamental role in fast synaptic inhibition by maintaining a hyperpolarizing gradient for chloride ions. KCC2 dysfunction has been implicated in human epilepsy, but to date, no monogenic KCC2-related epilepsy disorders have been described. Here we show recessive loss-of-function SLC12A5 mutations in patients with a severe infantile-onset pharmacoresistant epilepsy syndrome, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS). Decreased KCC2 surface expression, reduced protein glycosylation and impaired chloride extrusion contribute to loss of KCC2 activity, thereby impairing normal synaptic inhibition and promoting neuronal excitability in this early-onset epileptic encephalopathy

Gene expression profiling in genetic animal models of provide elements to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis in rodents

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic profile of two rodent models of epilepsy (Wistar Audiogenic Rat - WAR and rats with generalized epilepsy with absence seizures-GEAS) using gene expression analysis METHODS: We used microarray technology for gene expression analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of gene expression profiles in WAR showed among genes up-regulated Neurod1, involved in the development of the cochlear duct. In addition, we found significant differences in gene expression of Apbb1, Foxg1 and Scn1A. GEAS rats had differentially expressed genes related to the development of central nervous system, as well as genes involved in the MAPK pathway, transcription factors, neuronal migration and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: This study may help to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism that leads to the predisposition to seizures in these animals. Our results indicate the activation of distinct molecular pathways in both models.OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar e comparar o perfil genético de dois modelos de epilepsia em roedores (Wistar Audiogenic Rat - WAR e generalized epilepsy with absence seizures - GEAS) através da análise da expressão gênica em larga escala. MÉTODOS: Para a análise do perfil de expressão gênica foi utilizada a técnica de microarranjos de DNA (microarray). RESULTADOS: Na linhagem WAR a análise do perfil de expressão mostrou que dentro os genes mais hiperexpressos está o Neurod1, envolvido com o desenvolvimento do ducto coclear. Além desse encontramos também diferenças significativas na expressão dos genes Apbb1, Foxg1 e Scn1A. Já nos animais GEAS os genes com maior expressão diferencial foram àqueles relacionados com o desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central, além de genes envolvidos com a via da MAPK, fatores de transcrição, migração neuronal e apoptose. CONCLUSÃO: Esta análise pode ajudar a esclarecer o mecanismo molecular subjacente que leva a predisposição a crises nesses animais. Até o momento, nossos resultados apontam para a ativação de vias moleculares distintas em ambos os modelos.505

The use of a mixture of somatic and culture filtrate antigens in the evaluation of the immune response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Three Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens, namely a culture filtrate preparation, a somatic antigen and a mixture of equal parts of the two, were tested by two serological techniques against sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, and in an in vivo delayed hypersensitivity model in mice. The antigen mixture was more sensitive than the two individual antigens for the evaluation of humoral and cellular immune response to P. brasiliensis, both in man and in experimental animals

Gene Expression Profiling In Genetic Animal Models Of Provide Elements To Unveil The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Epileptogenesis In Rodents [a Caracterização Do Perfil De Expressão Gênica Em Larga Escala Em Modelos Genéticos De Epilepsia Fornece Elementos Para Entender Os Mecanismos Envolvidos Na Epileptogênese Em Roedores]

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic profile of two rodent models of epilepsy (Wistar Audiogenic Rat - WAR and rats with generalized epilepsy with absence seizures-GEAS) using gene expression analysis Methods: We used microarray technology for gene expression analysis. Results: The analysis of gene expression profiles in WAR showed among genes up-regulated Neurod1, involved in the development of the cochlear duct. In addition, we found significant differences in gene expression of Apbb1, Foxg1 and Scn1A. GEAS rats had differentially expressed genes related to the development of central nervous system, as well as genes involved in the MAPK pathway, transcription factors, neuronal migration and apoptosis. Conclusion: This study may help to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism that leads to the predisposition to seizures in these animals. Our results indicate the activation of distinct molecular pathways in both models.1825052Aicard, J., Course and prognosis of certain chidhood epilepsies with predominantly myoclonic seizures (1980) Advances in Epileptology. The Xth Epilepsy International Symposim, pp. 159-163. , Wada JA, Penry JK e cols. New York: RavemAndré, E.S., Electrophysiological characterization of a new form of spontaneous epilepsy in Wistar rats (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (SUPPL. 2)Bruno-Neto, R., Caracterização de uma nova forma de epilepsia espontânea em ratos Wistar (1999) XIV FESBE, AnaisBruno-Neto, R., André, E.S., Pellarin, L., Hilário, F.K., Valle, A.C., Timo-Iaria, C., Electrophysiological characterization of a new form of spontaneous epilepsy in Wistar rats (1999) 23rd International Epilepsy Congress, Prague, Czech RepublicDoretto, M.C., Fonseca, C.G., Lobo, R.B., Terra, V.C., Oliveira, J.A., Garcia-Cairasco, N., Quantitative study of the response to genetic selection of the WistarAudiogenic Rat strain (WAR) (2003) Behav Genet, 33 (1), pp. 33-42Garcia-Cairasco, N., Sabbatini, R., Role of the substantianigra in audiogenic seizures: A neuroethological analysis in the rat (1983) Braz J Med Biol Res, 16 (2), pp. 171-183Gitaí, D.L., Martinelli, H.N., Valente, V., Pereira, M.G., Oliveira, J.A., Elias, C.F., Bittencourt, J.C., Paçó-Larson, M.L., Increased expression of GluR2-flip in the hippocampus of the Wistaraudiogenic rat strain after acute and kindled seizures (2010) Hippocampus, 20, pp. 125-133Jobe, P.C., Brown, R.D., Dailey, J.W., Effect of Ro 4-1284 on audiogenic seizure susceptibility and intensity in epilepsy-prone rats (1981) Life Sci, 28 (18), pp. 2031-2038Kovács, Z., Suppression of spike-wave discharge activity and c-fos expression by2-methyl-4-oxo-3H-quinazoline-3-acetyl piperidine (Q5) in vivo (2007) Neuroscience Letters, 423, pp. 73-77Mesquita, F., Aguiar, J.F., Oliveira, J.A., Garcia-Cairasco, N., Varanda, W.A., Electrophysiological properties of cultured hippocampal neurons from WistarAudiogenic rats (2005) Brain Res Bul, 65, pp. 177-183Moraes, M.F., Galvis-Alonso, O.Y., Garcia-Cairasco, N., Audiogenic kindling in the Wistar rat: A potential model for recruitment of limbic structures (2000) Epilepsy Research, 39, pp. 251-259Nunes, P.V., Valle, A.C., Timo-Iaria, C., Epileptogenic potentials recorded from the cerebellar cortex in rats (1999) Epilepsia, 40, p. 132. , 23th International Epilepsy Congress, Prague, Czech Republi