Relative Resolution: A Multipole Approximation at Appropriate Distances

Recently, we introduced Relative Resolution as a hybrid formalism for fluid mixtures [1]. The essence of this approach is that it switches molecular resolution in terms or relative separation: While nearest neighbors are characterized by a detailed fine-grained model, other neighbors are characterized by a simplified coarse-grained model. Once the two models are analytically connected with each other via energy conservation, Relative Resolution can capture the structural and thermal behavior of (nonpolar) multi-component and multi-phase systems across state space. The current work is a natural continuation of our original communication [1]. Most importantly, we present the comprehensive mathematics of Relative Resolution, basically casting it as a multipole approximation at appropriate distances; the current set of equations importantly applies for all systems (e.g, polar molecules). Besides, we continue examining the capability of our multiscale approach in molecular simulations, importantly showing that we can successfully retrieve not just the statics but also the dynamics of liquid systems. We finally conclude by discussing how Relative Resolution is the inherent variant of the famous "cell-multipole" approach for molecular simulations

A Study Of Licensed Family Day Care Providers\u27 Views Regarding Regulations

PURPOSE: Licensed family day care providers in two northern California counties were surveyed to ascertain their views about current licensing regulations and four alternatives. The resulting data can be used by the legislature, the licensing agencies, and other groups involved in planning for improvement and expansion of child care services. PROCEDURES: Opinion statements were written which contained key elements of the present licensing system and four alternatives. Part I of a questionnaire was c·omposed of these statements. Part II consisted of five items which solicited demographic data which could be related to views on regulatory issues. The questionnaire was pilot tested in Stockton, California and item reliability was established by use of the test-retest technique. A sample population of 620 licensed providers from twO counties were asked to participate in this study, of which 343 usable questionnaires were returned. This represented a 57% response return. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated the typical respondent to be between 30-39 with some college education. This person had been in business from 3-5 years and cared for 5 children. Day care fees contributed 26-50% to the total family income. The majority of providers favored a highly regulated system which attempted to protect the health and safety of children. The four alternatives were viewed as unacceptable by the providers. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. The state should institute a responsive complaint process and organize a campaign to enlist the aid of parents in protecting their children. A survey of. parents should be undertaken to determine their knowledge of a)quality standards and b)available state resources to whom to turn for help. 3. The needs and purposes of inspections should be reassessed. 4. An examination of unlicensed providers\u27 views on current regulations and alternatives should be forthcoming. 5. A regulatory model is presented. This model offers incentives to those providers presently licensed and encourages those unlicensed to join the regulated network

Modeling methods for high-fidelity rotorcraft flight mechanics simulation

The cooperative effort being carried out under the agreements of the United States-Israel Memorandum of Understanding is discussed. Two different models of the AH-64 Apache Helicopter, which may differ in their approach to modeling the main rotor, are presented. The first model, the Blade Element Model for the Apache (BEMAP), was developed at Ames Research Center, and is the only model of the Apache to employ a direct blade element approach to calculating the coupled flap-lag motion of the blades and the rotor force and moment. The second model was developed at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and uses an harmonic approach to analyze the rotor. The approach allows two different levels of approximation, ranging from the 'first harmonic' (similar to a tip-path-plane model) to 'complete high harmonics' (comparable to a blade element approach). The development of the two models is outlined and the two are compared using available flight test data

Opposite β2-glycoprotein I requirement for the binding of infectious and autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies to cardiolipin liposomes is associated with antibody avidity

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) from two different populations (patients with autoimmune or infectious disorders) with cardiolipin (CL) arranged in a defined bilayer. β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GPI), an apolipoprotein that plays a critical role in the aPL binding to phospholipids, was quantified by dot blot in purified IgG-aPL samples, further classified according to apparent avidity to CL. In solid-phase assays, β2GPI increased, preferentially, the binding of low-avidity autoimmune aPL to CL but inhibited the binding of low-avidity syphilitic aPL. In the absence of β2GPI, both autoimmune and infectious aPL induced the leakage of the entrapped fluorescent probe, carboxyfluorescein (CF), from small unilamellar vesicles containing CL. aPL-induced probe leakage was protein concentration-dependent and characterized by a lag-phase onset of 100–120 min. β2GPI increased the leakage rate induced by low-avidity autoimmune aPL only and inhibited the leakage induced by all syphilitic aPL. The following conclusions were provided: (1) in the absence of β2GPI, autoimmune and infectious aPL bind to CL in a bilayer, inducing liposome leakage; (2) the leakage mechanism induced by aPL is suggested to be intravesicular; (3) β2GPI requirement for phospholipid binding in both solid and fluid phase is associated to aPL avidity; (4) CL alone or the CL–β2GPI complex are the most likely epitopes for autoimmune aPL; (5) aPL from syphilis patients can only form the CL–aPL complex, supporting that β2GPI is not (part of) the target epitope