Research of the system of public management of community development, on the example of Velykoberezovytsia village council

Об’єктом дослідження є процес публічного управління розвитком громади, на прикладі Великоберезовицької селищної ради. Предмет дослідження – теоретико-методичні та прикладні основи системи публічного управління розвитком громади органу місцевого самоврядування. Мета дослідження - дослідження теоретичних підходів та розробка практичних рекомендацій щодо напрямів підвищення ефективності системи публічного управління розвитком Великоберезовицької селищної ради. Методи дослідження: методи системного підходу, синтезу, аналізу, опитування, порівняння.Вступ..8 Розділ 1 Теоретичні засади системи публічного управління розвитком громади.10 1.1Наукове підгрунтя сутності громади та управління її розвитком в умовах децентралізації .. 10 1.2. Основні проблеми та напрями розвитку територіальних громад в Україні ..16 1.3 Нормативно–правове регулювання розвитку громад та діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування у нашій державі ..20 Розділ 2 Аналізування системи публічного управління розвитком громади Великоберезовицької селищної ради ..25 2.1 Характеристика сновних засад діяльності селищної ради ..25 2.2 Фінансові засади забезпечення розвитку та функціонування Великоберезовицької громади..31 2.3 Дослідження місцевих програм розвитку Великоберезовицької селищної ради ..42 Розділ 3 Напрями вдосконалення системи публічного управління розвитком Великоберезовицької громади Тернопільського району 47 3.1 Впровадження функціонування відділу економічного розвитку та інвестицій Великоберезовицької селищної ради..47 3.2 Забезпечення удосконалення процесу сталого розвитку Велико-березовицької громади за рахунок екологічної складової.53 3.3 Пропозиції по створенню парково-відпочинкової зони у смт. Велика Березовиця.62.. Розділ 4 Охорона праці та безпека у надзвичайних ситуаціях..69 4.1 Організація охорони праці у Великоберезовицькій селищній раді..69 4.2 Організація ефективної системи цивільного захисту Великоберезовицької селищної ради.. 72 Висновки та пропозиції.75 Бібліографія..78 Додатки..8

Ergodic infinite group extensions of geodesic flows on translation surfaces

We show that generic infinite group extensions of geodesic flows on square tiled translation surfaces are ergodic in almost every direction, subject to certain natural constraints. Recently K. Fr\c{a}czek and C. Ulcigrai have shown that certain concrete staircases, covers of square-tiled surfaces, are not ergodic in almost every direction. In contrast we show the almost sure ergodicity of other concrete staircases. An appendix provides a combinatorial approach for the study of square-tiled surfaces

SIRT1-NOX4 Signaling Axis Regulates Cancer Cachexia

Approximately one third of cancer patients die due to complexities related to cachexia. However, the mechanisms of cachexia and the potential therapeutic interventions remain poorly studied. We observed a significant positive correlation between SIRT1 expression and muscle fiber cross-sectional area in pancreatic cancer patients. Rescuing Sirt1 expression by exogenous expression or pharmacological agents reverted cancer cell-induced myotube wasting in culture conditions and mouse models. RNA-seq and follow-up analyses showed cancer cell-mediated SIRT1 loss induced NF-κB signaling in cachectic muscles that enhanced the expression of FOXO transcription factors and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a key regulator of reactive oxygen species production. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between NOX4 expression and skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area in pancreatic cancer patients. Knocking out Nox4 in skeletal muscles or pharmacological blockade of Nox4 activity abrogated tumor-induced cachexia in mice. Thus, we conclude that targeting the Sirt1-Nox4 axis in muscles is an effective therapeutic intervention for mitigating pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia

Alterations in Energy/Redox Metabolism Induced by Mitochondrial and Environmental Toxins: A Specific Role for Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Paraquat Toxicity

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder with a complex etiology including genetic risk factors, environmental exposures, and aging. While energy failure and oxidative stress have largely been associated with the loss of dopaminergic cells in PD and the toxicity induced by mitochondrial/environmental toxins, very little is known regarding the alterations in energy metabolism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and their causative role in cell death progression. In this study, we investigated the alterations in the energy/redox-metabolome in dopaminergic cells exposed to environmental/mitochondrial toxins (paraquat, rotenone, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium [MPP+], and 6-hydroxydopamine [6-OHDA]) in order to identify common and/or different mechanisms of toxicity. A combined metabolomics approach using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and direct-infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) was used to identify unique metabolic profile changes in response to these neurotoxins. Paraquat exposure induced the most profound alterations in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolome. 13C-glucose flux analysis corroborated that PPP metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, glucono-1,5-lactone, and erythrose-4-phosphate were increased by paraquat treatment, which was paralleled by inhibition of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Proteomic analysis also found an increase in the expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which supplies reducing equivalents by regenerating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels. Overexpression of G6PD selectively increased paraquat toxicity, while its inhibition with 6-aminonicotinamide inhibited paraquat-induced oxidative stress and cell death. These results suggest that paraquat “hijacks” the PPP to increase NADPH reducing equivalents and stimulate paraquat redox cycling, oxidative stress, and cell death. Our study clearly demonstrates that alterations in energy metabolism, which are specific for distinct mitochondiral/environmental toxins, are not bystanders to energy failure but also contribute significant to cell death progression

Is executive impairment associated with schizophrenic syndromes? A meta-analysis

Original article can be found at: http://journals.cambridge.org/ Copyright Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291708003887A key neuropsychological proposal in schizophrenia is that negative and disorganization symptoms are associated with different patterns of impairment on executive tasks. Reporting correlations between positive, negative or disorganization symptoms and any type of executive test were meta-analysed. The influence of moderating factors was also examined, including age, treatment and stage of illness and whether symptoms were relapsing or persistent. The magnitudes of the correlations were compared with those for general intellectual impairment. Pooled correlations between executive impairment and both negative symptoms and disorganization were significant in the small-to-moderate range. That for positive symptoms (‘reality distortion’), however, was close to zero. The pattern of correlations among different executive tests differed significantly for negative symptoms and disorganization. Patients with stable clinical pictures showed significantly higher correlations with executive impairment than those with relapsing and remitting illnesses. Both negative symptoms and disorganization also correlated significantly with general intellectual function as indexed by current IQ. Meta-analysis supports the view that negative symptoms and disorganization are associated with partially dissociable patterns of executive impairment. However, co-existent general intellectual impairment has been an important confounding factor in the studies to date.Peer reviewe

Estimates of the climate impact of future small-scale supersonic transport aircraft – results from the HISAC EU-project

The climate impacts of three fleets of supersonic small-scale transport aircraft (S4TA) are simulated. Based on characteristic aircraft parameters, which were developed within the EU-project HISAC, emissions along geographically representative trajectories are calculated and in addition the resulting changes in the atmospheric composition (carbon dioxide, ozone layer, water vapour) and climate (near surface global mean temperature) are deduced. We assume a fleet development with an entry in service in 2015, a full fleet in 2050. The results show a temperature increase of 0·08mK (0·07-0·10mK) with only small but statistically significant variations between the configurations, leading to a minimum climate impact for a weight optimised and hence lower flying aircraft. A climate impact ratio of 3·0 ± 0·4 between a S4TA and its subsonic counterpart is calculated, which is considerable less than for previous supersonic fleets because of a lower flight altitude, leading to smaller water vapour impacts